├── .npmrc ├── .github └── workflows │ ├── build.yml │ └── deploy.yaml ├── package.json ├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── spec.emu ├── README.md └── resizable-buffer-biblio.json /.npmrc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package-lock=false 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/build.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: Build spec 2 | 3 | on: pull_request 4 | 5 | jobs: 6 | build: 7 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 8 | 9 | steps: 10 | - uses: actions/checkout@v2 11 | - uses: actions/setup-node@v3 12 | with: 13 | node-version: 16 14 | - run: npm install 15 | - run: npm run build 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/deploy.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: Deploy gh-pages 2 | 3 | on: 4 | push: 5 | branches: 6 | - main 7 | 8 | jobs: 9 | deploy: 10 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 11 | 12 | steps: 13 | - uses: actions/checkout@v2 14 | - uses: actions/setup-node@v3 15 | with: 16 | node-version: 16 17 | - run: npm install 18 | - run: npm run build 19 | - uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@v4.3.3 20 | with: 21 | branch: gh-pages 22 | folder: build 23 | clean: true 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /package.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "private": true, 3 | "name": "proposal-arraybuffer-transfer", 4 | "description": "ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer and friends", 5 | "scripts": { 6 | "start": "npm run build-loose -- --watch", 7 | "build": "npm run build-loose -- --strict", 8 | "build-loose": "node -e 'fs.mkdirSync(\"build\", { recursive: true })' && ecmarkup --load-biblio @tc39/ecma262-biblio --load-biblio ./resizable-buffer-biblio.json --verbose spec.emu build/index.html --lint-spec" 9 | }, 10 | "homepage": "https://github.com/tc39/proposal-arraybuffer-transfer", 11 | "repository": { 12 | "type": "git", 13 | "url": "git+https://github.com/tc39/proposal-arraybuffer-transfer.git" 14 | }, 15 | "license": "MIT", 16 | "devDependencies": { 17 | "@tc39/ecma262-biblio": "^2.1.2632", 18 | "ecmarkup": "^14.1.3" 19 | } 20 | } 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Logs 2 | logs 3 | *.log 4 | npm-debug.log* 5 | 6 | # Runtime data 7 | pids 8 | *.pid 9 | *.seed 10 | 11 | # Directory for instrumented libs generated by jscoverage/JSCover 12 | lib-cov 13 | 14 | # Coverage directory used by tools like istanbul 15 | coverage 16 | 17 | # nyc test coverage 18 | .nyc_output 19 | 20 | # Grunt intermediate storage (http://gruntjs.com/creating-plugins#storing-task-files) 21 | .grunt 22 | 23 | # node-waf configuration 24 | .lock-wscript 25 | 26 | # Compiled binary addons (http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html) 27 | build/Release 28 | 29 | # Dependency directories 30 | node_modules 31 | jspm_packages 32 | 33 | # Optional npm cache directory 34 | .npm 35 | 36 | # Optional REPL history 37 | .node_repl_history 38 | 39 | # Only apps should have lockfiles 40 | yarn.lock 41 | package-lock.json 42 | npm-shrinkwrap.json 43 | pnpm-lock.yaml 44 | 45 | # Build directory 46 | build 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | MIT License 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2017 ECMA TC39 and contributors 4 | 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 11 | 12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 14 | 15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 21 | SOFTWARE. 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /spec.emu: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 
 7 | title: ArrayBuffer transfer
 8 | status: proposal
 9 | stage: 4
10 | contributors: Shu-yu Guo, Jordan Harband, Yagiz Nizipli
11 | location: https://github.com/tc39/proposal-arraybuffer-transfer
12 | copyright: false
13 | markEffects: true
14 |
15 | 16 | 17 |

Abstract Operations for ArrayBuffer Objects

18 | 19 | 20 |

21 | 22 | ArrayBufferCopyAndDetach ( 23 | _arrayBuffer_: an ECMAScript language value, 24 | _newLength_: an ECMAScript language value, 25 | _preserveResizability_: ~preserve-resizability~ or ~fixed-length~, 26 | ): either a normal completion containing an ArrayBuffer or a throw completion 27 | 28 |

29 |
30 |
31 | 32 | 33 | 1. Perform ? RequireInternalSlot(_arrayBuffer_, [[ArrayBufferData]]). 34 | 1. If IsSharedArrayBuffer(_arrayBuffer_) is *true*, throw a *TypeError* exception. 35 | 1. If _newLength_ is *undefined*, then 36 | 1. Let _newByteLength_ be _arrayBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]]. 37 | 1. Else, 38 | 1. Let _newByteLength_ be ? ToIndex(_newLength_). 39 | 1. If IsDetachedBuffer(_arrayBuffer_) is *true*, throw a *TypeError* exception. 40 | 1. If _preserveResizability_ is ~preserve-resizability~ and IsResizableArrayBuffer(_arrayBuffer_) is *true*, then 41 | 1. Let _newMaxByteLength_ be _arrayBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferMaxByteLength]]. 42 | 1. Else, 43 | 1. Let _newMaxByteLength_ be ~empty~. 44 | 1. If _arrayBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferDetachKey]] is not *undefined*, throw a *TypeError* exception. 45 | 1. Let _newBuffer_ be ? AllocateArrayBuffer(%ArrayBuffer%, _newByteLength_, _newMaxByteLength_). 46 | 1. Let _copyLength_ be min(_newByteLength_, _arrayBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferByteLength]]). 47 | 1. Let _fromBlock_ be _arrayBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferData]]. 48 | 1. Let _toBlock_ be _newBuffer_.[[ArrayBufferData]]. 49 | 1. Perform CopyDataBlockBytes(_toBlock_, 0, _fromBlock_, 0, _copyLength_). 50 | 1. NOTE: Neither creation of the new Data Block nor copying from the old Data Block are observable. Implementations may implement this method as a zero-copy move or a `realloc`. 51 | 1. Perform ! DetachArrayBuffer(_arrayBuffer_). 52 | 1. Return _newBuffer_. 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 |

Properties of the ArrayBuffer Prototype Object

60 | 61 | 62 |

get ArrayBuffer.prototype.detached

63 |

`ArrayBuffer.prototype.detached` is an accessor property whose set accessor function is *undefined*. Its get accessor function performs the following steps:

64 | 65 | 1. Let _O_ be the *this* value. 66 | 1. Perform ? RequireInternalSlot(_O_, [[ArrayBufferData]]). 67 | 1. If IsSharedArrayBuffer(_O_) is *true*, throw a *TypeError* exception. 68 | 1. Return IsDetachedBuffer(_O_). 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 |

ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer ( [ _newLength_ ] )

74 |

This method performs the following steps when called:

75 | 76 | 1. Let _O_ be the *this* value. 77 | 1. Return ? ArrayBufferCopyAndDetach(_O_, _newLength_, ~preserve-resizability~). 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 |

ArrayBuffer.prototype.transferToFixedLength ( [ _newLength_ ] )

83 |

This method performs the following steps when called:

84 | 85 | 1. Let _O_ be the *this* value. 86 | 1. Return ? ArrayBufferCopyAndDetach(_O_, _newLength_, ~fixed-length~). 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # `ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer` and friends 2 | 3 | Stage: 4 ([included in ES2024](https://github.com/tc39/ecma262/pull/3175)). **This repository is no longer active.** 4 | 5 | Author: Shu-yu Guo (@syg) 6 | 7 | Champion: Shu-yu Guo (@syg), Jordan Harband (@ljharb), Yagiz Nizipli (@anonrig) 8 | 9 | ## Introduction 10 | 11 | `ArrayBuffer`s may be transferred and detached by HTML's serialization algorithms, but there lacks a programmatic JS API for the same expressivity. A programmatic API is useful for programming patterns such as transferring ownership of `ArrayBuffer`s, optimized reallocations (i.e. `realloc` semantics), and fixing resizable `ArrayBuffer`s into fixed-length ones. This proposal fills out this expressivity by adding new methods to `ArrayBuffer.prototype`. 12 | 13 | This proposal is spun out of the [resizable buffers proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-resizablearraybuffer/issues/113). At the time of spinning out, resizable buffers was Stage 3, and this proposal was demoted to Stage 2. 14 | 15 | 16 | ## API 17 | 18 | ```javascript 19 | class ArrayBuffer { 20 | // ... existing stuff 21 | 22 | // Returns a new ArrayBuffer with the same byte content 23 | // as this buffer for [0, min(this.byteLength, newByteLength)], 24 | // then detaches this buffer. 25 | // 26 | // The maximum byte length and thus the resizability of this buffer 27 | // is preserved in the new ArrayBuffer. 28 | // 29 | // Any new memory is zeroed. 30 | // 31 | // If newByteLength is undefined, it is set to this.bytelength. 32 | // 33 | // Designed to be implementable as a copy-free move or a realloc. 34 | // 35 | // Throws a RangeError unless all of the following are satisfied: 36 | // - 0 <= newByteLength 37 | // - If this buffer is resizable, newByteLength <= this.maxByteLength 38 | transfer(newByteLength); 39 | 40 | // Like transfer, except always returns a non-resizable ArrayBuffer. 41 | transferToFixedLength(newByteLength); 42 | 43 | // Returns whether this ArrayBuffer is detached. 44 | get detached(); 45 | } 46 | ``` 47 | 48 | ## Motivation and use cases 49 | 50 | ### Ownership 51 | 52 | A "move and detach original `ArrayBuffer`" method can be used to implement ownership semantics when working with `ArrayBuffer`s. This is useful in many situations, such as disallowing other users from modifying a buffer when writing into it. 53 | 54 | For example, consider the following example from @domenic from the original transfer proposal: 55 | 56 | ```javascript 57 | function validateAndWrite(arrayBuffer) { 58 | // Do some asynchronous validation. 59 | await validate(arrayBuffer); 60 | 61 | // Assuming we've got here, it's valid; write it to disk. 62 | await fs.writeFile("data.bin", arrayBuffer); 63 | } 64 | 65 | const data = new Uint8Array([0x01, 0x02, 0x03]); 66 | validateAndWrite(data.buffer); 67 | setTimeout(() => { 68 | data[0] = data[1] = data[2] = 0x00; 69 | }, 50); 70 | ``` 71 | 72 | Depending on the time taken for `await validate(arrayBuffer)`, the validation result may be stale due to the callback passed to `setTimeout`. A defensive approach would copy the input first, but this is markedly less performant: 73 | 74 | ```javascript 75 | function validateAndWriteSafeButSlow(arrayBuffer) { 76 | // Copy first! 77 | const copy = arrayBuffer.slice(); 78 | 79 | await validate(copy); 80 | await fs.writeFile("data.bin", copy); 81 | } 82 | ``` 83 | 84 | With `transfer`, the ownership transfer can be succinctly expressed: 85 | 86 | ```javascript 87 | function validateAndWriteSafeAndFast(arrayBuffer) { 88 | // Transfer to take ownership, which implementations can choose to 89 | // implement as a zero-copy move. 90 | const owned = arrayBuffer.transfer(); 91 | 92 | // arrayBuffer is detached after this point. 93 | assert(arrayBuffer.detached); 94 | 95 | await validate(owned); 96 | await fs.writeFile("data.bin", owned); 97 | } 98 | ``` 99 | 100 | ### Realloc 101 | 102 | The same `transfer` API, when passing a `newByteLength` argument, can double to have the same expressivity as [`realloc`](https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/memory/realloc). Operating systems often implement `realloc` more efficiently than a copy. 103 | 104 | ### Fixing resizable buffers to be fixed-length 105 | 106 | The `transferToFixedLength` method is a variant of `transfer` that always returns a fixed-length `ArrayBuffer`. This is useful in cases when the new buffer no longers needs resizability, allowing implementations to free up virtual memory if resizable buffers were implemented in-place (i.e. address space is reserved up front). 107 | 108 | ### Checking detachedness 109 | 110 | Owing to the [messy history](https://esdiscuss.org/topic/arraybuffer-neutering) of TypedArray and `ArrayBuffer` standardization, and preservation of web compatibility, TypedArray views on detached buffers throw for some operations (e.g. prototype methods), and return sentinel values (`0` or `undefined`) for others (e.g. indexed access and length). 111 | 112 | The `detached` getter is added to authoritatively determine whether an `ArrayBuffer` is detached. 113 | 114 | Currently, there isn't any performant way of detecting whether an `ArrayBuffer` is detached. The following implementation is an example of how the detachedness can be detected, but has some flaws in V8: functions with try catch blocks are not inlined in V8. See also [this Node internal comment](https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/main/lib/querystring.js#L472). 115 | 116 | ```javascript 117 | const assert = require('node:assert') 118 | 119 | function isBufferDetached(buffer) { 120 | if (buffer.byteLength === 0) { 121 | try { 122 | new Uint8Array(buffer); 123 | } catch (error) { 124 | assert(error.name === 'TypeError'); 125 | return true; 126 | } 127 | } 128 | return false 129 | } 130 | ``` 131 | 132 | ## FAQ and design rationale tradeoffs 133 | 134 | ### Why do both `transfer` and `transferToFixedLength` exist instead of a single, more flexible method? 135 | 136 | Most folks seem to have the intuition that the move semantics, being the primary use case, ought to preserve resizability. Transferring `ArrayBuffer`s in HTML serialization preserves resizability, and symmetry with that is good for intuition. 137 | 138 | A flexible `transfer` also complicates the API design for a more minority use case, thus the separate `transferToFixedLength` method. 139 | 140 | ### Why can't I pass a new `maxByteLength` to `transfer`? 141 | 142 | One of the goals of `transfer`, in addition to detach semantics, is to be more efficiently implementable than a copy in user code. It is not clear to the author that for resizable buffers implemented in-place, reallocation of the virtual memory pages is possible and efficient on all popular operating systems. 143 | 144 | And besides it adds complexity in service of a more minority use case. Resizable buffers ought to be allocated with sufficient maximum size from the start. 145 | 146 | ### If performance is the goal, why add new methods instead of implementing copy-on-write (CoW) as a transparent optimization? 147 | 148 | In a word, security. 149 | 150 | `ArrayBuffer`s are a very popular attack vector for exploiting JavaScript engines. An important security mitigation engines employ is to ensure the `ArrayBuffer`'s data pointer is constant and does not move. For this same reason, resizable buffers are specified to allow in-place implementation. 151 | 152 | CoW `ArrayBuffer`s may be implemented by moving the data pointer. When the CoW `ArrayBuffer` is modified, new memory is allocated and the backing store is updated. However, this conflicts with the security mitigation. 153 | 154 | It is possible to both implement copy-on-write `ArrayBuffer`s and keep the "fixed data pointer" security mitigation only with additional help from the underlying operating system: by mapping new virtual memory that is marked as CoW and initially point to the same physical pages as the source buffer. This technique is, however, not portable. 155 | 156 | At this time, Google Chrome deems this mitigation important enough for security to not implement CoW `ArrayBuffer`s. 157 | 158 | ### How is `get detached()` used in browsers and in runtimes? 159 | 160 | - Node.js [discussed adding a public API](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/45512) for `get detached()` 161 | - WebKit has [`isDetached`](https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/6545977030f491dd87b3ae9fd666f6b949ae8a74/Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/ArrayBuffer.h#L308) in internal `ArrayBuffer` class 162 | - V8 added [`v8::ArrayBuffer::WasDetached`](https://github.com/v8/v8/commit/9df5ef70ff18977b157028fc55ced5af4bcee535) which was later [backported to Node.js](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/45568) and used in Node webstreams. 163 | 164 | ### How is `transfer` used in browsers and in runtimes? 165 | 166 | Most browsers use `detach()` as the name for detaching `ArrayBuffer`s. 167 | 168 | - V8 has `Detach()` as [`v8::ArrayBuffer::Detach()`](https://v8docs.nodesource.com/node-18.2/d5/d6e/classv8_1_1_array_buffer.html#abb7a2b60240651d16e17d02eb6f636cf) 169 | - WebKit has [`void detach()`](https://github.com/WebKit/WebKit/blob/6545977030f491dd87b3ae9fd666f6b949ae8a74/Source/JavaScriptCore/runtime/ArrayBuffer.h#L307) 170 | - Node.js [has an internal implementation](https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/22c645d411b7cba9e7b0d578a3e7108147a5d89e/lib/internal/webstreams/util.js#L131) to support detaching internal buffers called `transferArrayBuffer`, and used in Node webstream. 171 | 172 | ## Open questions 173 | 174 | ### Do we really need `transferToFixedLength`? 175 | 176 | Feels nice to round out the expressivity, but granted the use case here isn't as compelling as `transfer`. 177 | 178 | ## History and acknowledgment 179 | 180 | Thanks to: 181 | - @domenic for https://github.com/domenic/proposal-arraybuffer-transfer/tree/HEAD~1 182 | 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