├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md └── web3.pas /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Uncomment these types if you want even more clean repository. But be careful. 2 | # It can make harm to an existing project source. Read explanations below. 3 | # 4 | # Resource files are binaries containing manifest, project icon and version info. 5 | # They can not be viewed as text or compared by diff-tools. Consider replacing them with .rc files. 6 | #*.res 7 | # 8 | # Type library file (binary). In old Delphi versions it should be stored. 9 | # Since Delphi 2009 it is produced from .ridl file and can safely be ignored. 10 | #*.tlb 11 | # 12 | # Diagram Portfolio file. Used by the diagram editor up to Delphi 7. 13 | # Uncomment this if you are not using diagrams or use newer Delphi version. 14 | #*.ddp 15 | # 16 | # Visual LiveBindings file. Added in Delphi XE2. 17 | # Uncomment this if you are not using LiveBindings Designer. 18 | #*.vlb 19 | # 20 | # Deployment Manager configuration file for your project. Added in Delphi XE2. 21 | # Uncomment this if it is not mobile development and you do not use remote debug feature. 22 | #*.deployproj 23 | # 24 | # C++ object files produced when C/C++ Output file generation is configured. 25 | # Uncomment this if you are not using external objects (zlib library for example). 26 | #*.obj 27 | # 28 | 29 | # Default Delphi compiler directories 30 | # Content of this directories are generated with each Compile/Construct of a project. 31 | # Most of the time, files here have not there place in a code repository. 32 | #Win32/ 33 | #Win64/ 34 | #OSX64/ 35 | #OSXARM64/ 36 | #Android/ 37 | #Android64/ 38 | #iOSDevice64/ 39 | #Linux64/ 40 | 41 | # Delphi compiler-generated binaries (safe to delete) 42 | *.exe 43 | *.dll 44 | *.bpl 45 | *.bpi 46 | *.dcp 47 | *.so 48 | *.apk 49 | *.drc 50 | *.map 51 | *.dres 52 | *.rsm 53 | *.tds 54 | *.dcu 55 | *.lib 56 | *.a 57 | *.o 58 | *.ocx 59 | 60 | # Delphi autogenerated files (duplicated info) 61 | *.cfg 62 | *.hpp 63 | *Resource.rc 64 | 65 | # Delphi local files (user-specific info) 66 | *.local 67 | *.identcache 68 | *.projdata 69 | *.tvsconfig 70 | *.dsk 71 | 72 | # Delphi history and backups 73 | __history/ 74 | __recovery/ 75 | *.~* 76 | 77 | # Castalia statistics file (since XE7 Castalia is distributed with Delphi) 78 | *.stat 79 | 80 | # Boss dependency manager vendor folder https://github.com/HashLoad/boss 81 | modules/ 82 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # web3.pas 2 | 3 | web3.pas is a SDK for creating decentralized Web apps in [Embarcadero Delphi](https://www.embarcadero.com/products/delphi). 4 | 5 | web3.pas is built upon [TMS Web Core](https://www.tmssoftware.com/site/tmswebcore.asp), a framework for creating modern web applications in Delphi. 6 | 7 | Under the hood, web3.pas is powered by [ethers.js](https://ethers.org) — a JavaScript library designed to enable developers to interact with the Ethereum blockchain and the larger Ethereum ecosystem. 8 | 9 | Ethers.js gets downloaded at runtime and as such you don’t need to install it. But you do need [Delphi Community Edition](https://www.embarcadero.com/products/delphi/starter) and [TMS Web Core](https://www.tmssoftware.com/site/tmswebcore.asp#downloads). 10 | 11 | Last but not least, you need a browser-based crypto wallet. Please follow the below steps to install MetaMask into your web browser. 12 | 13 | ## Installation 14 | 15 | 1. Clone this repo to a directory of your choosing, for example `C:\Projects\web3.pas` 16 | 1. Launch Delphi and start a new TMS Web Core project via _File > New > Other > TMS Web > TMS Web Application_ 17 | 1. Save your application to a directory of your choosing 18 | 1. Click on: _Project > Add to Project_ and add `web3.pas` (the unit, not the directory) to your project 19 | 1. Run your application (F9) 20 | 1. Navigate to https://metamask.io/ 21 | 1. Click on: Get MetaMask 22 | 1. Follow the instructions and install MetaMask into your web browser 23 | 24 | ## Configuration 25 | 26 | Before you can use web3.pas in your TMS Web Core project, you will need to manually add the following snippet to the `` section of your project's HTML document: 27 | 28 | ```html 29 | 33 | ``` 34 | 35 | Assuming you have added `web3` to your uses clause, you can now call into a global singleton named `Ethers`: 36 | 37 | ```delphi 38 | var 39 | wei: TWei; 40 | begin 41 | wei := Ethers.ParseEther('1.0'); 42 | ShowMessage(wei.ToString); 43 | end; 44 | ``` 45 | 46 | ## Connecting to Ethereum 47 | 48 | The very first thing needed to begin interacting with the blockchain is connecting to it using a [Provider](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/api/providers/#Provider): 49 | 50 | ```delphi 51 | var 52 | provider: TJsonRpcProvider; 53 | begin 54 | if not Assigned(Ethereum) then 55 | // If MetaMask is not installed, we use the default provider, which is backed 56 | // by a variety of third-party services (such as Infura). 57 | provider := Ethers.GetDefaultProvider 58 | else 59 | // Connect to the MetaMask EIP-1193 object. This is a standard protocol that 60 | // allows Ethers access to make all read-only requests through MetaMask. 61 | provider := Ethers.BrowserProvider.New(Ethereum); 62 | ... 63 | end; 64 | ``` 65 | 66 | The above snippet will give you read-only access to the blockchain. When requesting write access to the blockchain - such as sending a transaction - MetaMask will show a pop-up to the user asking for permission. 67 | 68 | ## Interacting with the Blockchain 69 | 70 | Once you have a [Provider](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/api/providers/#Provider), you have a read-only connection to the data on the blockchain. This can be used to query the current account state, fetch historic logs, look up contract code and so on. 71 | 72 | ```delphi 73 | // Look up the current block number (i.e. height) 74 | console.log(await(UInt64, provider.GetBlockNumber)); 75 | 76 | // Get the current balance of an account (by address or ENS name) 77 | balance := await(TWei, provider.GetBalance('vitalik.eth')); 78 | 79 | // Since the balance is in wei, you may wish to display it in ether instead. 80 | console.log(Ethers.FormatEther(balance)); 81 | 82 | // Get the next nonce required to send a transaction 83 | console.log(await(UInt64, provider.GetTransactionCount('vitalik.eth'))); 84 | ``` 85 | 86 | ## Sending Transactions 87 | 88 | To write to the blockchain you need access to a private key. In most cases, those private keys are not accessible directly to your code, and instead you make requests via a [Signer](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/api/providers/#Signer), which dispatches the request to a service (such as [MetaMask](https://metamask.io/)) which provides strictly gated access and requires feedback to the user to approve or reject operations: 89 | 90 | ```delphi 91 | var 92 | provider: TJsonRpcProvider; 93 | signer : TJsonRpcSigner; 94 | begin 95 | signer := nil; 96 | if Assigned(Ethereum) then 97 | begin 98 | // Connect to the MetaMask EIP-1193 object. This is a standard protocol that 99 | // allows Ethers access to make all read-only requests through MetaMask. 100 | provider := Ethers.BrowserProvider.New(Ethereum); 101 | // It also provides an opportunity to request access to write operations, which 102 | // will be performed by the private key that MetaMask manages for the user. 103 | signer := await(TJsonRpcSigner, provider.GetSigner); 104 | end else 105 | // If MetaMask is not installed, we use the default provider, which is backed 106 | // by a variety of third-party services (such as Infura). 107 | // They do not have private keys installed, so they only have read-only access. 108 | provider := Ethers.GetDefaultProvider; 109 | ... 110 | end; 111 | ``` 112 | 113 | Once you have a [Signer](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/api/providers/#Signer), you can have MetaMask sign your transaction and broadcast it to the network: 114 | 115 | ```delphi 116 | // When sending a transaction, the value is in wei, so ParseEther converts ether to wei. 117 | tx := Transaction( 118 | '0xd8dA6BF26964aF9D7eEd9e03E53415D37aA96045', // To: vitalik.eth 119 | Ethers.ParseEther('1.0') // Value 120 | ); 121 | 122 | // Send tx to the network 123 | response := await(TTransactionResponse, signer.SendTransaction(tx)); 124 | console.log(response.Hash); // the transaction hash 125 | 126 | // Often you may wish to wait until the transaction is mined 127 | receipt := await(TTransactionReceipt, response.Wait); 128 | console.log(receipt.Status); // 1 for success, 0 for failure 129 | ``` 130 | 131 | ## Learn more 132 | 133 | The [ethers.js documentation](https://docs.ethers.org/v6/) covers many of the most common operations that developers require. 134 | 135 | ## License 136 | 137 | Distributed under the [GPL-3.0](https://github.com/svanas/web3.pas/blob/master/LICENSE) license. 138 | 139 | ## Commercial support and training 140 | 141 | Commercial support and training is available from [Stefan](https://svanas.github.io/). 142 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /web3.pas: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {******************************************************************************} 2 | { } 3 | { web3.pas } 4 | { } 5 | { Copyright(c) 2025 Stefan van As } 6 | { Github Repository } 7 | { } 8 | { Distributed under GNU GPL v3.0 } 9 | { } 10 | {******************************************************************************} 11 | 12 | unit web3; 13 | 14 | {$MODESWITCH EXTERNALCLASS} 15 | 16 | interface 17 | 18 | uses 19 | // pas2js 20 | JS; 21 | 22 | type // forward declarations 23 | TBlock = class; 24 | TTransactionReceipt = class; 25 | TTransactionResponse = class; 26 | 27 | // Ether has various denominations just like any other currency. Wei is the smallest denomination. 28 | TDenomination = ( 29 | wei, // 1 ether = 1000000000000000000 wei 30 | kwei, // 1 ether = 1000000000000000 kwei 31 | mwei, // 1 ether = 1000000000000 mwei 32 | gwei, // 1 ether = 1000000000 gwei 33 | szabo, // 1 ether = 1000000 szabo 34 | finney, // 1 ether = 1000 finney 35 | ether, // 1 ether = 1 ether 36 | kether, // 1 ether = 0.001 kether 37 | mether, // 1 ether = 0.000001 mether 38 | gether, // 1 ether = 0.000000001 gether 39 | tether // 1 ether = 0.000000000001 tether 40 | ); 41 | 42 | TBigInt = class external name 'BigInt'(TJSObject) 43 | public 44 | function ToString(const base: Integer): string; external name 'toString'; 45 | end; 46 | 47 | TWei = TBigInt; 48 | 49 | {--------------------------------- TNetwork ---------------------------------} 50 | 51 | // TNetwork provides access to a chain's properties and allows for plug-ins to extend functionality. 52 | TNetwork = class external name 'ethers.Network'(TJSObject) 53 | strict private 54 | FChainId: TBigInt; external name 'chainId'; 55 | FName : string; external name 'name'; 56 | public 57 | // The network chain ID, see: chainlist.org 58 | property ChainId: TBigInt read FChainId; 59 | // The network common name. This is the canonical name, as networks migh have multiple names. 60 | property Name: string read FName; 61 | end; 62 | 63 | {--------------------------------- TFeeData ---------------------------------} 64 | 65 | // TFeeData wraps all the fee-related values associated with the network. 66 | TFeeData = class external name 'ethers.FeeData'(TJSObject) 67 | strict private 68 | FGasPrice : TWei; external name 'gasPrice'; 69 | FMaxFeePerGas : TWei; external name 'maxFeePerGas'; 70 | FMaxPriorityFeePerGas: TWei; external name 'maxPriorityFeePerGas'; 71 | public 72 | // The gas price for legacy networks. 73 | property GasPrice: TWei read FGasPrice; 74 | // The maximum fee to pay per gas. 75 | // The base fee per gas is defined by the network and based on congestion, increasing the cost during times of heavy load and lowering when less busy. 76 | // The actual fee per gas will be the base fee for the block and the priority fee, up to the max fee per gas. 77 | // This will be null on legacy (i.e. pre-EIP-1559) networks 78 | property MaxFeePerGas: TWei read FMaxFeePerGas; 79 | // The additional amout to pay per gas to encourage a validator to include the transaction. 80 | // The purpose of this is to compensate the validator for the adjusted risk for including a given transaction. 81 | // This will be null on legacy (i.e. pre-EIP-1559) networks 82 | property MaxPriorityFeePerGas: TWei read FMaxPriorityFeePerGas; 83 | end; 84 | 85 | {------------------------------ TJsonRpcSigner ------------------------------} 86 | 87 | TAbstractSigner = class abstract external name 'ethers.AbstractSigner'(TJSObject); 88 | 89 | TJsonRpcSigner = class external name 'ethers.JsonRpcSigner'(TAbstractSigner) 90 | public 91 | function SendTransaction(const tx: TJSObject): TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'sendTransaction'; 92 | end; 93 | 94 | {--------------------------------- Providers --------------------------------} 95 | 96 | // TAbstractProvider provides a base class for other sub-classes to implement the Provider API 97 | TAbstractProvider = class abstract external name 'ethers.AbstractProvider'(TJSObject) 98 | public 99 | // Get the account balance (in wei) of address. 100 | function GetBalance(const address: string): TWei; async; external name 'getBalance'; overload; 101 | // Get the account balance (in wei) of address. If the node supports archive access for the specified block, the balance is as of that block. 102 | function GetBalance(const address, block: string): TWei; async; external name 'getBalance'; overload; 103 | // Resolves the specified block 104 | function GetBlock(const block: string): TBlock; async; external name 'getBlock'; 105 | // Get the current block number. 106 | function GetBlockNumber: UInt64; async; external name 'getBlockNumber'; 107 | // Get the best guess at the recommended TFeeData. 108 | function GetFeeData: TFeeData; async; external name 'getFeeData'; 109 | // Get the connected TNetwork. 110 | function GetNetwork: TNetwork; async; external name 'getNetwork'; 111 | // Resolves to the transaction for hash. 112 | function GetTransaction(const hash: string): TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'getTransaction'; 113 | // Get the number of transactions ever sent for address. 114 | function GetTransactionCount(const address: string): UInt64; async; external name 'getTransactionCount'; overload; 115 | // Get the number of transactions ever sent for address. If the node supports archive access for the specified block, the transaction count is as of that block. 116 | function GetTransactionCount(const address, block: string): UInt64; async; external name 'getTransactionCount'; overload; 117 | // Resolves to the transaction receipt for transaction hash, if mined. 118 | function GetTransactionReceipt(const hash: string): TTransactionReceipt; async; external name 'getTransactionReceipt'; 119 | // Resolves to the ENS name associated for the address (or null if unconfigured). 120 | function LookupAddress(const address: string): string; async; external name 'lookupAddress'; 121 | // Resolves to the address configured for the ENS name (or null if unconfigured). 122 | function ResolveName(const name: string): string; async; external name 'resolveName'; 123 | // Resolves to the specified block once it has been mined. 124 | function WaitForBlock(const block: string): TBlock; async; external name 'waitForBlock'; 125 | // Waits until the transaction is mined. 126 | function WaitForTransaction(const hash: string): TTransactionReceipt; async; external name 'waitForTransaction'; 127 | end; 128 | 129 | TJsonRpcProvider = class external name 'ethers.JsonRpcApiProvider'(TAbstractProvider) 130 | public 131 | // Resolves the signer managed by MetaMask 132 | function GetSigner: TJsonRpcSigner; async; external name 'getSigner'; 133 | end; 134 | 135 | TBrowserProvider = class external name 'ethers.BrowserProvider'(TJsonRpcProvider) 136 | public 137 | constructor New(const ethereum: JSValue); 138 | end; 139 | TBrowserProviderClass = class of TBrowserProvider; 140 | 141 | {---------------------------------- TBlock ----------------------------------} 142 | 143 | // TBlock represents the data associated with a full block on Ethereum. 144 | TBlock = class external name 'ethers.Block'(TJSObject) 145 | strict private 146 | FBaseFeePerGas: TWei; external name 'baseFeePerGas'; 147 | FDate : TJSDate; external name 'date'; 148 | FDifficulty : TBigInt; external name 'difficulty'; 149 | FExtraData : string; external name 'extraData'; 150 | FGasLimit : TBigInt; external name 'gasLimit'; 151 | FGasUsed : TBigInt; external name 'gasUsed'; 152 | FHash : string; external name 'hash'; 153 | FLength : UInt64; external name 'length'; 154 | FMiner : string; external name 'miner'; 155 | FNumber : UInt64; external name 'number'; 156 | FParentHash : string; external name 'parentHash'; 157 | FProvider : TAbstractProvider; external name 'provider'; 158 | FTimestamp : UInt64; external name 'timestamp'; 159 | FTransactions : TArray; external name 'transactions'; 160 | public 161 | {-------------------------------- methods ---------------------------------} 162 | // Get the transaction at index (or hash) within this block. 163 | function GetTransaction(const index: UInt64): TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'getTransaction'; overload; 164 | function GetTransaction(const hash: string): TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'getTransaction'; overload; 165 | // Returns True if this block is an EIP-2930 block. 166 | function IsLondon: Boolean; external name 'isLondon'; 167 | // Returns True if this block been mined. 168 | function IsMined: Boolean; external name 'isMined'; 169 | {------------------------------- properties -------------------------------} 170 | // The base fee per gas that all transactions in this block were charged. 171 | // This adjusts after each block, depending on how congested the network is. 172 | property BaseFeePerGas: TWei read FBaseFeePerGas; 173 | // The date this block was included at. 174 | property Date: TJSDate read FDate; 175 | // The difficulty target. 176 | // On legacy networks, this is the proof-of-work target required for a block to meet the protocol rules to be included. 177 | property Difficulty: TBigInt read FDifficulty; 178 | // Any extra data the validator wished to include. 179 | property ExtraData: string read FExtraData; 180 | // The total gas limit for this block. 181 | property GasLimit: TBigInt read FGasLimit; 182 | // The total gas used in this block. 183 | property GasUsed: TBigInt read FGasUsed; 184 | // The block hash. 185 | property Hash: string read FHash; 186 | // The number of transactions in this block. 187 | property Length: UInt64 read FLength; 188 | // The miner coinbase address, which receives any subsidies for including this block. 189 | property Miner: string read FMiner; 190 | // The block number, sometimes called the block height. This is a sequential number that is one higher than the parent block. 191 | property Number: UInt64 read FNumber; 192 | // The block hash of the parent block. 193 | property ParentHash: string read FParentHash; 194 | // The provider connected to the block used to fetch additional details if necessary. 195 | property Provider: TAbstractProvider read FProvider; 196 | // The timestamp for this block, which is the number of seconds since epoch that this block was included. 197 | property Timestamp: UInt64 read FTimestamp; 198 | // Returns the list of transaction hashes, in the order they were executed within the block. 199 | property Transactions: TArray read FTransactions; 200 | end; 201 | 202 | {---------------- TTransactionResponse & TTransactionReceipt ----------------} 203 | 204 | // ECDSA signature with its (r, s) properties. Supports DER & compact representations. 205 | TSignature = class external name 'ethers.Signature'(TJSObject); 206 | 207 | // TTransactionResponse includes all properties about a transaction that was sent to the network, which may or may not be included in a block. 208 | TTransactionResponse = class external name 'ethers.TransactionResponse'(TJSObject) 209 | strict private 210 | FBlockHash : string; external name 'blockHash'; 211 | FBlockNumber : UInt64; external name 'blockNumber'; 212 | FChainId : TBigInt; external name 'chainId'; 213 | FData : string; external name 'data'; 214 | FFrom : string; external name 'from'; 215 | FGasLimit : TBigInt; external name 'gasLimit'; 216 | FGasPrice : TWei; external name 'gasPrice'; 217 | FHash : string; external name 'hash'; 218 | FIndex : UInt64; external name 'index'; 219 | FMaxFeePerGas : TWei; external name 'maxFeePerGas'; 220 | FMaxPriorityFeePerGas: TWei; external name 'maxPriorityFeePerGas'; 221 | FNonce : UInt64; external name 'nonce'; 222 | FProvider : TAbstractProvider external name 'provider'; 223 | FSignature : TSignature; external name 'signature'; 224 | FTo : string; external name 'to'; 225 | FType : UInt8; external name 'type'; 226 | FValue : TWei; external name 'value'; 227 | public 228 | {-------------------------------- methods ---------------------------------} 229 | // Resolves to the number of confirmations this transaction has. 230 | function Confirmations: UInt64; async; external name 'confirmations'; 231 | // Resolves to the block that this transaction was included in. This will return null if the transaction has not been included yet. 232 | function GetBlock: TBlock; async; external name 'getBlock'; 233 | // Resolves to this transaction being re-requested from the provider. 234 | // This can be used if you have an unmined transaction and wish to get an up-to-date populated instance. 235 | function GetTransaction: TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'getTransaction'; 236 | // Returns True if the transaction is a Berlin (i.e. type == 1) transaction. 237 | function IsBerlin: Boolean; external name 'isBerlin'; 238 | // Returns True if the transaction is a Cancun (i.e. type == 3) transaction. 239 | function IsCancun: Boolean; external name 'isCancun'; 240 | // Returns True if the transaction is a legacy (i.e. type == 0) transaction. 241 | function IsLegacy: Boolean; external name 'isLegacy'; 242 | // Returns True if the transaction is a London (i.e. type == 2) transaction. 243 | function IsLondon: Boolean; external name 'isLondon'; 244 | // Returns True if this transaction has been included with a block. This is effective only as of the time the TTransactionResponse was instantiated. 245 | function IsMined: Boolean; external name 'isMined'; 246 | // Resolves once this transaction has been mined. 247 | function Wait: TTransactionReceipt; async; external name 'wait'; 248 | {------------------------------- properties -------------------------------} 249 | // The blockHash of the block that this transaction was included in. This is "null" for pending transactions. 250 | property BlockHash: string read FBlockHash; 251 | // The block number of the block that this transaction was included in. This is "null" for pending transactions. 252 | property BlockNumber: UInt64 read FBlockNumber; 253 | // The chain ID, see: chainlist.org 254 | property ChainId: TBigInt read FChainId; 255 | // The transaction data. 256 | property Data: string read FData; 257 | // The sender of this transaction. 258 | property From: string read FFrom; 259 | // The maximum units of gas this transaction can consume. If execution exceeds this, the transaction is reverted and the sender is charged for the full amount, despite no state changes being made. 260 | property GasLimit: TBigInt read FGasLimit; 261 | // The gas price can have various values, depending on the network. 262 | // In modern networks, for transactions that are included this is the effective gas price (the fee per gas that was actually charged), while for transactions that have not been included yet is the maxFeePerGas. 263 | // For legacy transactions, or transactions on legacy networks, this is the fee that will be charged per unit of gas the transaction consumes. 264 | property GasPrice: TWei read FGasPrice; 265 | // The transaction hash. 266 | property Hash: string read FHash; 267 | // The index within the block that this transaction resides at. 268 | property Index: UInt64 read FIndex; 269 | // The maximum fee (per unit of gas) to allow this transaction to charge the sender. 270 | property MaxFeePerGas: TWei read FMaxFeePerGas; 271 | // The maximum priority fee (per unit of gas) to allow a validator to charge the sender. 272 | property MaxPriorityFeePerGas: TWei read FMaxPriorityFeePerGas; 273 | // The nonce, which is used to prevent replay attacks and offer a method to ensure transactions from a given sender are explicitly ordered. 274 | // When sending a transaction, this must be equal to the number of transactions ever sent by the sender. 275 | property Nonce: UInt64 read FNonce; 276 | // The provider this is connected to, which will influence how its methods will resolve its async inspection methods. 277 | property Provider: TAbstractProvider read FProvider; 278 | // The signature for this transaction. 279 | property Signature: TSignature read FSignature; 280 | // The receiver of this transaction. 281 | property &To: string read FTo; 282 | // The EIP-2718 transaction envelope type. This is 0 for legacy transactions types. 283 | property &Type: UInt8 read FType; 284 | // The value of this transaction in wei. 285 | property Value: TWei read FValue; 286 | end; 287 | 288 | // TTransactionReceipt includes additional information about a transaction that is only available after it has been mined. 289 | TTransactionReceipt = class external name 'ethers.TransactionReceipt'(TJSObject) 290 | strict private 291 | FBlockHash : string; external name 'blockHash'; 292 | FBlockNumber : UInt64; external name 'blockNumber'; 293 | FContractAddress : string; external name 'contractAddress'; 294 | FCumulativeGasUsed: TBigInt; external name 'cumulativeGasUsed'; 295 | FFee : TWei; external name 'fee'; 296 | FFrom : string; external name 'from'; 297 | FGasPrice : TWei; external name 'gasPrice'; 298 | FGasUsed : TBigInt; external name 'gasUsed'; 299 | FHash : string; external name 'hash'; 300 | FIndex : UInt64; external name 'index'; 301 | FProvider : TAbstractProvider; external name 'provider'; 302 | FStatus : UInt8; external name 'status'; 303 | FTo : string; external name 'to'; 304 | FType : UInt8; external name 'type'; 305 | public 306 | {-------------------------------- methods ---------------------------------} 307 | // Resolves to the number of confirmations this transaction has. 308 | function Confirmations: UInt64; async; external name 'confirmations'; 309 | // Resolves to the block this transaction occurred in. 310 | function GetBlock: TBlock; async; external name 'getBlock'; 311 | // Resolves to the transaction this transaction occurred in. 312 | function GetTransaction: TTransactionResponse; async; external name 'getTransaction'; 313 | {------------------------------- properties -------------------------------} 314 | // The block hash of the block this transaction was included in. 315 | property BlockHash: string read FBlockHash; 316 | // The block number of the block this transaction was included in. 317 | property BlockNumber: UInt64 read FBlockNumber; 318 | // The address of the contract if the transaction was directly responsible for deploying one. 319 | property ContractAddress: string read FContractAddress; 320 | // The amount of gas used by all transactions within the block for this and all transactions with a lower index. 321 | property CumulativeGasUsed: TBigInt read FCumulativeGasUsed; 322 | // The total fee for this transaction, in wei. 323 | property Fee: TWei read FFee; 324 | // The sender of the transaction. 325 | property From: string read FFrom; 326 | // The actual gas price used during execution. 327 | // Due to the complexity of EIP-1559 this value can only be calculated after the transaction has been mined, since the base fee is protocol-enforced. 328 | property GasPrice: TWei read FGasPrice; 329 | // The actual amount of gas used by this transaction. 330 | property GasUsed: TBigInt read FGasUsed; 331 | // The transaction hash. 332 | property Hash: string read FHash; 333 | // The index of this transaction within the block. 334 | property Index: UInt64 read FIndex; 335 | // The provider connected to the log used to fetch additional details if necessary. 336 | property Provider: TAbstractProvider read FProvider; 337 | // The status of this transaction, indicating success (i.e. 1) or a revert (i.e. 0) 338 | property Status: UInt8 read FStatus; 339 | // The address the transaction was sent to. 340 | property &To: string read FTo; 341 | // The EIP-2718 transaction type. 342 | property &Type: UInt8 read FType; 343 | end; 344 | 345 | {--------------------------------- TEthers ----------------------------------} 346 | 347 | TEthers = class external name 'ethers'(TJSObject) 348 | strict private 349 | FBrowserProvider: TBrowserProviderClass; external name 'BrowserProvider'; 350 | FVersion: string; external name 'version'; 351 | public 352 | // Returns True if value is a valid address. 353 | function IsAddress(const value: string): Boolean; external name 'isAddress'; 354 | // Convert ether (string) to wei & convert wei into ether (string) 355 | function ParseEther(const ether: string): TWei; external name 'parseEther'; 356 | function FormatEther(const wei: TWei): string; external name 'formatEther'; 357 | // Convert decimal string to wei & convert wei into a decimal string 358 | function ParseUnits(const value: string; const decimals: UInt8): TWei; external name 'parseUnits'; 359 | function FormatUnits(const value: TWei; const decimals: UInt8): string; external name 'formatUnits'; 360 | // The default provider, which is backed by a variety of third-party services (such as Infura, for example) 361 | function GetDefaultProvider: TJsonRpcProvider; external name 'getDefaultProvider'; 362 | // TBrowserProvider is intended to wrap an injected provider which adheres to the EIP-1193 standard 363 | property BrowserProvider: TBrowserProviderClass read FBrowserProvider; 364 | // The current version of Ethers 365 | property Version: string read FVersion; 366 | end; 367 | 368 | function WeiToHex(const value: TWei): string; // converts wei to a hexadecimal string 369 | function HexToWei(const value: string): TWei; // converts a hexadecimal string to wei 370 | 371 | function StrToWei(const value: string; const from: TDenomination): TWei; // convert decimal string to wei 372 | function WeiToStr(const value: TWei; const &to: TDenomination): string; // convert wei to decimal string 373 | 374 | function Transaction(const &to: string; const value: TWei; const data: string = '0x'): TJSObject; overload; 375 | function Transaction(const from, &to: string; const value: TWei; const data: string = '0x'): TJSObject; overload; 376 | 377 | const 378 | MaxUint256: TBigInt; external name 'ethers.MaxUint256'; // constant for the maximum value for an uint256 379 | MinInt256 : TBigInt; external name 'ethers.MinInt256'; // constant for the minimum value for an int256 380 | MaxInt256 : TBigInt; external name 'ethers.MaxInt256'; // constant for the maximum value for an int256 381 | 382 | const 383 | Ethers : TEthers; external name 'window.ethers'; // injected by ethers.js 384 | Ethereum: JSValue; external name 'window.ethereum'; // injected by your crypto wallet (probably MetaMask) 385 | 386 | const 387 | // To remember the differences between the block tags you can think of them in the order of oldest to newest block numbers: earliest < finalized < safe < latest < pending 388 | BLOCK_EARLIEST = 'earliest'; // The lowest numbered block the client has available. Intuitively, you can think of this as the first block created. 389 | BLOCK_FINALIZED = 'finalized'; // The most recent crypto-economically secure block, that has been accepted by >2/3 of validators. Typically finalized in two epochs. Cannot be re-orged outside of manual intervention driven by community coordination. Intuitively, this block is very unlikely to be re-orged. 390 | BLOCK_SAFE = 'safe'; // The most recent crypto-economically secure block, cannot be re-orged outside of manual intervention driven by community coordination. Intuitively, this block is "unlikely" to be re-orged. 391 | BLOCK_LATEST = 'latest'; // The most recent block in the canonical chain observed by the client, this block may be re-orged out of the canonical chain even under healthy/normal conditions. Intuitively, this block is the most recent block observed by the client. 392 | BLOCK_PENDING = 'pending'; // A sample next block built by the client on top of latest and containing the set of transactions usually taken from local mempool. Intuitively, you can think of these as blocks that have not been mined yet. 393 | // safe and finalized are new blog tags introduced after The Merge that define commitment levels for block finality. Unlike latest which increments one block at a time (ex 101, 102, 103), safe and finalized increment every "epoch" (32 blocks), which is every ~6 minutes assuming an average ~12 second block times. 394 | 395 | implementation 396 | 397 | const 398 | Decimals: array[TDenomination] of UInt8 = ( 399 | 0, // wei 400 | 3, // kwei 401 | 6, // mwei 402 | 9, // gwei 403 | 12, // szabo 404 | 15, // finney 405 | 18, // ether 406 | 21, // kether 407 | 24, // mether 408 | 27, // gether 409 | 30); // tether 410 | 411 | function WeiToHex(const value: TWei): string; 412 | begin 413 | Result := '0x' + value.ToString(16); 414 | end; 415 | 416 | function HexToWei(const value: string): TWei; 417 | asm 418 | return BigInt(value); 419 | end; 420 | 421 | function StrToWei(const value: string; const from: TDenomination): TWei; 422 | begin 423 | Result := Ethers.ParseUnits(value, Decimals[from]); 424 | end; 425 | 426 | function WeiToStr(const value: TWei; const &to: TDenomination): string; 427 | begin 428 | Result := Ethers.FormatUnits(value, Decimals[&to]); 429 | end; 430 | 431 | function Transaction(const &to: string; const value: TWei; const data: string): TJSObject; 432 | begin 433 | Result := TJSObject.New; 434 | Result['to'] := &to; 435 | Result['value'] := value; 436 | Result['data'] := data; 437 | end; 438 | 439 | function Transaction(const from, &to: string; const value: TWei; const data: string): TJSObject; 440 | begin 441 | Result := web3.Transaction(&to, value, data); 442 | Result['from'] := from; 443 | end; 444 | 445 | end. 446 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------