39 |
40 |BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
42 |43 |
44 |47 | busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or48 |
49 | <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked50 |
51 |
52 |BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single 55 | small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities 56 | you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox 57 | generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the 58 | options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very 59 | much like their GNU counterparts.
60 |BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. 61 | It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or 62 | features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded 63 | systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. 64 | BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded 65 | system.
66 |BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the 67 | components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make 68 | menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run 69 | 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
70 |After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install 71 | BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory 72 | specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set when configuring BusyBox, 73 | or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a 74 | command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled 75 | any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will 76 | also be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.
77 |78 |
79 |BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program 82 | that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there 83 | is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large 84 | number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in 85 | utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common 86 | operations.
87 |You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the 88 | command line. For example, entering
89 |90 | /bin/busybox ls91 |
will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
92 |Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most 93 | people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
94 |For example, entering
95 |96 | ln -s /bin/busybox ls 97 | ./ls98 |
will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled 99 | into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these 100 | links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run 101 | the 'make install' command.
102 |If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the 103 | applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
104 |105 |
106 |Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse runtime 109 | description of their behavior. If the CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has 110 | been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.
111 |112 |
113 |Currently available applets include:
116 |117 | [, [[, acpid, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, ar, arp, arping, ash, 118 | awk, basename, beep, blkid, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, 119 | catv, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst, chroot, 120 | chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crond, crontab, 121 | cryptpw, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, 122 | devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, 123 | dos2unix, dpkg, du, dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, 124 | env, envdir, envuidgid, expand, expr, fakeidentd, false, fbset, 125 | fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, flash_lock, 126 | flash_unlock, fold, free, freeramdisk, fsck, fsck.minix, fsync, 127 | ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, getty, grep, gunzip, gzip, hd, 128 | hdparm, head, hexdump, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock, id, 129 | ifconfig, ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, inotifyd, 130 | insmod, install, ionice, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, 131 | iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd, 132 | last, length, less, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, 133 | loadkmap, logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, 134 | ls, lsattr, lsmod, lzmacat, lzop, lzopcat, makemime, man, md5sum, 135 | mdev, mesg, microcom, mkdir, mkdosfs, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, 136 | mknod, mkpasswd, mkswap, mktemp, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, 137 | mt, mv, nameif, nc, netstat, nice, nmeter, nohup, nslookup, od, 138 | openvt, passwd, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pipe_progress, 139 | pivot_root, pkill, popmaildir, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pwd, 140 | raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readlink, readprofile, realpath, 141 | reformime, renice, reset, resize, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, 142 | rpm2cpio, rtcwake, run-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, 143 | scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole, setfont, 144 | setkeycodes, setlogcons, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, 145 | sha512sum, showkey, slattach, sleep, softlimit, sort, split, 146 | start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su, sulogin, sum, sv, 147 | svlogd, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, 148 | tail, tar, taskset, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, 149 | time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, tty, ttysize, 150 | udhcpc, udhcpd, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq, 151 | unix2dos, unlzma, unlzop, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, 152 | vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, watch, watchdog, wc, wget, which, who, 153 | whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, zcip154 |
155 |
156 |acpid [-d] [-c CONFDIR] [-l LOGFILE] [-e PROC_EVENT_FILE] [EVDEV_EVENT_FILE...]
163 |Listen to ACPI events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
164 |Options:
165 |166 | -d Do not daemonize and log to stderr 167 | -c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi] 168 | -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event] 169 | -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]170 |
Accept and ignore compatibility options -g -m -s -S -v
171 |addgroup [-g GID] [user_name] group_name
176 |Add a group or add a user to a group
177 |Options:
178 |179 | -g GID Group id 180 | -S Create a system group181 |
adduser [OPTIONS] user_name
186 |Add a user
187 |Options:
188 |189 | -h DIR Home directory 190 | -g GECOS GECOS field 191 | -s SHELL Login shell 192 | -G GRP Add user to existing group 193 | -S Create a system user 194 | -D Do not assign a password 195 | -H Do not create home directory 196 | -u UID User id197 |
adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick]
202 |Read and optionally set system timebase parameters. See adjtimex(2).
Options:
204 |205 | -q Quiet 206 | -o offset Time offset, microseconds 207 | -f frequency Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm) 208 | (positive values make clock run faster) 209 | -t tick Microseconds per tick, usually 10000 210 | -p timeconstant211 |
ar [-o] [-v] [-p] [-t] [-x] ARCHIVE FILES
216 |Extract or list FILES from an ar archive
217 |Options:
218 |219 | -o Preserve original dates 220 | -p Extract to stdout 221 | -t List 222 | -x Extract 223 | -v Verbose224 |
| arp 229 | | |
| [-vn] | [-H type] [-i if] -a [hostname] 230 | |
| [-v] | [-i if] -d hostname [pub] 231 | |
| [-v] | [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [temp] 232 | |
| [-v] | [-H type] [-i if] -s hostname hw_addr [netmask nm] pub 233 | |
| [-v] | [-H type] [-i if] -Ds hostname ifa [netmask nm] pub |
Manipulate ARP cache
235 |Options:
236 |237 | -a Display (all) hosts 238 | -s Set new ARP entry 239 | -d Delete a specified entry 240 | -v Verbose 241 | -n Don't resolve names 242 | -i IF Network interface 243 | -D Read <hwaddr> from given device 244 | -A, -p AF Protocol family 245 | -H HWTYPE Hardware address type246 |
arping [-fqbDUA] [-c count] [-w timeout] [-I dev] [-s sender] target
251 |Send ARP requests/replies
252 |Options:
253 |254 | -f Quit on first ARP reply 255 | -q Quiet 256 | -b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast 257 | -D Duplicated address detection mode 258 | -U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors 259 | -A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors 260 | -c N Stop after sending N ARP requests 261 | -w timeout Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds 262 | -I dev Interface to use (default eth0) 263 | -s sender Sender IP address 264 | target Target IP address265 |
awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...
270 |Options:
271 |272 | -v VAR=VAL Set variable 273 | -F SEP Use SEP as field separator 274 | -f FILE Read program from file275 |
basename FILE [SUFFIX]
280 |Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE
281 |beep -f freq -l length -d delay -r repetitions -n
286 |Options:
287 |288 | -f Frequency in Hz 289 | -l Length in ms 290 | -d Delay in ms 291 | -r Repetitions 292 | -n Start new tone293 |
blkid
298 |Print UUIDs of all filesystems
299 |brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [INTERFACE]]
304 |Manage ethernet bridges
305 |Commands:
306 |307 | show Show a list of bridges 308 | addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE 309 | delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE 310 | addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE 311 | delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE 312 | setageing BRIDGE TIME Set ageing time 313 | setfd BRIDGE TIME Set bridge forward delay 314 | sethello BRIDGE TIME Set hello time 315 | setmaxage BRIDGE TIME Set max message age 316 | setpathcost BRIDGE COST Set path cost 317 | setportprio BRIDGE PRIO Set port priority 318 | setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority 319 | stp BRIDGE [1|0] STP on/off320 |
bunzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]
325 |Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
326 |Options:
327 |328 | -c Write to standard output 329 | -f Force330 |
bzcat FILE
335 |Uncompress to stdout
336 |bzip2 [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
341 |Compress FILE(s) with bzip2 algorithm. 342 | When FILE is '-' or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.
343 |Options:
344 |345 | -c Write to standard output 346 | -d Decompress 347 | -f Force 348 | -1..-9 Compression level349 |
cal [-jy] [[month] year]
354 |Display a calendar
355 |Options:
356 |357 | -j Use julian dates 358 | -y Display the entire year359 |
cat [-u] [FILE]...
364 |Concatenate FILE(s) and print them to stdout
365 |Options:
366 |367 | -u Use unbuffered i/o (ignored)368 |
catv [-etv] [FILE]...
373 |Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
374 |Options:
375 |376 | -e End each line with $ 377 | -t Show tabs as ^I 378 | -v Don't use ^x or M-x escapes379 |
chat EXPECT [SEND [EXPECT [SEND...]]]
384 |Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. 385 | A script consists of one or more "expect-send" pairs of strings, 386 | each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: 387 | chat '' ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
388 |chattr [-R] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] [-v version] files...
393 |Change file attributes on an ext2 fs
394 |Modifiers:
395 |396 | - Remove attributes 397 | + Add attributes 398 | = Set attributes 399 | Attributes:400 |
401 | A Don't track atime 402 | a Append mode only 403 | c Enable compress 404 | D Write dir contents synchronously 405 | d Do not backup with dump 406 | i Cannot be modified (immutable) 407 | j Write all data to journal first 408 | s Zero disk storage when deleted 409 | S Write file contents synchronously 410 | t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files 411 | u Allow file to be undeleted 412 | Options:413 |
414 | -R Recursively list subdirectories 415 | -v Set the file's version/generation number416 |
chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...
421 |Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP
422 |Options:
423 |424 | -R Recurse 425 | -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets 426 | -L Traverse all symlinks to directories 427 | -H Traverse symlinks on command line only 428 | -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) 429 | -c List changed files 430 | -v Verbose 431 | -f Hide errors432 |
chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
437 |Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the 438 | symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst
439 |Options:
440 |441 | -R Recurse 442 | -c List changed files 443 | -v List all files 444 | -f Hide errors445 |
chown [-RhLHPcvf]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...
450 |Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP
451 |Options:
452 |453 | -R Recurse 454 | -h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets 455 | -L Traverse all symlinks to directories 456 | -H Traverse symlinks on command line only 457 | -P Do not traverse symlinks (default) 458 | -c List changed files 459 | -v List all files 460 | -f Hide errors461 |
chpasswd [--md5|--encrypted]
466 |Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
467 |Options:
468 |469 | -e,--encrypted Supplied passwords are in encrypted form 470 | -m,--md5 Use MD5 encryption instead of DES471 |
| chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] 476 | | |
| [-/ DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] 477 | | |
| [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] PROG ARGS |
Change the process state and run PROG
479 |Options:
480 |481 | -u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid 482 | -U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment 483 | -e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files 484 | in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file 485 | -/ DIR Chroot to DIR 486 | -n NICE Add NICE to nice value 487 | -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES 488 | -d BYTES Limit data segment 489 | -o N Limit number of open files per process 490 | -p N Limit number of processes per uid 491 | -f BYTES Limit output file sizes 492 | -c BYTES Limit core file size 493 | -v Verbose 494 | -P Create new process group 495 | -0 Close standard input 496 | -1 Close standard output 497 | -2 Close standard error498 |
chroot NEWROOT [PROG [ARGS]]
503 |Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT
504 |chrt [OPTIONS] [PRIO] [PID | PROG [ARGS]]
509 |Manipulate real-time attributes of a process
510 |Options:
511 |512 | -p Operate on pid 513 | -r Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR 514 | -f Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO 515 | -o Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER 516 | -m Show min and max priorities517 |
chvt N
522 |Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
523 |cksum FILES...
528 |Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES
529 |clear
534 |Clear screen
535 |cmp [-l] [-s] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]
540 |Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified
541 |Options:
542 |543 | -l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal) 544 | for all differing bytes 545 | -s Quiet546 |
comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2
551 |Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified
552 |Options:
553 |554 | -1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1 555 | -2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2 556 | -3 Suppress lines common to both files557 |
cp [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
562 |Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
563 |Options:
564 |565 | -a Same as -dpR 566 | -d,-P Preserve links 567 | -H,-L Dereference all symlinks (default) 568 | -p Preserve file attributes if possible 569 | -f Force overwrite 570 | -i Prompt before overwrite 571 | -R,-r Recurse 572 | -l,-s Create (sym)links573 |
cpio -[tiopdmvu] [-F FILE] [-H newc]
578 |Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive 579 | Main operation mode:
580 |581 | -t List 582 | -i Extract 583 | -o Create 584 | -p Passthrough 585 | Options:586 |
587 | -d Make leading directories 588 | -m Preserve mtime 589 | -v Verbose 590 | -u Overwrite 591 | -F Input file 592 | -H Define format593 |
crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR
598 |599 | -f Foreground 600 | -b Background (default) 601 | -S Log to syslog (default) 602 | -l Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8 603 | -d Set log level, log to stderr 604 | -L Log to file 605 | -c Working dir606 |
crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]
611 |
612 | -c Crontab directory
613 | -u User
614 | -l List crontab
615 | -e Edit crontab
616 | -r Delete crontab
617 | FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)
618 | cryptpw [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
623 |Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
Options:
625 |626 | -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM 627 | -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE 628 | -S,--salt=SALT629 |
cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
634 |Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output
635 |Options:
636 |637 | -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST 638 | -c LIST Output only characters from LIST 639 | -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter 640 | -s Output only the lines containing delimiter 641 | -f N Print only these fields 642 | -n Ignored643 |
date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [TIME]
648 |Display time (using +FMT), or set time
649 |Options:
650 |651 | [-s] TIME Set time to TIME 652 | -u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time) 653 | -R Output RFC-822 compliant date string 654 | -I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 compliant date string 655 | SPEC='date' (default) for date only, 656 | 'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and 657 | time to the indicated precision 658 | -r FILE Display last modification time of FILE 659 | -d TIME Display TIME, not 'now' 660 | -D FMT Use FMT for -d TIME conversion661 |
Recognized TIME formats:
662 |663 | hh:mm[:ss] 664 | [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss] 665 | YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss] 666 | [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]667 |
dc expression...
672 |Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: 673 | +, add, -, sub, *, mul, /, div, %, mod, **, exp, and, or, not, eor, 674 | p - print top of the stack (without altering the stack), 675 | f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix 676 | (value must be 10 or 16). 677 | Examples: 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, 'dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /' -> 16.
678 || dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N] [obs=N] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] 683 | | |
| [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync] |
Copy a file with converting and formatting
685 |Options:
686 |687 | if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin 688 | of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout 689 | bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time 690 | ibs=N Read N bytes at a time 691 | obs=N Write N bytes at a time 692 | count=N Copy only N input blocks 693 | skip=N Skip N input blocks 694 | seek=N Skip N output blocks 695 | conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file 696 | conv=noerror Continue after read errors 697 | conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros 698 | conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing699 |
Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), 700 | MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824)
701 |deallocvt [N]
706 |Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
707 |delgroup [USER] GROUP
712 |Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP
713 |deluser USER
718 |Delete USER from the system
719 |devmem ADDRESS [WIDTH [VALUE]]
724 |Read/write from physical address
725 |726 | ADDRESS Address to act upon 727 | WIDTH Width (8/16/...) 728 | VALUE Data to be written729 |
df [-Pkmhai] [-B SIZE] [FILESYSTEM...]
734 |Print filesystem usage statistics
735 |Options:
736 |737 | -P POSIX output format 738 | -k 1024-byte blocks (default) 739 | -m 1M-byte blocks 740 | -h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G) 741 | -a Show all filesystems 742 | -i Inodes 743 | -B SIZE Blocksize744 |
dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2...] SERVER_IFACE [SERVER_IP]
749 |Relay DHCP requests between clients and server
750 |diff [-abdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2
755 |Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. 756 | This implementation supports unified diffs only.
757 |Options:
758 |759 | -a Treat all files as text 760 | -b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace 761 | -d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes 762 | -i Ignore case differences 763 | -L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header 764 | -N Treat absent files as empty 765 | -q Output only whether files differ 766 | -r Recursively compare subdirectories 767 | -S Start with FILE when comparing directories 768 | -T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary 769 | -s Report when two files are the same 770 | -t Expand tabs to spaces in output 771 | -U Output LINES lines of context 772 | -w Ignore all whitespace773 |
dirname FILENAME
778 |Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME
779 |dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]
784 |Print or control the kernel ring buffer
785 |Options:
786 |787 | -c Clear ring buffer after printing 788 | -n LEVEL Set console logging level 789 | -s SIZE Buffer size790 |
dnsd [-c config] [-t seconds] [-p port] [-i iface-ip] [-d]
795 |Small static DNS server daemon
796 |Options:
797 |798 | -c Config filename 799 | -t TTL in seconds 800 | -p Listening port 801 | -i Listening ip (default all) 802 | -d Daemonize803 |
dos2unix [OPTION] [FILE]
808 |Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. 809 | When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
810 |Options:
811 |812 | -u dos2unix 813 | -d unix2dos814 |
dpkg [-ilCPru] [-F option] package_name
819 |Install, remove and manage Debian packages
820 |Options:
821 |822 | -i Install the package 823 | -l List of installed packages 824 | -C Configure an unpackaged package 825 | -F depends Ignore dependency problems 826 | -P Purge all files of a package 827 | -r Remove all but the configuration files for a package 828 | -u Unpack a package, but don't configure it829 |
du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...
834 |Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. 835 | Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.
836 |Options:
837 |838 | -a Show file sizes too 839 | -H Follow symlinks on command line 840 | -L Follow all symlinks 841 | -d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N 842 | -c Show grand total 843 | -l Count sizes many times if hard linked 844 | -s Display only a total for each argument 845 | -x Skip directories on different filesystems 846 | -h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G ) 847 | -m Sizes in megabytes 848 | -k Sizes in kilobytes (default)849 |
dumpkmap > keymap
854 |Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output
855 |dumpleases [-r|-a] [-f LEASEFILE]
860 |Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd
861 |Options:
862 |863 | -f,--file=FILE Leases file to load 864 | -r,--remaining Interpret lease times as time remaining 865 | -a,--absolute Interpret lease times as expire time866 |
echo [-neE] [ARG...]
871 |Print the specified ARGs to stdout
872 |Options:
873 |874 | -n Suppress trailing newline 875 | -e Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab) 876 | -E Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters877 |
ed
882 |eject [-t] [-T] [DEVICE]
887 |Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)
888 |Options:
889 |890 | -s SCSI device 891 | -t Close tray 892 | -T Open/close tray (toggle)893 |
env [-iu] [-] [name=value]... [PROG [ARGS]]
898 |Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up 899 | the specified environment
900 |Options:
901 |902 | -, -i Start with an empty environment 903 | -u Remove variable from the environment904 |
envdir dir prog args
909 |Set various environment variables as specified by files 910 | in the directory dir and run PROG
911 |envuidgid account prog args
916 |Set $UID to account's uid and $GID to account's gid and run PROG
917 |expand [-i] [-t NUM] [FILE|-]
922 |Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output
923 |Options:
924 |925 | -i,--initial Do not convert tabs after non blanks 926 | -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars927 |
expr EXPRESSION
932 |Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output
933 |EXPRESSION may be:
934 |935 | ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2 936 | ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0 937 | ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly: 938 | ARG1 <= ARG2 939 | ARG1 = ARG2 940 | ARG1 != ARG2 941 | ARG1 >= ARG2 942 | ARG1 > ARG2 943 | ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly: 944 | ARG1 - ARG2 945 | ARG1 * ARG2 946 | ARG1 / ARG2 947 | ARG1 % ARG2 948 | STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING 949 | match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP 950 | substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1 951 | index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0 952 | length STRING Length of STRING 953 | quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if 954 | it is a keyword like 'match' or an 955 | operator like '/' 956 | (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION957 |
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. 958 | Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else 959 | lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between 960 | \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number 961 | of characters matched or 0.
962 |fakeidentd [-fiw] [-b ADDR] [STRING]
967 |Provide fake ident (auth) service
968 |Options:
969 |970 | -f Run in foreground 971 | -i Inetd mode 972 | -w Inetd 'wait' mode 973 | -b ADDR Bind to specified address 974 | STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)975 |
false
980 |Return an exit code of FALSE (1)
981 |fbset [OPTIONS] [MODE]
986 |Show and modify frame buffer settings
987 |fbsplash -s IMGFILE [-c] [-d DEV] [-i INIFILE] [-f CMD]
992 |Options:
993 |994 | -s Image 995 | -c Hide cursor 996 | -d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0) 997 | -i Config file (var=value): 998 | BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT 999 | BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B 1000 | -f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image) 1001 | commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'1002 |
fdflush DEVICE
1007 |Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
1008 |fdformat [-n] DEVICE
1013 |Format floppy disk
1014 |Options:
1015 |1016 | -n Don't verify after format1017 |
fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK
1022 |Change partition table
1023 |Options:
1024 |1025 | -u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders) 1026 | -l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit 1027 | -b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors 1028 | -C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors 1029 | -H HEADS1030 |
1031 | -S SECTORS1032 |
find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
1037 |Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, 1038 | default EXPRESSION is '-print'
1039 |EXPRESSION may consist of:
1040 |
1041 | -follow Dereference symlinks
1042 | -xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
1043 | -maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
1044 | tests/actions to command line arguments only
1045 | -mindepth N Do not act on first N levels
1046 | -name PATTERN File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
1047 | -iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
1048 | -path PATTERN Path matches PATTERN
1049 | -regex PATTERN Path matches regex PATTERN
1050 | -type X File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
1051 | -perm NNN Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
1052 | or exactly (NNN)
1053 | -mtime DAYS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
1054 | or exactly (N) days
1055 | -mmin MINS Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
1056 | or exactly (N) minutes
1057 | -newer FILE Modified time is more recent than FILE's
1058 | -inum N File has inode number N
1059 | -user NAME File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
1060 | -group NAME File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
1061 | -depth Process directory name after traversing it
1062 | -size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
1063 | +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
1064 | -print Print (default and assumed)
1065 | -print0 Delimit output with null characters rather than
1066 | newlines
1067 | -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
1068 | matching files
1069 | -prune Stop traversing current subtree
1070 | -delete Delete files, turns on -depth option
1071 | (EXPR) Group an expression
1072 | findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
1077 |Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID
1078 |flash_lock MTD_DEVICE OFFSET SECTORS
1083 |Lock part or all of an MTD device. If SECTORS is -1, then all sectors 1084 | will be locked, regardless of the value of OFFSET
1085 |flash_unlock MTD_DEVICE
1090 |Unlock an MTD device
1091 |fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]
1096 |Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to 1097 | standard output
1098 |Options:
1099 |1100 | -b Count bytes rather than columns 1101 | -s Break at spaces 1102 | -w Use WIDTH columns instead of 801103 |
free
1108 |Display the amount of free and used system memory
1109 |freeramdisk DEVICE
1114 |Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
1115 |fsck [-ANPRTV] [-C fd] [-t fstype] [fs-options] [filesys...]
1120 |Check and repair filesystems
1121 |Options:
1122 |1123 | -A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems 1124 | -N Don't execute, just show what would be done 1125 | -P With -A, check filesystems in parallel 1126 | -R With -A, skip the root filesystem 1127 | -T Don't show title on startup 1128 | -V Verbose 1129 | -C n Write status information to specified filedescriptor 1130 | -t type List of filesystem types to check1131 |
fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name
1136 |Check MINIX filesystem
1137 |Options:
1138 |1139 | -l List all filenames 1140 | -r Perform interactive repairs 1141 | -a Perform automatic repairs 1142 | -v Verbose 1143 | -s Output superblock information 1144 | -m Show "mode not cleared" warnings 1145 | -f Force file system check1146 |
fsync [OPTIONS] FILE...Write files' buffered blocks to disk
1151 |Options:
1152 |1153 | -d Avoid syncing metadata1154 |
ftpd [-wvS] [-t N] [-T N] [DIR]
1159 |Anonymous FTP server
1160 |ftpd should be used as an inetd service. 1161 | ftpd's line for inetd.conf: 1162 | 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve 1163 | It also can be ran from tcpsvd:
1164 |1165 | tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve1166 |
Options:
1167 |1168 | -w Allow upload 1169 | -v Log to stderr 1170 | -S Log to syslog 1171 | -t,-T Idle and absolute timeouts 1172 | DIR Change root to this directory1173 |
ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST LOCAL_FILE REMOTE_FILE
1178 |Retrieve a remote file via FTP
1179 |Options:
1180 |1181 | -c,--continue Continue previous transfer 1182 | -v,--verbose Verbose 1183 | -u,--username Username 1184 | -p,--password Password 1185 | -P,--port Port number1186 |
ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST REMOTE_FILE LOCAL_FILE
1191 |Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP
1192 |Options:
1193 |1194 | -v,--verbose Verbose 1195 | -u,--username Username 1196 | -p,--password Password 1197 | -P,--port Port number1198 |
fuser [OPTIONS] FILE or PORT/PROTO
1203 |Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
1204 |Options:
1205 |1206 | -m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs 1207 | -4 Search only IPv4 space 1208 | -6 Search only IPv6 space 1209 | -s Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found 1210 | -k Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs) 1211 | -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)1212 |
getopt [OPTIONS]
1217 |Options:
1218 |1219 | -a,--alternative Allow long options starting with single - 1220 | -l,--longoptions=longopts Long options to be recognized 1221 | -n,--name=progname The name under which errors are reported 1222 | -o,--options=optstring Short options to be recognized 1223 | -q,--quiet Disable error reporting by getopt(3) 1224 | -Q,--quiet-output No normal output 1225 | -s,--shell=shell Set shell quoting conventions 1226 | -T,--test Test for getopt(1) version 1227 | -u,--unquoted Don't quote the output1228 |
getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE TTY [TERMTYPE]
1233 |Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login
1234 |Options:
1235 |1236 | -h Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control 1237 | -i Do not display /etc/issue before running login 1238 | -L Local line, do not do carrier detect 1239 | -m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message 1240 | -w Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue 1241 | -n Do not prompt the user for a login name 1242 | -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue 1243 | -l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login 1244 | -t SEC Terminate after SEC if no username is read 1245 | -I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else 1246 | -H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname1247 |
grep [-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz] PATTERN [FILE]...
1252 |Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input
1253 |Options:
1254 |1255 | -H Prefix output lines with filename where match was found 1256 | -h Suppress the prefixing filename on output 1257 | -r Recurse 1258 | -i Ignore case distinctions 1259 | -l List names of files that match 1260 | -L List names of files that do not match 1261 | -n Print line number with output lines 1262 | -q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise 1263 | -v Select non-matching lines 1264 | -s Suppress file open/read error messages 1265 | -c Only print count of matching lines 1266 | -o Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN 1267 | -m MAX Match up to MAX times per file 1268 | -w Match whole words only 1269 | -F PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings 1270 | -E PATTERN is an extended regular expression 1271 | -e PTRN Pattern to match 1272 | -f FILE Read pattern from file 1273 | -A Print NUM lines of trailing context 1274 | -B Print NUM lines of leading context 1275 | -C Print NUM lines of output context 1276 | -z Input is NUL terminated1277 |
gunzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1282 |Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)
1283 |Options:
1284 |1285 | -c Write to standard output 1286 | -f Force 1287 | -t Test file integrity1288 |
gzip [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1293 |Compress FILEs (or standard input)
1294 |Options:
1295 |1296 | -c Write to standard output 1297 | -d Decompress 1298 | -f Force1299 |
hd FILE...
1304 |hd is an alias for hexdump -C
1305 |hdparm [OPTIONS] [DEVICE]
1310 |Options:
1311 |1312 | -a Get/set fs readahead 1313 | -A Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1) 1314 | -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) 1315 | -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) 1316 | -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting 1317 | -C Check IDE power mode status 1318 | -d Get/set using_dma flag 1319 | -D Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt 1320 | -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit 1321 | -g Display drive geometry 1322 | -h Display terse usage information 1323 | -i Display drive identification 1324 | -I Detailed/current information directly from drive 1325 | -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) 1326 | -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) 1327 | -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) 1328 | -m Get/set multiple sector count 1329 | -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) 1330 | -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) 1331 | -P Set drive prefetch count 1332 | -Q Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported) 1333 | -r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) 1334 | -R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) 1335 | -S Set standby (spindown) timeout 1336 | -t Perform device read timings 1337 | -T Perform cache read timings 1338 | -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) 1339 | -U Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS) 1340 | -v Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives 1341 | -V Display program version and exit immediately 1342 | -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) 1343 | -W Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) 1344 | -x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS) 1345 | -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) 1346 | -y Put IDE drive in standby mode 1347 | -Y Put IDE drive to sleep 1348 | -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode 1349 | -z Re-read partition table1350 |
head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
1355 |Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. 1356 | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the 1357 | file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
1358 |Options:
1359 |1360 | -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 1361 | -c NUM Output the first NUM bytes 1362 | -q Never output headers giving file names 1363 | -v Always output headers giving file names1364 |
hexdump [-bcCdefnosvxR] FILE...
1369 |Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format
1370 |Options:
1371 |1372 | -b One-byte octal display 1373 | -c One-byte character display 1374 | -C Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line 1375 | -d Two-byte decimal display 1376 | -e FORMAT STRING 1377 | -f FORMAT FILE 1378 | -n LENGTH Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input 1379 | -o Two-byte octal display 1380 | -s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes 1381 | -v Display all input data 1382 | -x Two-byte hexadecimal display 1383 | -R Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'1384 |
hostid
1389 |Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine
1390 |hostname [OPTIONS] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]
1395 |Get or set hostname or DNS domain name
1396 |Options:
1397 |1398 | -s Short 1399 | -i Addresses for the hostname 1400 | -d DNS domain name 1401 | -f Fully qualified domain name 1402 | -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname1403 |
httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-r REALM] [-h HOME] 1408 | or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING
1409 |Listen for incoming HTTP requests
1410 |Options:
1411 |1412 | -i Inetd mode 1413 | -f Do not daemonize 1414 | -v[v] Verbose 1415 | -c FILE Configuration file (default httpd.conf) 1416 | -p [IP:]PORT Bind to ip:port (default *:80) 1417 | -u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port 1418 | -r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication 1419 | -h HOME Home directory (default .) 1420 | -m STRING MD5 crypt STRING 1421 | -e STRING HTML encode STRING 1422 | -d STRING URL decode STRING1423 |
hwclock [-r|--show] [-s|--hctosys] [-w|--systohc] [-l|--localtime] [-u|--utc] [-f FILE]
1428 |Query and set hardware clock (RTC)
1429 |Options:
1430 |1431 | -r Show hardware clock time 1432 | -s Set system time from hardware clock 1433 | -w Set hardware clock to system time 1434 | -u Hardware clock is in UTC 1435 | -l Hardware clock is in local time 1436 | -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)1437 |
id [OPTIONS] [USER]
1442 |Print information about USER or the current user
1443 |Options:
1444 |1445 | -u Print user ID 1446 | -g Print group ID 1447 | -G Print supplementary group IDs 1448 | -n Print name instead of a number 1449 | -r Print real user ID instead of effective ID1450 |
ifconfig [-a] interface [address]
1455 |Configure a network interface
1456 |Options:
1457 |1458 | [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] 1459 | [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]] 1460 | [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]] 1461 | [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS] 1462 | [outfill NN] [keepalive NN] 1463 | [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN] 1464 | [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti] 1465 | [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic] 1466 | [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN] 1467 | [up|down] ...1468 |
ifdown [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1473 |Options:
1474 |1475 | -a De/configure all interfaces automatically 1476 | -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions 1477 | -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it 1478 | (note: doesn't disable mappings) 1479 | -m Don't run any mappings 1480 | -v Print out what would happen before doing it 1481 | -f Force de/configuration1482 |
ifenslave [-cdf] master-iface <slave-iface...>
1487 |Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
1488 |Options:
1489 |1490 | -c, --change-active Change active slave 1491 | -d, --detach Remove slave interface from bonding device 1492 | -f, --force Force, even if interface is not Ethernet1493 |
ifplugd [OPTIONS]
1498 |Network interface plug detection daemon
1499 |Options:
1500 |1501 | -n Do not daemonize 1502 | -s Do not log to syslog 1503 | -i IFACE Interface 1504 | -f/-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up 1505 | (otherwise exit on error) 1506 | -a Do not up interface automatically 1507 | -M Monitor creation/destruction of interface 1508 | (otherwise it must exist) 1509 | -r PROG Script to run 1510 | -x ARG Extra argument for script 1511 | -I Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script 1512 | -p Don't run script on daemon startup 1513 | -q Don't run script on daemon quit 1514 | -l Run script on startup even if no cable is detected 1515 | -t SECS Poll time in seconds 1516 | -u SECS Delay before running script after link up 1517 | -d SECS Delay after link down 1518 | -m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto) 1519 | -k Kill running daemon1520 |
ifup [-ainmvf] ifaces...
1525 |Options:
1526 |1527 | -a De/configure all interfaces automatically 1528 | -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions 1529 | -n Print out what would happen, but don't do it 1530 | (note: doesn't disable mappings) 1531 | -m Don't run any mappings 1532 | -v Print out what would happen before doing it 1533 | -f Force de/configuration1534 |
inetd [-fe] [-q N] [-R N] [CONFFILE]
1539 |Listen for network connections and launch programs
1540 |Options:
1541 |1542 | -f Run in foreground 1543 | -e Log to stderr 1544 | -q N Socket listen queue (default: 128) 1545 | -R N Pause services after N connects/min 1546 | (default: 0 - disabled)1547 |
init
1552 |Init is the parent of all processes
1553 |inotifyd PROG FILE1[:MASK] ...
1558 |Run PROG on filesystem changes. 1559 | When a filesystem event matching MASK occurs on FILEn, 1560 | PROG <actual_event(s)> <FILEn> [<subfile_name>] is run. 1561 | Events:
1562 |1563 | a File is accessed 1564 | c File is modified 1565 | e Metadata changed 1566 | w Writable file is closed 1567 | 0 Unwritable file is closed 1568 | r File is opened 1569 | D File is deleted 1570 | M File is moved 1571 | u Backing fs is unmounted 1572 | o Event queue overflowed 1573 | x File can't be watched anymore 1574 | If watching a directory:1575 |
1576 | m Subfile is moved into dir 1577 | y Subfile is moved out of dir 1578 | n Subfile is created 1579 | d Subfile is deleted1580 |
inotifyd waits for PROG to exit. 1581 | When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits
1582 |insmod [OPTIONS] MODULE [symbol=value]...
1587 |Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel
1588 |Options:
1589 |1590 | -f Force module to load into the wrong kernel version 1591 | -k Make module autoclean-able 1592 | -v Verbose 1593 | -q Quiet 1594 | -L Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module 1595 | -m Output load map to stdout 1596 | -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME 1597 | -x Do not export externs1598 |
install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [source] dest|directory
1603 |Copy files and set attributes
1604 |Options:
1605 |1606 | -c Just copy (default) 1607 | -d Create directories 1608 | -D Create leading target directories 1609 | -s Strip symbol table 1610 | -p Preserve date 1611 | -o USER Set ownership 1612 | -g GRP Set group ownership 1613 | -m MODE Set permissions1614 |
ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-p PID] [PROG]
1619 |Change I/O scheduling class and priority
1620 |Options:
1621 |1622 | -c Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle 1623 | -n Priority1624 |
ip [OPTIONS] {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} {COMMAND}
1629 |ip [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND} 1630 | where OBJECT := {address | route | link | tunnel | rule} 1631 | OPTIONS := { -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link } | -o[neline] }
1632 || ipaddr { {add|del} IFADDR dev STRING | {show|flush} 1637 | | |
| [dev STRING] [to PREFIX] } |
ipaddr {add|delete} IFADDR dev STRING 1639 | ipaddr {show|flush} [dev STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] 1640 | [to PREFIX] [label PATTERN] 1641 | IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX 1642 | [broadcast ADDR] [anycast ADDR] 1643 | [label STRING] [scope SCOPE-ID] 1644 | SCOPE-ID := [host | link | global | NUMBER]
1645 |ipcalc [OPTIONS] ADDRESS[[/]NETMASK] [NETMASK]
1650 |Calculate IP network settings from a IP address
1651 |Options:
1652 |1653 | -b,--broadcast Display calculated broadcast address 1654 | -n,--network Display calculated network address 1655 | -m,--netmask Display default netmask for IP 1656 | -p,--prefix Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK 1657 | -h,--hostname Display first resolved host name 1658 | -s,--silent Don't ever display error messages1659 |
ipcrm [-MQS key] [-mqs id]
1664 |Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. 1665 | Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.
1666 |Options:
1667 |1668 | -mM Remove memory segment after last detach 1669 | -qQ Remove message queue 1670 | -sS Remove semaphore1671 |
ipcs [[-smq] -i shmid] | [[-asmq] [-tcplu]]
1676 |1677 | -i Show specific resource 1678 | Resource specification:1679 |
1680 | -m Shared memory segments 1681 | -q Message queues 1682 | -s Semaphore arrays 1683 | -a All (default) 1684 | Output format:1685 |
1686 | -t Time 1687 | -c Creator 1688 | -p Pid 1689 | -l Limits 1690 | -u Summary1691 |
iplink { set DEVICE { up | down | arp { on | off } | show [DEVICE] }
1696 |iplink set DEVICE { up | down | arp | multicast { on | off } | 1697 | dynamic { on | off } | 1698 | mtu MTU } 1699 | iplink show [DEVICE]
1700 || iproute { list | flush | { add | del | change | append | 1705 | | |
| replace | monitor } ROUTE } |
iproute { list | flush } SELECTOR 1707 | iproute get ADDRESS [from ADDRESS iif STRING] 1708 | [oif STRING] [tos TOS] 1709 | iproute { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor } ROUTE 1710 | SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] 1711 | ROUTE := [TYPE] PREFIX [tos TOS] [proto RTPROTO] 1712 | [metric METRIC]
1713 |iprule {[list | add | del] RULE}
1718 || iprule [list | add | del] SELECTOR ACTION 1719 | | |
| SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK] 1720 | | |
| [dev STRING] [pref NUMBER] 1721 | | |
| ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDRESS] 1722 | | |
| [prohibit | reject | unreachable] 1723 | | |
| [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM] 1724 | | |
| TABLE_ID := [local | main | default | NUMBER] |
| iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] 1730 | | |
| [mode { ipip | gre | sit }] 1731 | | |
| [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL] |
| iptunnel { add | change | del | show } [NAME] 1733 | | |
| [mode { ipip | gre | sit }] [remote ADDR] [local ADDR] 1734 | | |
| [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] 1735 | | |
| [ttl TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV] |
kbd_mode [-a|k|s|u] [-C TTY]
1741 |Report or set the keyboard mode
1742 |Options:
1743 |1744 | -a Default (ASCII) 1745 | -k Medium-raw (keyboard) 1746 | -s Raw (scancode) 1747 | -u Unicode (utf-8) 1748 | -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty1749 |
kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...
1754 |Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs
1755 |Options:
1756 |1757 | -l List all signal names and numbers1758 |
killall [-l] [-q] [-SIG] process-name...
1763 |Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes
1764 |Options:
1765 |1766 | -l List all signal names and numbers 1767 | -q Do not complain if no processes were killed1768 |
killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...
1773 |Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session
1774 |Options:
1775 |1776 | -l List all signal names and numbers 1777 | -o PID Do not signal this PID1778 |
klogd [-c N] [-n]
1783 |Kernel logger
1784 |Options:
1785 |1786 | -c N Only messages with level < N are printed to console 1787 | -n Run in foreground1788 |
last [-HW] [-f file]
1793 |Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
1794 |Options:
1795 |1796 | -W Display with no host column truncation 1797 | -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp1798 |
length STRING
1803 |Print STRING's length
1804 |less [-EMNmh~I?] [FILE]...
1809 |View a file or list of files. The position within files can be 1810 | changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.
1811 |Options:
1812 |1813 | -E Quit once the end of a file is reached 1814 | -M,-m Display status line with line numbers 1815 | and percentage through the file 1816 | -N Prefix line number to each line 1817 | -I Ignore case in all searches 1818 | -~ Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file1819 |
ln [OPTIONS] TARGET... LINK|DIRECTORY
1824 |Create a link LINK or DIRECTORY/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)
1825 |Options:
1826 |1827 | -s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks 1828 | -f Remove existing destination files 1829 | -n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file 1830 | -b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation 1831 | -S suf Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files1832 |
loadfont < font
1837 |Load a console font from standard input
1838 |loadkmap < keymap
1843 |Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input
1844 |logger [OPTIONS] [MESSAGE]
1849 |Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.
1850 |Options:
1851 |1852 | -s Log to stderr as well as the system log 1853 | -t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name) 1854 | -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)1855 |
login [-p] [-h HOST] [[-f] USER]
1860 |Begin a new session on the system
1861 |Options:
1862 |1863 | -f Do not authenticate (user already authenticated) 1864 | -h Name of the remote host 1865 | -p Preserve environment1866 |
logname
1871 |Print the name of the current user
1872 |logread [OPTIONS]
1877 |Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
1878 |Options:
1879 |1880 | -f Output data as log grows1881 |
| losetup [-o OFS] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices 1886 | | |
| losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate 1887 | | |
| losetup [-f] - show |
Options:
1889 |1890 | -o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE 1891 | -f Show first free loop device1892 |
lpd SPOOLDIR [HELPER [ARGS]]
1897 |SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories 1898 | with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are 1899 | sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue 1900 | directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print 1901 | is passed in $DATAFILE variable. 1902 | Example:
1903 |1904 | tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print1905 |
lpq [-P queue[@host[:port]]] [-U USERNAME] [-d JOBID...] [-fs]
1910 |Options:
1911 |1912 | -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) 1913 | -d Delete jobs 1914 | -f Force any waiting job to be printed 1915 | -s Short display1916 |
lpr -P queue[@host[:port]] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh [FILE]...
1921 |Options:
1922 |1923 | -P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER) 1924 | -m Send mail on completion 1925 | -h Print banner page too 1926 | -V Verbose1927 |
ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [FILE]...
1932 |List directory contents
1933 |Options:
1934 |
1935 | -1 List in a single column
1936 | -A Don't list . and ..
1937 | -a Don't hide entries starting with .
1938 | -C List by columns
1939 | -c With -l: sort by ctime
1940 | --color[={always,never,auto}] Control coloring
1941 | -d List directory entries instead of contents
1942 | -e List full date and time
1943 | -F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
1944 | -i List inode numbers
1945 | -l Long listing format
1946 | -n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
1947 | -p Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
1948 | -L List entries pointed to by symlinks
1949 | -R List subdirectories recursively
1950 | -r Sort in reverse order
1951 | -S Sort by file size
1952 | -s List the size of each file, in blocks
1953 | -T NUM Assume tabstop every NUM columns
1954 | -t With -l: sort by modification time
1955 | -u With -l: sort by access time
1956 | -v Sort by version
1957 | -w NUM Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
1958 | -x List by lines
1959 | -X Sort by extension
1960 | -h List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)
1961 | lsattr [-Radlv] [FILE]...
1966 |List file attributes on an ext2 fs
1967 |Options:
1968 |1969 | -R Recursively list subdirectories 1970 | -a Do not hide entries starting with . 1971 | -d List directory entries instead of contents 1972 | -l List long flag names 1973 | -v List the file's version/generation number1974 |
lsmod
1979 |List the currently loaded kernel modules
1980 |lzmacat FILE
1985 |Uncompress to stdout
1986 |lzop [-cfvd123456789CF] [FILE]...
1991 |1992 | -c Write to standard output 1993 | -f Force 1994 | -v Verbose 1995 | -d Decompress 1996 | -F Don't store or verify checksum 1997 | -C Also write checksum of compressed block 1998 | -1..9 Compression level1999 |
lzopcat [-vCF] [FILE]...
2004 |2005 | -v Verbose 2006 | -F Don't store or verify checksum2007 |
makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2012 |Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs
2013 |Options:
2014 |2015 | -o FILE Output. Default: stdout 2016 | -a HDR Add header. Examples: 2017 | "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`" 2018 | -c CT Content type. Default: text/plain 2019 | -C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii2020 |
Other options are silently ignored
2021 |man [OPTIONS] [MANPAGE]...
2026 |Format and display manual page
2027 |Options:
2028 |2029 | -a Display all pages 2030 | -w Show page locations2031 |
md5sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... 2036 | or: md5sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2037 |Print or check MD5 checksums
2038 |Options:
2039 |2040 | -c Check sums against given list 2041 | -s Don't output anything, status code shows success 2042 | -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines2043 |
mdev [-s]
2048 |2049 | -s Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot2050 |
It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: 2051 | echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug 2052 | It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines 2053 | [-]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM [>|=PATH] [@|$|*PROG]
2054 |mesg [y|n]
2059 || Control write access to your terminal 2060 | | ||
| y | Allow write access to your terminal 2061 | | |
| n | Disallow write access to your terminal |
microcom [-d DELAY] [-t TIMEOUT] [-s SPEED] [-X] TTY
2067 |Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout
2068 |Options:
2069 |2070 | -d Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every 2071 | next byte to it 2072 | -t Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms 2073 | -s Set serial line to SPEED 2074 | -X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin2075 |
mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
2080 |Create DIRECTORY
2081 |Options:
2082 |2083 | -m Mode 2084 | -p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed2085 |
mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
2090 |Make a FAT32 filesystem
2091 |Options:
2092 |2093 | -v Verbose 2094 | -n LBL Volume label2095 |
mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
2100 |Create named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
2101 |Options:
2102 |2103 | -m MODE Mode (default a=rw)2104 |
mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]
2109 |Make a MINIX filesystem
2110 |Options:
2111 |2112 | -c Check device for bad blocks 2113 | -n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames 2114 | -i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem 2115 | -l FILENAME Read bad blocks list from FILENAME 2116 | -v Make version 2 filesystem2117 |
mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] FILE_OR_DEVICE [SIZE_IN_KB]
2122 |Make a FAT32 filesystem
2123 |Options:
2124 |2125 | -v Verbose 2126 | -n LBL Volume label2127 |
mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
2132 |Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
2133 |Options:
2134 |2135 | -m Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) 2136 | TYPEs include:2137 |
2138 | b: Make a block device 2139 | c or u: Make a character device 2140 | p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)2141 |
mkpasswd [OPTIONS] [PASSWORD] [SALT]
2146 |Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)
Options:
2148 |2149 | -P,--password-fd=NUM Read password from fd NUM 2150 | -m,--method=TYPE Encryption method TYPE 2151 | -S,--salt=SALT2152 |
mkswap DEVICE
2157 |Prepare block device to be used as swap partition
2158 |mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]
2163 |Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. 2164 | TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
2165 |Options:
2166 |2167 | -d Make a directory instead of a file 2168 | -t Generate a path rooted in temporary directory 2169 | -p DIR Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)2170 |
For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: 2171 | $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR, else /tmp
2172 |modprobe [-knqrsvb] MODULE [symbol=value...]
2177 |Options:
2178 |2179 | -k Make module autoclean-able 2180 | -n Dry run 2181 | -q Quiet 2182 | -r Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean 2183 | -s Report via syslog instead of stderr 2184 | -v Verbose 2185 | -b Apply blacklist to module names too2186 |
more [FILE]...
2191 |View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time
2192 |mount [flags] DEVICE NODE [-o OPT,OPT]
2197 |Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
2198 |Options:
2199 |2200 | -a Mount all filesystems in fstab 2201 | -f Dry run 2202 | -i Don't run mount helper 2203 | -r Read-only mount 2204 | -w Read-write mount (default) 2205 | -t FSTYPE Filesystem type 2206 | -O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only) 2207 | -o OPT: 2208 | loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected) 2209 | [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous 2210 | [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times 2211 | [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories 2212 | [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time 2213 | [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files 2214 | [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files 2215 | [no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs 2216 | [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree 2217 | [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree 2218 | [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree 2219 | [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted 2220 | bind Bind a directory to an additional location 2221 | move Relocate an existing mount point 2222 | remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags 2223 | ro/rw Read-only/read-write mount2224 |
There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem 2225 | You'll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems
2226 |mountpoint [-q] <[-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE>
2231 |Check if the directory is a mountpoint
2232 |Options:
2233 |2234 | -q Quiet 2235 | -d Print major/minor device number of the filesystem 2236 | -n Print device name of the filesystem 2237 | -x Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice2238 |
mt [-f device] opcode value
2243 |Control magnetic tape drive operation
2244 |Available Opcodes:
2245 |bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase 2246 | fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 2247 | ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity 2248 | setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
2249 |mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST 2254 | or: mv [OPTIONS] SOURCE... DIRECTORY
2255 |Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY
2256 |Options:
2257 |2258 | -f Don't prompt before overwriting 2259 | -i Interactive, prompt before overwrite2260 |
nameif [-s] [-c FILE] [{IFNAME MACADDR}]
2265 |Rename network interface while it in the down state
2266 |Options:
2267 |2268 | -c FILE Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab) 2269 | -s Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility) 2270 | IFNAME MACADDR new_interface_name interface_mac_address2271 |
nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect 2276 | nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST] [PORT] - listen
2277 |Options:
2278 |2279 | -e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last) 2280 | -l Listen mode, for inbound connects 2281 | -n Don't do DNS resolution 2282 | -s ADDR Local address 2283 | -p PORT Local port 2284 | -u UDP mode 2285 | -v Verbose 2286 | -w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads 2287 | -i SEC Delay interval for lines sent 2288 | -o FILE Hex dump traffic 2289 | -z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)2290 |
netstat [-laentuwxrWp]
2295 |Display networking information
2296 |Options:
2297 |2298 | -l Display listening server sockets 2299 | -a Display all sockets (default: connected) 2300 | -e Display other/more information 2301 | -n Don't resolve names 2302 | -t Tcp sockets 2303 | -u Udp sockets 2304 | -w Raw sockets 2305 | -x Unix sockets 2306 | -r Display routing table 2307 | -W Display with no column truncation 2308 | -p Display PID/Program name for sockets2309 |
nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG [ARGS]]
2314 |Run PROG with modified scheduling priority
2315 |Options:
2316 |2317 | -n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST2318 |
nmeter format_string
2323 |Monitor system in real time
2324 |Format specifiers:
2325 |2326 | %Nc or %[cN] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10 2327 | (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq) 2328 | %[niface] Monitor network interface 'iface' 2329 | %m Monitor allocated memory 2330 | %[mf] Monitor free memory 2331 | %[mt] Monitor total memory 2332 | %s Monitor allocated swap 2333 | %f Monitor number of used file descriptors 2334 | %Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate 2335 | %x Monitor context switch rate 2336 | %p Monitor forks 2337 | %[pn] Monitor # of processes 2338 | %b Monitor block io 2339 | %Nt Show time (with N decimal points) 2340 | %Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000) 2341 | %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL2342 |
nohup PROG [ARGS]
2347 |Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
2348 |nslookup [HOST] [SERVER]
2353 |Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST 2354 | optionally using a specified DNS server
2355 |od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-t TYPE] [FILE]
2360 |Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE 2361 | to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read standard input.
2362 |openvt [-c N] [-sw] [PROG [ARGS]]
2367 |Start PROG on a new virtual terminal
2368 |Options:
2369 |2370 | -c N Use specified VT 2371 | -s Switch to the VT 2372 | -w Wait for PROG to exit2373 |
passwd [OPTIONS] [USER]
2378 |Change USER's password. If no USER is specified, 2379 | changes the password for the current user.
2380 |Options:
2381 |2382 | -a Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5) 2383 | -d Delete password for the account 2384 | -l Lock (disable) account 2385 | -u Unlock (re-enable) account2386 |
patch [-p NUM] [-i DIFF] [-R] [-N]
2391 |2392 | -p NUM Strip NUM leading components from file names 2393 | -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin 2394 | -R Reverse patch 2395 | -N Ignore already applied patches2396 |
pgrep [-flnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2401 |Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2402 |Options:
2403 |2404 | -l Show command name too 2405 | -f Match against entire command line 2406 | -n Show the newest process only 2407 | -o Show the oldest process only 2408 | -v Negate the match 2409 | -x Match whole name (not substring) 2410 | -s Match session ID (0 for current) 2411 | -P Match parent process ID2412 |
pidof [OPTIONS] [NAME...]
2417 |List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
2418 |Options:
2419 |2420 | -s Show only one PID 2421 | -o PID Omit given pid 2422 | Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent2423 |
ping [OPTIONS] HOST
2428 |Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2429 |Options:
2430 |2431 | -4, -6 Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution 2432 | -c CNT Send only CNT pings 2433 | -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) 2434 | -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source 2435 | -W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10) 2436 | (after all -c CNT packets are sent) 2437 | -w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite) 2438 | (can exit earlier with -c CNT) 2439 | -q Quiet, only displays output at start 2440 | and when finished2441 |
ping6 [OPTIONS] HOST
2446 |Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
2447 |Options:
2448 |2449 | -c CNT Send only CNT pings 2450 | -s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56) 2451 | -I IFACE/IP Use interface or IP address as source 2452 | -q Quiet, only displays output at start 2453 | and when finished2454 |
pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD
2459 |Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT 2460 | the new root file system
2461 |pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-fnovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]
2466 |Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN
2467 |Options:
2468 |2469 | -l List all signals 2470 | -f Match against entire command line 2471 | -n Signal the newest process only 2472 | -o Signal the oldest process only 2473 | -v Negate the match 2474 | -x Match whole name (not substring) 2475 | -s Match session ID (0 for current) 2476 | -P Match parent process ID2477 |
popmaildir [OPTIONS] Maildir [connection-helper ...]
2482 |Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
2483 |Options:
2484 |2485 | -b Binary mode. Ignored 2486 | -d Debug. Ignored 2487 | -m Show used memory. Ignored 2488 | -V Show version. Ignored 2489 | -c Use tcpclient. Ignored 2490 | -a Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP -> use it 2491 | -s Skip authorization 2492 | -T Get messages with TOP instead with RETR 2493 | -k Keep retrieved messages on the server 2494 | -t timeout Network timeout 2495 | -F "program arg1 arg2 ..." Filter by program. May be multiple 2496 | -M "program arg1 arg2 ..." Deliver by program 2497 | -R size Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored 2498 | -Z N1-N2 Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored 2499 | -L size Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored 2500 | -H lines Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored2501 |
printenv [VARIABLE...]
2506 |Print all or part of environment. 2507 | If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all.
2508 |printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]
2513 |Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, 2514 | where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf
2515 |ps
2520 |Report process status
2521 |Options:
2522 |2523 | -o col1,col2=header Select columns for display 2524 | -T Show threads2525 |
pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT] HOST
2530 |Scan a host, print all open ports
2531 |Options:
2532 |2533 | -c Show closed ports too 2534 | -b Show blocked ports too 2535 | -p Scan from this port (default 1) 2536 | -P Scan up to this port (default 1024) 2537 | -t Timeout (default 5000 ms) 2538 | -T Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)2539 |
pwd
2544 |Print the full filename of the current working directory
2545 |raidautorun DEVICE
2550 |Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays
2551 |rdate [-sp] HOST
2556 |Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST
2557 |Options:
2558 |2559 | -s Set the system date and time (default) 2560 | -p Print the date and time2561 |
rdev
2566 |Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
2567 |readlink [-fnv] FILE
2572 |Display the value of a symlink
2573 |Options:
2574 |2575 | -f Canonicalize by following all symlinks 2576 | -n Don't add newline 2577 | -v Verbose2578 |
readprofile [OPTIONS]
2583 |Options:
2584 |2585 | -m mapfile (Default: /boot/System.map) 2586 | -p profile (Default: /proc/profile) 2587 | -M mult Set the profiling multiplier to mult 2588 | -i Print only info about the sampling step 2589 | -v Verbose 2590 | -a Print all symbols, even if count is 0 2591 | -b Print individual histogram-bin counts 2592 | -s Print individual counters within functions 2593 | -r Reset all the counters (root only) 2594 | -n Disable byte order auto-detection2595 |
realpath pathname...
2600 |Return the absolute pathnames of given argument
2601 |reformime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
2606 |Parse MIME-encoded message
2607 |Options:
2608 |2609 | -x prefix Extract content of MIME sections to files 2610 | -X prog [args] Filter content of MIME sections through prog. 2611 | Must be the last option2612 |
Other options are silently ignored.
2613 |renice {{-n INCREMENT} | PRIORITY} [[-p | -g | -u] ID...]
2618 |Change priority of running processes
2619 |Options:
2620 |2621 | -n Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster) 2622 | -p Process id(s) (default) 2623 | -g Process group id(s) 2624 | -u Process user name(s) and/or id(s)2625 |
reset
2630 |Reset the screen
2631 |resize
2636 |Resize the screen
2637 |rm [OPTIONS] FILE...
2642 |Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). Use '--' to 2643 | indicate that all following arguments are non-options.
2644 |Options:
2645 |2646 | -i Always prompt before removing 2647 | -f Never prompt 2648 | -r,-R Remove directories recursively2649 |
rmdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY...
2654 |Remove the DIRECTORY, if it is empty
2655 |Options:
2656 |2657 | -p|--parents Include parents 2658 | --ignore-fail-on-non-empty2659 |
rmmod [OPTIONS] [MODULE]...
2664 |Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel
2665 |Options:
2666 |2667 | -w Wait until the module is no longer used 2668 | -f Force unloading 2669 | -a Remove all unused modules (recursively)2670 |
route [{add|del|delete}]
2675 |Edit kernel routing tables
2676 |Options:
2677 |
2678 | -n Don't resolve names
2679 | -e Display other/more information
2680 | -A inet{6} Select address family
2681 | rpm -i -q[ildc]p package.rpm
2686 |Manipulate RPM packages
2687 |Options:
2688 |2689 | -i Install package 2690 | -q Query package 2691 | -p Query uninstalled package 2692 | -i Show information 2693 | -l List contents 2694 | -d List documents 2695 | -c List config files2696 |
rpm2cpio package.rpm
2701 |Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
2702 |rtcwake [-a | -l | -u] [-d DEV] [-m MODE] [-s SEC | -t TIME]
2707 |Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
2708 |2709 | -a,--auto Read clock mode from adjtime 2710 | -l,--local Clock is set to local time 2711 | -u,--utc Clock is set to UTC time 2712 | -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device 2713 | -m,--mode=MODE Set the sleep state (default: standby) 2714 | -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now 2715 | -t,--time=TIME Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch2716 |
run-parts [-t] [-l] [-a ARG] [-u MASK] DIRECTORY
2721 |Run a bunch of scripts in a directory
2722 |Options:
2723 |2724 | -t Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything 2725 | -a ARG Pass ARG as argument for every program 2726 | -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program 2727 | -l Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable2728 |
runlevel [utmp]
2733 |Find the current and previous system runlevel
2734 |If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, 2735 | print "unknown"
2736 |runsv dir
2741 |Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
2742 |runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] dir
2747 |Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.
2748 |2749 | -P Put each runsv in a new session 2750 | -s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed2751 |
rx FILE
2756 |Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
2757 |script [-afqt] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]
2762 |Options:
2763 |2764 | -a Append output 2765 | -c Run PROG, not shell 2766 | -f Flush output after each write 2767 | -q Quiet 2768 | -t Send timing to stderr2769 |
scriptreplay timingfile [typescript [divisor]]
2774 |Play back typescripts, using timing information
2775 |sed [-efinr] SED_CMD [FILE]...
2780 |Options:
2781 |2782 | -e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed 2783 | -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed 2784 | -i Edit files in-place 2785 | -n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space 2786 | -r Use extended regex syntax2787 |
If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed 2788 | command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no 2789 | input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files 2790 | will not be modified unless -i option is given.
2791 |sendmail [OPTIONS] [RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...
2796 |Read email from stdin and send it
2797 |Standard options:
2798 |2799 | -t Read additional recipients from message body 2800 | -f sender Sender (required) 2801 | -o options Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored2802 |
Busybox specific options:
2803 |2804 | -w seconds Network timeout 2805 | -H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper 2806 | Examples: 2807 | -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp 2808 | -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt 2809 | [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] 2810 | -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 2811 | -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt 2812 | [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>] 2813 | -S server[:port] Server 2814 | -au<username> Username for AUTH LOGIN 2815 | -ap<password> Password for AUTH LOGIN 2816 | -am<method> Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied2817 |
Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied 2818 | Use makemime applet to create message with attachments
2819 |seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST
2824 |Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. 2825 | FIRST, INC default to 1
2826 |Options:
2827 |2828 | -w Pad to last with leading zeros 2829 | -s SEP String separator2830 |
setarch personality program [args...]
2835 |Personality may be:
2836 |2837 | linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation 2838 | linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation2839 |
setconsole [-r|--reset] [DEVICE]
2844 |Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)
2845 |Options:
2846 |2847 | -r Reset output to /dev/console2848 |
setfont FONT [-m MAPFILE] [-C TTY]
2853 |Load a console font
2854 |Options:
2855 |2856 | -m MAPFILE Load console screen map 2857 | -C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty2858 |
setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE...
2863 |Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, 2864 | allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
2865 |SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), 2866 | and KEYCODE is given in decimal
2867 |setlogcons N
2872 |Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)
2873 |setsid PROG [ARG...]
2878 |Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
2879 | and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc).
2880 | See setsid(2) for details.
setuidgid account prog args
2886 |Set uid and gid to account's uid and gid, removing all supplementary 2887 | groups and run PROG
2888 |sha1sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... 2893 | or: sha1sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2894 |Print or check SHA1 checksums
2895 |Options:
2896 |2897 | -c Check sums against given list 2898 | -s Don't output anything, status code shows success 2899 | -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines2900 |
sha256sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... 2905 | or: sha256sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2906 |Print or check SHA256 checksums
2907 |Options:
2908 |2909 | -c Check sums against given list 2910 | -s Don't output anything, status code shows success 2911 | -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines2912 |
sha512sum [OPTIONS] [FILE]... 2917 | or: sha512sum [OPTIONS] -c [FILE]
2918 |Print or check SHA512 checksums
2919 |Options:
2920 |2921 | -c Check sums against given list 2922 | -s Don't output anything, status code shows success 2923 | -w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines2924 |
showkey [-a | -k | -s]
2929 |Show keys pressed
2930 |Options:
2931 |2932 | -a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys 2933 | -k Display interpreted keycodes (default) 2934 | -s Display raw scan-codes2935 |
slattach [-cehmLF] [-s SPEED] [-p PROTOCOL] DEVICE
2940 |Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)
2941 |Options:
2942 |2943 | -p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive) 2944 | -s SPD Set line speed 2945 | -e Exit after initializing device 2946 | -h Exit when the carrier is lost 2947 | -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up 2948 | -m Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode 2949 | -L Enable 3-wire operation 2950 | -F Disable RTS/CTS flow control2951 |
sleep [N]...
2956 |Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can 2957 | have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
2958 || softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES] 2963 | | |
| [-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] 2964 | | |
| PROG ARGS |
Set soft resource limits, then run PROG
2966 |Options:
2967 |2968 | -a BYTES Limit total size of all segments 2969 | -m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES 2970 | -d BYTES Limit data segment 2971 | -s BYTES Limit stack segment 2972 | -l BYTES Limit locked memory size 2973 | -o N Limit number of open files per process 2974 | -p N Limit number of processes per uid 2975 | Options controlling file sizes:2976 |
2977 | -f BYTES Limit output file sizes 2978 | -c BYTES Limit core file size 2979 | Efficiency opts:2980 |
2981 | -r BYTES Limit resident set size 2982 | -t N Limit CPU time, process receives 2983 | a SIGXCPU after N seconds2984 |
sort [-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt] [-o FILE] [-k start[.offset][opts][,end[.offset][opts]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...
2989 |Sort lines of text
2990 |Options:
2991 |2992 | -b Ignore leading blanks 2993 | -c Check whether input is sorted 2994 | -d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only) 2995 | -f Ignore case 2996 | -g General numerical sort 2997 | -i Ignore unprintable characters 2998 | -k Sort key 2999 | -M Sort month 3000 | -n Sort numbers 3001 | -o Output to file 3002 | -k Sort by key 3003 | -t CHAR Key separator 3004 | -r Reverse sort order 3005 | -s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically) 3006 | -u Suppress duplicate lines 3007 | -z Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline 3008 | -mST Ignored for GNU compatibility3009 |
split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]
3014 |Options:
3015 |3016 | -b n[k|m] Split by bytes 3017 | -l n Split by lines 3018 | -a n Use n letters as suffix3019 |
start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- arguments...]
3024 |Search for matching processes, and then 3025 | -K: stop all matching processes. 3026 | -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.
3027 |Process matching:
3028 |3029 | -u,--user USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes 3030 | -n,--name NAME Match processes with NAME 3031 | in comm field in /proc/PID/stat 3032 | -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command 3033 | in /proc/PID/cmdline 3034 | -p,--pidfile FILE Match a process with PID from the file 3035 | All specified conditions must match 3036 | -S only: 3037 | -x,--exec EXECUTABLE Program to run 3038 | -a,--startas NAME Zeroth argument 3039 | -b,--background Background 3040 | -N,--nicelevel N Change nice level 3041 | -c,--chuid USER[:[GRP]] Change to user/group 3042 | -m,--make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p 3043 | -K only: 3044 | -s,--signal SIG Signal to send 3045 | -t,--test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found 3046 | Other:3047 |
3048 | -o,--oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done 3049 | -v,--verbose Verbose 3050 | -q,--quiet Quiet3051 |
stat [OPTIONS] FILE...
3056 |Display file (default) or filesystem status
3057 |Options:
3058 |3059 | -c fmt Use the specified format 3060 | -f Display filesystem status 3061 | -L Dereference links 3062 | -t Display info in terse form3063 |
Valid format sequences for files:
3064 |3065 | %a Access rights in octal 3066 | %A Access rights in human readable form 3067 | %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B) 3068 | %B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b 3069 | %d Device number in decimal 3070 | %D Device number in hex 3071 | %f Raw mode in hex 3072 | %F File type 3073 | %g Group ID of owner 3074 | %G Group name of owner 3075 | %h Number of hard links 3076 | %i Inode number 3077 | %n File name 3078 | %N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink 3079 | %o I/O block size 3080 | %s Total size, in bytes 3081 | %t Major device type in hex 3082 | %T Minor device type in hex 3083 | %u User ID of owner 3084 | %U User name of owner 3085 | %x Time of last access 3086 | %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch 3087 | %y Time of last modification 3088 | %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch 3089 | %z Time of last change 3090 | %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch3091 |
Valid format sequences for file systems:
3092 |3093 | %a Free blocks available to non-superuser 3094 | %b Total data blocks in file system 3095 | %c Total file nodes in file system 3096 | %d Free file nodes in file system 3097 | %f Free blocks in file system 3098 | %i File System ID in hex 3099 | %l Maximum length of filenames 3100 | %n File name 3101 | %s Block size (for faster transfer) 3102 | %S Fundamental block size (for block counts) 3103 | %t Type in hex 3104 | %T Type in human readable form3105 |
strings [-afo] [-n LEN] [FILE]...
3110 |Display printable strings in a binary file
3111 |Options:
3112 |3113 | -a Scan whole file (default) 3114 | -f Precede strings with filenames 3115 | -n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4) 3116 | -o Precede strings with decimal offsets3117 |
stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...
3122 |Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, 3123 | and deviations from stty sane
3124 |Options:
3125 |3126 | -F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin 3127 | -a Print all current settings in human-readable form 3128 | -g Print in stty-readable form 3129 | [SETTING] See manpage3130 |
su [OPTIONS] [-] [username]
3135 |Change user id or become root
3136 |Options:
3137 |3138 | -p, -m Preserve environment 3139 | -c CMD Command to pass to 'sh -c' 3140 | -s SH Shell to use instead of default shell3141 |
sulogin [OPTIONS] [TTY]
3146 |Single user login
3147 |Options:
3148 |3149 | -t N Timeout3150 |
sum [-rs] [FILE]...
3155 |Checksum and count the blocks in a file
3156 |Options:
3157 |3158 | -r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks) 3159 | -s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)3160 |
sv [-v] [-w sec] command service...
3165 |Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. 3166 | Commands (only first character is enough):
3167 |status: query service status 3168 | up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it 3169 | once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it 3170 | down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish 3171 | if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service 3172 | exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, 3173 | runsv exits too 3174 | pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send 3175 | STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service
3176 |svlogd [-ttv] [-r c] [-R abc] [-l len] [-b buflen] dir...
3181 |Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally 3182 | filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically 3183 | rotated logs
3184 |swapoff [-a] [DEVICE]
3189 |Stop swapping on DEVICE
3190 |Options:
3191 |3192 | -a Stop swapping on all swap devices3193 |
swapon [-a] [-p pri] [DEVICE]
3198 |Start swapping on DEVICE
3199 |Options:
3200 |3201 | -a Start swapping on all swap devices 3202 | -p pri Set swap device priority3203 |
switch_root [-c /dev/console] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]
3208 |Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
3209 |chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, 3210 | execute NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.
3211 |Options:
3212 |3213 | -c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch3214 |
sync
3219 |Write all buffered blocks to disk
3220 |sysctl [OPTIONS] [VALUE]...
3225 |Configure kernel parameters at runtime
3226 |Options:
3227 |3228 | -n Don't print key names 3229 | -e Don't warn about unknown keys 3230 | -w Change sysctl setting 3231 | -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf) 3232 | -a Display all values 3233 | -A Display all values in table form3234 |
syslogd [OPTIONS]
3239 |System logging utility. 3240 | Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
3241 |Options:
3242 |3243 | -n Run in foreground 3244 | -O FILE Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages) 3245 | -l n Set local log level 3246 | -S Smaller logging output 3247 | -s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off) 3248 | -b NUM Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge) 3249 | -R HOST[:PORT] Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP) 3250 | -L Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R) 3251 | -D Drop duplicates 3252 | -C[size(KiB)] Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)3253 |
tac [FILE]...
3258 |Concatenate FILE(s) and print them in reverse
3259 |tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3264 |Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. 3265 | With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the 3266 | file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
3267 |Options:
3268 |3269 | -c N[kbm] Output the last N bytes 3270 | -n N[kbm] Print last N lines instead of last 10 3271 | -f Output data as the file grows 3272 | -q Never output headers giving file names 3273 | -s SEC Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f 3274 | -v Always output headers giving file names3275 |
If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with 3276 | the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items 3277 | in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).
3278 |tar -[czjaZxtvO] [-X FILE] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [FILE(s)]...
3283 |Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
3284 |Options:
3285 |3286 | c Create 3287 | x Extract 3288 | t List 3289 | Archive format selection:3290 |
3291 | z Filter the archive through gzip 3292 | j Filter the archive through bzip2 3293 | a Filter the archive through lzma 3294 | Z Filter the archive through compress 3295 | File selection:3296 |
3297 | f Name of TARFILE or "-" for stdin 3298 | O Extract to stdout 3299 | exclude File to exclude 3300 | X File with names to exclude 3301 | C Change to directory DIR before operation 3302 | v Verbose3303 |
taskset [-p] [MASK] [PID | PROG [ARGS]]
3308 |Set or get CPU affinity
3309 |Options:
3310 |3311 | -p Operate on an existing PID3312 |
tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG
3317 |Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen 3318 | for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection.
3319 |3320 | IP IP to listen on. '0' = all 3321 | PORT Port to listen on 3322 | PROG [ARGS] Program to run 3323 | -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) 3324 | -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind 3325 | -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously 3326 | -b N Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs 3327 | -C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP 3328 | New connections from this IP address are closed 3329 | immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close 3330 | -h Look up peer's hostname 3331 | -E Do not set up environment variables 3332 | -v Verbose3333 |
tee [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3338 |Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output
3339 |Options:
3340 |3341 | -a Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite 3342 | -i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)3343 |
telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]
3348 |Connect to telnet server
3349 |Options:
3350 |3351 | -a Automatic login with $USER variable 3352 | -l USER Automatic login as USER3353 |
telnetd [OPTIONS]
3358 |Handle incoming telnet connections
3359 |Options:
3360 |3361 | -l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect 3362 | -f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue 3363 | -K Close connection as soon as login exits 3364 | (normally wait until all programs close slave pty) 3365 | -p PORT Port to listen on 3366 | -b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to 3367 | -F Run in foreground 3368 | -i Run as inetd service 3369 | -w SEC Run as inetd service in wait mode, linger time SEC 3370 | -S Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)3371 |
test EXPRESSION ]
3376 |Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code 3377 | depending on logical value of EXPRESSION
3378 |tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]
3383 |Transfer a file from/to tftp server
3384 |Options:
3385 |3386 | -l FILE Local FILE 3387 | -r FILE Remote FILE 3388 | -g Get file 3389 | -p Put file 3390 | -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets3391 |
tftpd [-cr] [-u USER] [DIR]
3396 |Transfer a file on tftp client's request
3397 |tftpd should be used as an inetd service. 3398 | tftpd's line for inetd.conf: 3399 | 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve 3400 | It also can be ran from udpsvd:
3401 |3402 | udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve3403 |
Options:
3404 |3405 | -r Prohibit upload 3406 | -c Allow file creation via upload 3407 | -u Access files as USER3408 |
time [OPTIONS] PROG [ARGS]
3413 |Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.
3414 |Options:
3415 |3416 | -v Verbose3417 |
timeout [-t SECS] [-s SIG] PROG [ARGS]
3422 |Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. 3423 | Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.
3424 |top [-b] [-nCOUNT] [-dSECONDS] [-m]
3429 |Provide a view of process activity in real time. 3430 | Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS 3431 | and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.
3432 |touch [-c] [-d DATE] FILE [FILE]...
3437 |Update the last-modified date on the given FILE[s]
3438 |Options:
3439 |3440 | -c Do not create files 3441 | -d DT Date/time to use3442 |
tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
3447 |Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from 3448 | standard input, writing to standard output
3449 |Options:
3450 |3451 | -c Take complement of STRING1 3452 | -d Delete input characters coded STRING1 3453 | -s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character3454 |
| traceroute [-FIldnrv] [-f 1st_ttl] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q nqueries] 3459 | | |
| [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] [-g gateway] [-i iface] 3460 | | |
| [-z pausemsecs] HOST [data size] |
Trace the route to HOST
3462 |Options:
3463 |3464 | -F Set the don't fragment bit 3465 | -I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams 3466 | -l Display the ttl value of the returned packet 3467 | -d Set SO_DEBUG options to socket 3468 | -n Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically 3469 | -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host 3470 | -v Verbose 3471 | -m max_ttl Max time-to-live (max number of hops) 3472 | -p port# Base UDP port number used in probes 3473 | (default 33434) 3474 | -q nqueries Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3) 3475 | -s src_addr IP address to use as the source address 3476 | -t tos Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0) 3477 | -w wait Time in seconds to wait for a response 3478 | (default 3 sec) 3479 | -g Loose source route gateway (8 max)3480 |
true
3485 |Return an exit code of TRUE (0)
3486 |tty
3491 |Print file name of standard input's terminal
3492 |Options:
3493 |3494 | -s Print nothing, only return exit status3495 |
ttysize [w] [h]
3500 |Print dimension(s) of standard input's terminal, on error return 80x25
3501 || udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE] 3506 | | |
| [-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... |
3508 | -V,--vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier 3509 | -i,--interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0) 3510 | -H,-h,--hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname 3511 | -c,--clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier 3512 | -C,--clientid-none Suppress default client identifier 3513 | -p,--pidfile=file Create pidfile 3514 | -r,--request=IP IP address to request 3515 | -s,--script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script) 3516 | -t,--retries=N Send up to N request packets 3517 | -T,--timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3) 3518 | -A,--tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure 3519 | -O,--request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative) 3520 | -o,--no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given) 3521 | -f,--foreground Run in foreground 3522 | -b,--background Background if lease is not immediately obtained 3523 | -S,--syslog Log to syslog too 3524 | -n,--now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained 3525 | -q,--quit Quit after obtaining lease 3526 | -R,--release Release IP on quit 3527 | -a,--arping Use arping to validate offered address3528 |
udhcpd [-fS] [configfile]
3533 |DHCP server
3534 |3535 | -f Run in foreground 3536 | -S Log to syslog too3537 |
udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG
3542 |Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait 3543 | for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, 3544 | redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.
3545 |3546 | IP IP to listen on. '0' = all 3547 | PORT Port to listen on 3548 | PROG [ARGS] Program to run 3549 | -l NAME Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS) 3550 | -u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind 3551 | -c N Handle up to N connections simultaneously 3552 | -h Look up peer's hostname 3553 | -E Do not set up environment variables 3554 | -v Verbose3555 |
umount [flags] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
3560 |Unmount file systems
3561 |Options:
3562 |3563 | -a Unmount all file systems 3564 | -r Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy 3565 | -l Lazy umount (detach filesystem) 3566 | -f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server) 3567 | -d Free loop device if it has been used3568 |
uname [-amnrspv]
3573 |Print system information
3574 |Options:
3575 |3576 | -a Print all 3577 | -m The machine (hardware) type 3578 | -n Hostname 3579 | -r OS release 3580 | -s OS name (default) 3581 | -p Processor type 3582 | -v OS version3583 |
uncompress [-c] [-f] [name...]
3588 |Uncompress .Z file[s]
3589 |Options:
3590 |3591 | -c Extract to stdout 3592 | -f Overwrite an existing file3593 |
unexpand [-f][-a][-t NUM] [FILE|-]
3598 |Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output
3599 |Options:
3600 |3601 | -a,--all Convert all blanks 3602 | -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks 3603 | -t,--tabs=N Tabstops every N chars3604 |
uniq [-fscduw]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
3609 |Discard duplicate lines
3610 |Options:
3611 |3612 | -c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences 3613 | -d Only print duplicate lines 3614 | -u Only print unique lines 3615 | -f N Skip first N fields 3616 | -s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields) 3617 | -w N Compare N characters in line3618 |
unix2dos [OPTION] [FILE]
3623 |Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. 3624 | When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
3625 |Options:
3626 |3627 | -u dos2unix 3628 | -d unix2dos3629 |
unlzma [OPTIONS] [FILE]
3634 |Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-' or omitted)
3635 |Options:
3636 |3637 | -c Write to standard output 3638 | -f Force3639 |
unlzop [-cfvCF] [FILE]...
3644 |3645 | -c Write to standard output 3646 | -f Force 3647 | -v Verbose 3648 | -F Don't store or verify checksum3649 |
unzip [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
3654 |Extract files from ZIP archives
3655 |Options:
3656 |3657 | -l List archive contents (with -q for short form) 3658 | -n Never overwrite existing files (default) 3659 | -o Overwrite files without prompting 3660 | -p Send output to stdout 3661 | -q Quiet 3662 | -x Exclude these files 3663 | -d Extract files into this directory3664 |
uptime
3669 |Display the time since the last boot
3670 |usleep N
3675 |Pause for N microseconds
3676 |uudecode [-o outfile] [infile]
3681 |Uudecode a file 3682 | Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given
3683 |uuencode [-m] [infile] stored_filename
3688 |Uuencode a file to stdout
3689 |Options:
3690 |3691 | -m Use base64 encoding per RFC15213692 |
vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]
3697 |Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
3698 |Options:
3699 |3700 | add [interface-name] [vlan_id] 3701 | rem [vlan-name] 3702 | set_flag [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1] 3703 | set_egress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] 3704 | set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos] 3705 | set_name_type [name-type]3706 |
vi [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3711 |Edit FILE
3712 |Options:
3713 |3714 | -c Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available) 3715 | -R Read-only - do not write to the file 3716 | -H Short help regarding available features3717 |
vlock [OPTIONS]
3722 |Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
3723 |Options:
3724 |3725 | -a Lock all VTs3726 |
volname [DEVICE]
3731 |Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)
3732 |watch [-n seconds] [-t] PROG [ARGS]
3737 |Run PROG periodically
3738 |Options:
3739 |3740 | -n Loop period in seconds (default 2) 3741 | -t Don't print header3742 |
watchdog [-t N[ms]] [-T N[ms]] [-F] DEV
3747 |Periodically write to watchdog device DEV
3748 |Options:
3749 |3750 | -T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60) 3751 | -t N Reset every N seconds (default 30) 3752 | -F Run in foreground3753 |
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
3754 |wc [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
3759 |Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if 3760 | more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.
3761 |Options:
3762 |3763 | -c Print the byte counts 3764 | -l Print the newline counts 3765 | -L Print the length of the longest line 3766 | -w Print the word counts3767 |
| wget [-c|--continue] [-s|--spider] [-q|--quiet] [-O|--output-document file] 3772 | | |
| [--header 'header: value'] [-Y|--proxy on/off] [-P DIR] 3773 | | |
| [-U|--user-agent agent] url |
Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP
3775 |Options:
3776 |
3777 | -s Spider mode - only check file existence
3778 | -c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
3779 | -q Quiet
3780 | -P Set directory prefix to DIR
3781 | -O Save to filename ('-' for stdout)
3782 | -U Adjust 'User-Agent' field
3783 | -Y Use proxy ('on' or 'off')
3784 | which [COMMAND]...
3789 |Locate a COMMAND
3790 |who [-a]
3795 |Show who is logged on
3796 |Options:
3797 |3798 | -a show all3799 |
whoami
3804 |Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
3805 |xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG [ARGS]]
3810 |Run PROG on every item given by standard input
3811 |Options:
3812 |3813 | -p Ask user whether to run each command 3814 | -r Do not run command if input is empty 3815 | -0 Input is separated by NUL characters 3816 | -t Print the command on stderr before execution 3817 | -e[STR] STR stops input processing 3818 | -n N Pass no more than N args to PROG 3819 | -s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes 3820 | -x Exit if size is exceeded3821 |
yes [OPTIONS] [STRING]
3826 |Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or 'y'
3827 |zcat FILE
3832 |Uncompress to stdout
3833 |zcip [OPTIONS] IFACE SCRIPT
3838 |Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
3839 |Options:
3840 |3841 | -f Run in foreground 3842 | -q Quit after obtaining address 3843 | -r 169.254.x.x Request this address first 3844 | -v Verbose3845 |
With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, 3846 | exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)
3847 |3850 |
3851 |GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior 3854 | of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads 3855 | system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented 3856 | using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the 3857 | /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make 3858 | use of NSS. Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions 3859 | that require NSS.
3860 |If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal functions to 3861 | directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without 3862 | using NSS. This may allow you to run your system without the need for 3863 | installing any of the NSS configuration files and libraries.
3864 |When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require 3865 | that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in particular, 3866 | /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
3867 |Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In 3868 | addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the 3869 | use of any NSS support files or libraries.
3870 |3871 |
3872 |Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
3875 |3876 |
3877 |The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or 3880 | not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be 3881 | listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be 3882 | listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is 3883 | incorrect, please send in an update.
3884 |Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it> 3885 | run-parts
3886 |Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
3887 |3888 | Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the 3889 | core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files. 3890 | Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that 3891 | nobody is going to actually read.3892 |
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
3893 |3894 | rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm3895 |
Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
3896 |3897 | ftpput, ftpget3898 |
Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
3899 |3900 | expr, hostid, logname, whoami3901 |
John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
3902 |3903 | du, nslookup, sort3904 |
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
3905 |3906 | tiny-ls(ls)3907 |
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
3908 |3909 | fbset, ping, hostname3910 |
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
3911 |3912 | more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file, 3913 | various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance3914 |
Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
3915 |3916 | ipcalc3917 |
Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
3918 |3919 | tftp client insmod powerpc support3920 |
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
3921 |3922 | pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.3923 |
Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
3924 |3925 | httpd3926 |
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
3927 |3928 | Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support, 3929 | logread), various fixes.3930 |
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
3931 |3932 | cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.3933 |
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
3934 |3935 | mktemp.c3936 |
Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
3937 |3938 | documentation, bugfixes, test suite3939 |
Stephan Linz <linz@li-pro.net>
3940 |3941 | ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence3942 |
John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
3943 |3944 | tr3945 |
Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
3946 |3947 | Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput, 3948 | nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode. 3949 | Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.3950 |
Manuel Novoa III <mjn3@codepoet.org>
3951 |3952 | cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes, 3953 | mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string, 3954 | get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines3955 |
3956 | also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in 3957 | ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir, 3958 | mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable, 3959 | interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route3960 |
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
3961 |3962 | cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current); 3963 | ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top; 3964 | locale, various fixes 3965 | and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.3966 |
Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
3967 |3968 | Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can 3969 | still be found hiding here and there...3970 |
Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
3971 |3972 | bug fixes, member of fan club3973 |
Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
3974 |3975 | reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.3976 |
Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
3977 |3978 | wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications3979 |
Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
3980 |3981 | Lots of bugs fixes and patches.3982 |
Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>
3983 |3984 | Remote logging feature for syslogd3985 |
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
3986 |3987 | mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix3988 |
Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
3989 |3990 | grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous), 3991 | style-guide, new-applet-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.3992 |
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
3993 |3994 | gzip, mini-netcat(nc)3995 |
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
3996 |3997 | tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance3998 |
Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
3999 |4000 | devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.4001 | 4002 | 4003 | 4004 | 4005 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------