├── .gitignore ├── bin └── serve ├── data └── testdata.json ├── app ├── modules.js ├── logicalOperators.js ├── recursion.js ├── async.js ├── objects.js ├── numbers.js ├── regex.js ├── flowControl.js ├── functions.js ├── config.js ├── arrays.js └── bestPractices.js ├── help.txt ├── Gruntfile.js ├── .jshintrc ├── tests ├── runner.html ├── app │ ├── logicalOperators.js │ ├── modules.js │ ├── bestPractices.js │ ├── flowControl.js │ ├── async.js │ ├── numbers.js │ ├── objects.js │ ├── recursion.js │ ├── regex.js │ ├── arrays.js │ └── functions.js ├── runner.js └── libs │ └── mocha.css ├── server └── server.js ├── package.json ├── lib ├── plugins │ ├── text.js │ └── use.js ├── underscore.js └── backbone.js └── README.md /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | npm-debug.log 2 | node_modules/ 3 | .DS_Store -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bin/serve: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env node 2 | server = require('../server/server.js'); 3 | 4 | server({ port : 4444, dev : true }); 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /data/testdata.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "people" : [ 3 | { "name" : "Matt" }, 4 | { "name" : "Rebecca" }, 5 | { "name" : "Paul" }, 6 | { "name" : "Alex" }, 7 | { "name" : "Adam" } 8 | ] 9 | } 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/modules.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | createModule : function(str1, str2) { 6 | 7 | } 8 | }; 9 | }); 10 | 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/logicalOperators.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | or : function(a, b) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | and : function(a, b) { 10 | 11 | } 12 | }; 13 | }); 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/recursion.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | listFiles: function(data, dirName) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | permute: function(arr) { 10 | 11 | } 12 | }; 13 | }); 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/async.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define([ 'jquery' ], function($) { 4 | return { 5 | async : function(value) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | manipulateRemoteData : function(url) { 10 | 11 | } 12 | }; 13 | }); 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/objects.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | alterContext : function(fn, obj) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | alterObjects : function(constructor, greeting) { 10 | 11 | }, 12 | 13 | iterate : function(obj) { 14 | 15 | } 16 | }; 17 | }); 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/numbers.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | valueAtBit: function(num, bit) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | base10: function(str) { 10 | 11 | }, 12 | 13 | convertToBinary: function(num) { 14 | 15 | }, 16 | 17 | multiply: function(a, b) { 18 | 19 | } 20 | }; 21 | }); 22 | 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /help.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | To work on the tests, open a browser and visit http://localhost:{{port}}. 2 | 3 | The tests are in files in the tests/app directory; you will need to fill out 4 | the answers in the corresponding files in the app directory, reloading your 5 | browser to see whether the tests are passing. 6 | 7 | For some tests, the instructions will be more involved; in those cases, the 8 | inline comments should give you the details you need. 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Gruntfile.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | module.exports = function(grunt) { 2 | grunt.initConfig({ 3 | jshint: { 4 | all: [ 5 | 'app/**/*.js', 6 | 'tests/app/**/*.js', 7 | 'tests/runner.js', 8 | 'Gruntfile.js', 9 | '!app/bestPractices.js' 10 | ], 11 | options: { 12 | jshintrc: '.jshintrc' 13 | } 14 | } 15 | }); 16 | 17 | grunt.loadNpmTasks('grunt-contrib-jshint'); 18 | 19 | grunt.registerTask('default', [ 'jshint' ]); 20 | }; 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.jshintrc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "node" : true, 3 | "browser" : true, 4 | 5 | "boss" : false, 6 | "curly": false, 7 | "debug": false, 8 | "devel": false, 9 | "eqeqeq": true, 10 | "evil": true, 11 | "forin": false, 12 | "immed": true, 13 | "laxbreak": false, 14 | "newcap": true, 15 | "noarg": true, 16 | "noempty": false, 17 | "nonew": false, 18 | "nomen": false, 19 | "plusplus": false, 20 | "regexp": false, 21 | "undef": true, 22 | "sub": true, 23 | "strict": false, 24 | "quotmark": "single" 25 | } 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/regex.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | containsNumber : function(str) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | containsRepeatingLetter : function(str) { 10 | 11 | }, 12 | 13 | endsWithVowel : function(str) { 14 | 15 | }, 16 | 17 | captureThreeNumbers : function(str) { 18 | 19 | }, 20 | 21 | matchesPattern : function(str) { 22 | 23 | }, 24 | isUSD : function(str) { 25 | 26 | } 27 | }; 28 | }); 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/runner.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mocha Tests 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
12 |
13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/flowControl.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | fizzBuzz : function(num) { 6 | // write a function that receives a number as its argument; 7 | // if the number is divisible by 3, the function should return 'fizz'; 8 | // if the number is divisible by 5, the function should return 'buzz'; 9 | // if the number is divisible by 3 and 5, the function should return 10 | // 'fizzbuzz'; 11 | // 12 | // otherwise the function should return the number, or false if no number 13 | // was provided or the value provided is not a number 14 | } 15 | }; 16 | }); 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/functions.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | argsAsArray : function(fn, arr) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | speak : function(fn, obj) { 10 | 11 | }, 12 | 13 | functionFunction : function(str) { 14 | 15 | }, 16 | 17 | makeClosures : function(arr, fn) { 18 | 19 | }, 20 | 21 | partial : function(fn, str1, str2) { 22 | 23 | }, 24 | 25 | useArguments : function() { 26 | 27 | }, 28 | 29 | callIt : function(fn) { 30 | 31 | }, 32 | 33 | partialUsingArguments : function(fn) { 34 | 35 | }, 36 | 37 | curryIt : function(fn) { 38 | 39 | } 40 | }; 41 | }); 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/config.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Set the require.js configuration for your application. 2 | require.config({ 3 | // Initialize the application with the main application file 4 | deps : [ 'tests/runner' ], 5 | 6 | paths : { 7 | // JavaScript folders 8 | lib : '../lib', 9 | plugins : '../lib/plugins', 10 | tests : '../tests', 11 | app : '../app', 12 | 13 | // Libraries 14 | jquery : '../lib/jquery', 15 | underscore : '../lib/underscore', 16 | backbone : '../lib/backbone', 17 | 18 | // Require plugin 19 | text : '../lib/plugins/text' 20 | }, 21 | 22 | shim : { 23 | underscore : { 24 | exports : '_' 25 | }, 26 | backbone : { 27 | deps : [ 'underscore', 'jquery' ], 28 | exports : 'Backbone' 29 | } 30 | } 31 | }); 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/arrays.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | define(function() { 4 | return { 5 | indexOf : function(arr, item) { 6 | 7 | }, 8 | 9 | sum : function(arr) { 10 | 11 | }, 12 | 13 | remove : function(arr, item) { 14 | 15 | }, 16 | 17 | removeWithoutCopy : function(arr, item) { 18 | 19 | }, 20 | 21 | append : function(arr, item) { 22 | 23 | }, 24 | 25 | truncate : function(arr) { 26 | 27 | }, 28 | 29 | concat : function(arr1, arr2) { 30 | 31 | }, 32 | 33 | insert : function(arr, item, index) { 34 | 35 | }, 36 | 37 | count : function(arr, item) { 38 | 39 | }, 40 | 41 | duplicates : function(arr) { 42 | 43 | }, 44 | 45 | square : function(arr) { 46 | 47 | }, 48 | 49 | findAllOccurrences : function(arr, target) { 50 | 51 | } 52 | }; 53 | }); 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app/bestPractices.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | /** 4 | * This file defines an object with some methods. Some of these methods are 5 | * populated incorrectly; your job is to fix them. Other methods are not 6 | * populated at all; your job is to fill them out. 7 | */ 8 | define(function() { 9 | return { 10 | globals : function() { 11 | myObject = { 12 | name : 'Jory' 13 | }; 14 | 15 | return myObject; 16 | }, 17 | 18 | functions : function(flag) { 19 | if (flag) { 20 | function getValue() { return 'a'; } 21 | } else { 22 | function getValue() { return 'b'; } 23 | } 24 | 25 | return getValue(); 26 | }, 27 | 28 | parseInt : function(num) { 29 | return parseInt(num); 30 | }, 31 | 32 | identity : function(val1, val2) { 33 | 34 | } 35 | }; 36 | }); 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/logicalOperators.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*jshint expr:true */ 2 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 3 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 4 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 5 | 6 | define([ 7 | 'app/logicalOperators' 8 | ], function(answers) { 9 | describe('logical operators', function(){ 10 | it('you should be able to work with logical and', function() { 11 | expect(answers.and(false, false)).not.to.be.ok; 12 | expect(answers.and(true, false)).not.to.be.ok; 13 | expect(answers.and(true, true)).to.be.ok; 14 | }); 15 | 16 | it('you should be able to work with logical or', function() { 17 | expect(answers.or(true, false)).to.be.ok; 18 | expect(answers.or(true, true)).to.be.ok; 19 | expect(answers.or(false, false)).not.to.be.ok; 20 | }); 21 | }); 22 | }); 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/modules.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/modules' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('the module pattern', function() { 9 | it('you should be able to create a function that returns a module', function() { 10 | var module = answers.createModule('hello', 'matt'); 11 | 12 | expect(module.sayIt).to.be.a('function'); 13 | expect(module.name).to.eql('matt'); 14 | expect(module.greeting).to.eql('hello'); 15 | expect(module.sayIt()).to.eql('hello, matt'); 16 | 17 | module.name = 'katniss'; 18 | module.greeting = 'hi'; 19 | expect(module.name).to.eql('katniss'); 20 | expect(module.greeting).to.eql('hi'); 21 | expect(module.sayIt()).to.eql('hi, katniss'); 22 | }); 23 | }); 24 | }); 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server/server.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | var express = require('express'), 2 | fs = require('fs'), 3 | _ = require('underscore'), 4 | 5 | site = express.createServer(), 6 | staticDir = express['static']; 7 | 8 | module.exports = function(opts) { 9 | opts = _.extend({ 10 | port : 4444, 11 | baseDir : './' 12 | }, opts || {}); 13 | 14 | site.configure(function() { 15 | [ 'app', 'lib', 'tests', 'data', 'answers' ].forEach(function(dir) { 16 | site.use('/' + dir, staticDir(opts.baseDir + dir)); 17 | }); 18 | site.use(express.bodyParser()); 19 | }); 20 | 21 | site.get("/", function(req, res) { 22 | fs.createReadStream(opts.baseDir + 'tests/runner.html').pipe(res); 23 | }); 24 | 25 | site.listen(opts.port); 26 | 27 | fs.readFile(opts.baseDir + 'help.txt', 'utf-8', function(err, f) { 28 | console.log(f.replace('{{port}}', opts.port)); 29 | console.log("\n\nServing at http://localhost:" + opts.port); 30 | }); 31 | }; 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /package.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "author": "Rebecca Murphey (http://rmurphey.com)", 3 | "name": "js-assessment", 4 | "description": "A test-driven assessment of JavaScript skills", 5 | "version": "0.1.0", 6 | "homepage": "http://rmurphey.com", 7 | "repository": { 8 | "type": "git", 9 | "url": "git://github.com/rmurphey/js-assessment.git" 10 | }, 11 | "engines": { 12 | "node": "~0.6.8" 13 | }, 14 | "dependencies": { 15 | "express" : "2.5.x", 16 | "underscore" : "1.3.x", 17 | "amdefine" : "0.0.2", 18 | "expect.js" : "0.1.2", 19 | "grunt": "~0.4.0", 20 | "grunt-contrib-jshint": "~0.1.0" 21 | }, 22 | "devDependencies": { 23 | "mocha" : "1.2.x", 24 | "requirejs" : "1.0.x" 25 | }, 26 | "scripts": { 27 | "start": "node bin/serve", 28 | "test": "./node_modules/mocha/bin/mocha -R spec tests/runner.js" 29 | }, 30 | "bin" : "bin/serve", 31 | "bugs" : { 32 | "url" : "https://github.com/rmurphey/js-assessment/issues" 33 | } 34 | } 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/runner.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals mocha:true */ 2 | var tests = [ 3 | // link to test files here 4 | 'tests/app/bestPractices', 5 | 'tests/app/arrays', 6 | 'tests/app/objects', 7 | 'tests/app/functions', 8 | 'tests/app/modules', 9 | 'tests/app/flowControl', 10 | 'tests/app/logicalOperators', 11 | 'tests/app/regex', 12 | 'tests/app/recursion', 13 | 'tests/app/numbers' 14 | ]; 15 | 16 | if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { 17 | tests.push('tests/app/async'); 18 | } else { 19 | var requirejs = require('requirejs'); 20 | requirejs.config({ 21 | baseUrl : __dirname + '/../', 22 | nodeRequire : require, 23 | paths : { 24 | // Libraries 25 | underscore : 'lib/underscore', 26 | 27 | // Shim Plugin 28 | use : 'lib/plugins/use', 29 | text : 'lib/plugins/text', 30 | jquery : 'lib/jquery' 31 | }, 32 | 33 | use : { 34 | underscore : { 35 | attach : '_' 36 | } 37 | } 38 | }); 39 | } 40 | 41 | requirejs(tests, function() { 42 | if (typeof mocha !== 'undefined') { 43 | mocha.run(); 44 | } 45 | }); 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/bestPractices.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*jshint expr:true*/ 2 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 3 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 4 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 5 | 6 | define([ 7 | 'app/bestPractices' 8 | ], function(answers) { 9 | describe('best practices', function(){ 10 | it('you should avoid global variables', function() { 11 | answers.globals(); 12 | expect(window.myObject).not.to.be.ok; 13 | }); 14 | 15 | it('you should declare functions safely', function() { 16 | var val = answers.functions(true); 17 | expect(val).to.eql('a'); 18 | }); 19 | 20 | it('you should use parseInt correctly', function() { 21 | expect(answers.parseInt('12')).to.eql(12); 22 | expect(answers.parseInt('12px')).to.eql(12); 23 | expect(answers.parseInt('0x12')).to.eql(0); 24 | }); 25 | 26 | it('you should understand strict comparison', function() { 27 | expect(answers.identity(1, '1')).to.eql(false); 28 | expect(answers.identity(1, 1)).to.eql(true); 29 | expect(answers.identity(0, false)).to.eql(false); 30 | }); 31 | 32 | }); 33 | }); 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/flowControl.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*jshint expr:true */ 2 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 3 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 4 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 5 | 6 | define([ 7 | 'app/flowControl' 8 | ], function(answers) { 9 | describe('flow control', function() { 10 | it('you should be able to conditionally branch your code', function() { 11 | var num = 0; 12 | 13 | while (num % 3 === 0 || num % 5 === 0) { 14 | num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1; 15 | } 16 | 17 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz()).not.to.be.ok; 18 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz('foo')).not.to.be.ok; 19 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(2)).to.eql(2); 20 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(101)).to.eql(101); 21 | 22 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(3)).to.eql('fizz'); 23 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(6)).to.eql('fizz'); 24 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(num * 3)).to.eql('fizz'); 25 | 26 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(5)).to.eql('buzz'); 27 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(10)).to.eql('buzz'); 28 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(num * 5)).to.eql('buzz'); 29 | 30 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(15)).to.eql('fizzbuzz'); 31 | expect(answers.fizzBuzz(num * 3 * 5)).to.eql('fizzbuzz'); 32 | }); 33 | }); 34 | }); 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/async.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/async' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('async behavior', function() { 9 | it('you should understand how to use promises to handle asynchronicity', function(done) { 10 | var flag = false; 11 | var finished = 0; 12 | var total = 2; 13 | 14 | function finish(done) { 15 | if (++finished === total) { done(); } 16 | } 17 | 18 | answers.async(true).then(function(result) { 19 | flag = result; 20 | expect(flag).to.eql(true); 21 | finish(done); 22 | }); 23 | 24 | answers.async('success').then(function(result) { 25 | flag = result; 26 | expect(flag).to.eql('success'); 27 | finish(done); 28 | }); 29 | 30 | expect(flag).to.eql(false); 31 | }); 32 | 33 | it('you should be able to receive data from the server and manipulate it', function(done) { 34 | var url = '/data/testdata.json'; 35 | 36 | answers.manipulateRemoteData(url).then(function(result) { 37 | expect(result).to.have.length(5); 38 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('Adam Alex Matt Paul Rebecca'); 39 | done(); 40 | }); 41 | }); 42 | }); 43 | }); 44 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/numbers.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/numbers' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('numbers', function() { 9 | describe('binary operations', function() { 10 | it('you should be able to find the value of a given bit', function() { 11 | expect(answers.valueAtBit(128, 8)).to.eql(1); 12 | expect(answers.valueAtBit(65, 1)).to.eql(1); 13 | expect(answers.valueAtBit(65, 7)).to.eql(1); 14 | expect(answers.valueAtBit(128, 1)).to.eql(0); 15 | }); 16 | 17 | it('you should be able to return the base10 representation of a binary string', function() { 18 | expect(answers.base10('11000000')).to.eql(192); 19 | }); 20 | 21 | it('you should be able to convert an eight-bit number to a binary string', function() { 22 | expect(answers.convertToBinary(128)).to.eql('10000000'); 23 | expect(answers.convertToBinary(65)).to.eql('01000001'); 24 | }); 25 | }); 26 | 27 | describe('decimals', function() { 28 | it('you should be able to multiply with precision', function() { 29 | expect(answers.multiply(3, 0.1)).to.eql(0.3); 30 | expect(answers.multiply(3, 0.2)).to.eql(0.6); 31 | expect(answers.multiply(3, 0.0001)).to.eql(0.0003); 32 | }); 33 | }); 34 | }); 35 | }); 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/objects.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/objects' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('objects and context', function() { 9 | var a, b, C; 10 | 11 | beforeEach(function() { 12 | a = { 13 | name : 'Matt', 14 | greeting : 'Hello', 15 | sayIt : function() { 16 | return this.greeting + ', ' + 17 | this.name + '!'; 18 | } 19 | }; 20 | 21 | b = { 22 | name : 'Rebecca', 23 | greeting : 'Yo' 24 | }; 25 | 26 | C = function(name) { 27 | this.name = name; 28 | return this; 29 | }; 30 | }); 31 | 32 | it('you should be able to alter the context in which a method runs', function() { 33 | // define a function for fn so that the following will pass 34 | expect(answers.alterContext(a.sayIt, b)).to.eql('Yo, Rebecca!'); 35 | }); 36 | 37 | it('you should be able to alter multiple objects at once', function() { 38 | // define a function for fn so that the following will pass 39 | var obj1 = new C('Rebecca'), 40 | obj2 = new C('Melissa'), 41 | greeting = 'What\'s up'; 42 | 43 | answers.alterObjects(C, greeting); 44 | 45 | expect(obj1.greeting).to.eql(greeting); 46 | expect(obj2.greeting).to.eql(greeting); 47 | expect(new C('Ellie').greeting).to.eql(greeting); 48 | }); 49 | 50 | it('you should be able to iterate over an object\'s "own" properties', function() { 51 | // define a function for fn so that the following will pass 52 | var C = function() { 53 | this.foo = 'bar'; 54 | this.baz = 'bim'; 55 | }; 56 | 57 | C.prototype.bop = 'bip'; 58 | 59 | var obj = new C(); 60 | 61 | expect(answers.iterate(obj)).to.eql([ 'foo: bar', 'baz: bim' ]); 62 | }); 63 | }); 64 | }); 65 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/recursion.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*jshint expr:true */ 2 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 3 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 4 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 5 | 6 | define([ 7 | 'app/recursion', 8 | 'underscore' 9 | ], function(answers, _) { 10 | describe('recursion', function() { 11 | var fileData = { 12 | dir : 'app', 13 | files : [ 14 | 'index.html', 15 | { 16 | dir : 'js', 17 | files: [ 18 | 'main.js', 19 | 'app.js', 20 | 'misc.js', 21 | { 22 | dir : 'vendor', 23 | files : [ 24 | 'jquery.js', 25 | 'underscore.js' 26 | ] 27 | } 28 | ] 29 | }, 30 | { 31 | dir : 'css', 32 | files : [ 33 | 'reset.css', 34 | 'main.css' 35 | ] 36 | } 37 | ] 38 | }; 39 | 40 | it('you should be able to return a list of files from the data', function() { 41 | var result = answers.listFiles(fileData); 42 | expect(result.length).to.eql(8); 43 | expect(result.indexOf('index.html') > -1).to.be.ok; 44 | expect(result.indexOf('main.js') > -1).to.be.ok; 45 | expect(result.indexOf('underscore.js') > -1).to.be.ok; 46 | }); 47 | 48 | it('you should be able to return a list of files in a subdir', function() { 49 | var result = answers.listFiles(fileData, 'js'); 50 | expect(result.length).to.eql(5); 51 | expect(result.indexOf('main.js') > -1).to.be.ok; 52 | expect(result.indexOf('underscore.js') > -1).to.be.ok; 53 | }); 54 | }); 55 | 56 | describe('permutation', function() { 57 | var arr = [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]; 58 | var answer = [ 59 | [1, 2, 3, 4], 60 | [1, 2, 4, 3], 61 | [1, 3, 2, 4], 62 | [1, 3, 4, 2], 63 | [1, 4, 2, 3], 64 | [1, 4, 3, 2], 65 | [2, 1, 3, 4], 66 | [2, 1, 4, 3], 67 | [2, 3, 1, 4], 68 | [2, 3, 4, 1], 69 | [2, 4, 1, 3], 70 | [2, 4, 3, 1], 71 | [3, 1, 2, 4], 72 | [3, 1, 4, 2], 73 | [3, 2, 1, 4], 74 | [3, 2, 4, 1], 75 | [3, 4, 1, 2], 76 | [3, 4, 2, 1], 77 | [4, 1, 2, 3], 78 | [4, 1, 3, 2], 79 | [4, 2, 1, 3], 80 | [4, 2, 3, 1], 81 | [4, 3, 1, 2], 82 | [4, 3, 2, 1] 83 | ]; 84 | 85 | it('you should be able to return the permutations of an array', function() { 86 | var result = answers.permute(arr); 87 | var resultStrings = _.map(result, function(r) { return r.join(''); }); 88 | 89 | expect(result.length).to.eql(answer.length); 90 | 91 | _.each(answer, function(a) { 92 | expect(resultStrings.indexOf(a.join('')) > -1).to.be.ok; 93 | }); 94 | }); 95 | }); 96 | 97 | }); 98 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /lib/plugins/text.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* 2 | RequireJS text 1.0.7 Copyright (c) 2010-2011, The Dojo Foundation All Rights Reserved. 3 | Available via the MIT or new BSD license. 4 | see: http://github.com/jrburke/requirejs for details 5 | */ 6 | (function(){var k=["Msxml2.XMLHTTP","Microsoft.XMLHTTP","Msxml2.XMLHTTP.4.0"],n=/^\s*<\?xml(\s)+version=[\'\"](\d)*.(\d)*[\'\"](\s)*\?>/im,o=/]*>\s*([\s\S]+)\s*<\/body>/im,i=typeof location!=="undefined"&&location.href,p=i&&location.protocol&&location.protocol.replace(/\:/,""),q=i&&location.hostname,r=i&&(location.port||void 0),j=[];define(function(){var g,h,l;typeof window!=="undefined"&&window.navigator&&window.document?h=function(a,c){var b=g.createXhr();b.open("GET",a,!0);b.onreadystatechange= 7 | function(){b.readyState===4&&c(b.responseText)};b.send(null)}:typeof process!=="undefined"&&process.versions&&process.versions.node?(l=require.nodeRequire("fs"),h=function(a,c){var b=l.readFileSync(a,"utf8");b.indexOf("\ufeff")===0&&(b=b.substring(1));c(b)}):typeof Packages!=="undefined"&&(h=function(a,c){var b=new java.io.File(a),e=java.lang.System.getProperty("line.separator"),b=new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(new java.io.FileInputStream(b),"utf-8")),d,f,g="";try{d=new java.lang.StringBuffer; 8 | (f=b.readLine())&&f.length()&&f.charAt(0)===65279&&(f=f.substring(1));for(d.append(f);(f=b.readLine())!==null;)d.append(e),d.append(f);g=String(d.toString())}finally{b.close()}c(g)});return g={version:"1.0.7",strip:function(a){if(a){var a=a.replace(n,""),c=a.match(o);c&&(a=c[1])}else a="";return a},jsEscape:function(a){return a.replace(/(['\\])/g,"\\$1").replace(/[\f]/g,"\\f").replace(/[\b]/g,"\\b").replace(/[\n]/g,"\\n").replace(/[\t]/g,"\\t").replace(/[\r]/g,"\\r")},createXhr:function(){var a,c, 9 | b;if(typeof XMLHttpRequest!=="undefined")return new XMLHttpRequest;else for(c=0;c<3;c++){b=k[c];try{a=new ActiveXObject(b)}catch(e){}if(a){k=[b];break}}if(!a)throw Error("createXhr(): XMLHttpRequest not available");return a},get:h,parseName:function(a){var c=!1,b=a.indexOf("."),e=a.substring(0,b),a=a.substring(b+1,a.length),b=a.indexOf("!");b!==-1&&(c=a.substring(b+1,a.length),c=c==="strip",a=a.substring(0,b));return{moduleName:e,ext:a,strip:c}},xdRegExp:/^((\w+)\:)?\/\/([^\/\\]+)/,useXhr:function(a, 10 | c,b,e){var d=g.xdRegExp.exec(a),f;if(!d)return!0;a=d[2];d=d[3];d=d.split(":");f=d[1];d=d[0];return(!a||a===c)&&(!d||d===b)&&(!f&&!d||f===e)},finishLoad:function(a,c,b,e,d){b=c?g.strip(b):b;d.isBuild&&(j[a]=b);e(b)},load:function(a,c,b,e){if(e.isBuild&&!e.inlineText)b();else{var d=g.parseName(a),f=d.moduleName+"."+d.ext,m=c.toUrl(f),h=e&&e.text&&e.text.useXhr||g.useXhr;!i||h(m,p,q,r)?g.get(m,function(c){g.finishLoad(a,d.strip,c,b,e)}):c([f],function(a){g.finishLoad(d.moduleName+"."+d.ext,d.strip,a, 11 | b,e)})}},write:function(a,c,b){if(c in j){var e=g.jsEscape(j[c]);b.asModule(a+"!"+c,"define(function () { return '"+e+"';});\n")}},writeFile:function(a,c,b,e,d){var c=g.parseName(c),f=c.moduleName+"."+c.ext,h=b.toUrl(c.moduleName+"."+c.ext)+".js";g.load(f,b,function(){var b=function(a){return e(h,a)};b.asModule=function(a,b){return e.asModule(a,h,b)};g.write(a,f,b,d)},d)}}})})(); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /lib/plugins/use.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 2 | 3 | /* RequireJS Use Plugin v0.2.0 4 | * Copyright 2012, Tim Branyen (@tbranyen) 5 | * use.js may be freely distributed under the MIT license. 6 | */ 7 | (function() { 8 | 9 | // Cache used to map configuration options between load and write. 10 | var buildMap = {}; 11 | 12 | define({ 13 | version: "0.2.0", 14 | 15 | // Invoked by the AMD builder, passed the path to resolve, the require 16 | // function, done callback, and the configuration options. 17 | load: function(name, req, load, config) { 18 | // Dojo provides access to the config object through the req function. 19 | if (!config) { 20 | config = require.rawConfig; 21 | } 22 | 23 | var module = config.use && config.use[name]; 24 | 25 | // No module to load, throw. 26 | if (!module) { 27 | throw new TypeError("Module '" + name + "' is undefined or does not" + 28 | " have a `use` config. Make sure it exists, add a `use` config, or" + 29 | " don't use use! on it"); 30 | } 31 | 32 | // Attach to the build map for use in the write method below. 33 | buildMap[name] = { deps: module.deps || [], attach: module.attach }; 34 | 35 | // Read the current module configuration for any dependencies that are 36 | // required to run this particular non-AMD module. 37 | req(module.deps || [], function() { 38 | var depArgs = arguments; 39 | // Require this module 40 | req([name], function() { 41 | // Attach property 42 | var attach = module.attach; 43 | 44 | // If doing a build don't care about loading 45 | if (config.isBuild) { 46 | return load(); 47 | } 48 | 49 | // Return the correct attached object 50 | if (typeof attach === "function") { 51 | return load(attach.apply(this, depArgs)); 52 | } 53 | 54 | // Use window for now (maybe this?) 55 | return load(this[attach]); 56 | }); 57 | }); 58 | }, 59 | 60 | // Also invoked by the AMD builder, this writes out a compatible define 61 | // call that will work with loaders such as almond.js that cannot read 62 | // the configuration data. 63 | write: function(pluginName, moduleName, write) { 64 | var module = buildMap[moduleName]; 65 | var deps = module.deps; 66 | var normalize = { attach: null, deps: "" }; 67 | 68 | // Normalize the attach to window[name] or function() { } 69 | if (typeof module.attach === "function") { 70 | normalize.attach = module.attach.toString(); 71 | } else { 72 | normalize.attach = [ 73 | "function() {", 74 | "return typeof ", module.attach, 75 | " !== \"undefined\" ? ", module.attach, " : void 0;", 76 | "}" 77 | ].join(""); 78 | } 79 | 80 | // Normalize the dependencies to have proper string characters 81 | if (deps.length) { 82 | normalize.deps = "'" + deps.toString().split(",").join("','") + "'"; 83 | } 84 | 85 | // Write out the actual definition 86 | write([ 87 | "define('", pluginName, "!", moduleName, "', ", 88 | "[", normalize.deps, "], ", normalize.attach, 89 | ");\n" 90 | ].join("")); 91 | } 92 | }); 93 | 94 | })(); 95 | 96 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/regex.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/regex' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('regular expressions', function() { 9 | it('you should be able to detect a number in a string', function() { 10 | expect(answers.containsNumber('abc123')).to.eql(true); 11 | expect(answers.containsNumber('abc')).to.eql(false); 12 | }); 13 | 14 | it('you should be able to detect a repeating letter in a string', function() { 15 | expect(answers.containsRepeatingLetter('bookkeeping')).to.eql(true); 16 | expect(answers.containsRepeatingLetter('rattler')).to.eql(true); 17 | expect(answers.containsRepeatingLetter('ZEPPELIN')).to.eql(true); 18 | expect(answers.containsRepeatingLetter('cats')).to.eql(false); 19 | expect(answers.containsRepeatingLetter('l33t')).to.eql(false); 20 | }); 21 | 22 | it('you should be able to determine whether a string ends with a vowel (aeiou)', function() { 23 | expect(answers.endsWithVowel('cats')).to.eql(false); 24 | expect(answers.endsWithVowel('gorilla')).to.eql(true); 25 | expect(answers.endsWithVowel('I KNOW KUNG FU')).to.eql(true); 26 | }); 27 | 28 | it('you should be able to capture the first series of three numbers', function() { 29 | expect(answers.captureThreeNumbers('abc123')).to.eql('123'); 30 | expect(answers.captureThreeNumbers('9876543')).to.eql('987'); 31 | expect(answers.captureThreeNumbers('abcdef')).to.eql(false); 32 | expect(answers.captureThreeNumbers('12ab12ab')).to.eql(false); 33 | }); 34 | 35 | it('you should be able to determine whether a string matches a pattern', function() { 36 | // the pattern is XXX-XXX-XXXX where all X's are digits 37 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('800-555-1212')).to.eql(true); 38 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('451-933-7899')).to.eql(true); 39 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('33-444-5555')).to.eql(false); 40 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('abc-def-hijk')).to.eql(false); 41 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('1800-555-1212')).to.eql(false); 42 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('800-555-12121')).to.eql(false); 43 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('800-5555-1212')).to.eql(false); 44 | expect(answers.matchesPattern('800-55-1212')).to.eql(false); 45 | }); 46 | 47 | it('you should be able to detect correctly-formatted monetary amounts in USD', function() { 48 | expect(answers.isUSD('$132.03')).to.eql(true); 49 | expect(answers.isUSD('$32.03')).to.eql(true); 50 | expect(answers.isUSD('$2.03')).to.eql(true); 51 | expect(answers.isUSD('$1,023,032.03')).to.eql(true); 52 | expect(answers.isUSD('$20,933,209.93')).to.eql(true); 53 | expect(answers.isUSD('$20,933,209')).to.eql(true); 54 | expect(answers.isUSD('$459,049,393.21')).to.eql(true); 55 | expect(answers.isUSD('34,344.34')).to.eql(false); 56 | expect(answers.isUSD('$,344.34')).to.eql(false); 57 | expect(answers.isUSD('$34,344.3')).to.eql(false); 58 | expect(answers.isUSD('$34,344.344')).to.eql(false); 59 | expect(answers.isUSD('$34,344_34')).to.eql(false); 60 | expect(answers.isUSD('$3,432,12.12')).to.eql(false); 61 | expect(answers.isUSD('$3,432,1,034.12')).to.eql(false); 62 | expect(answers.isUSD('4$3,432,034.12')).to.eql(false); 63 | }); 64 | 65 | }); 66 | }); 67 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/arrays.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 2 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 3 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 4 | 5 | define([ 6 | 'app/arrays' 7 | ], function(answers) { 8 | describe('arrays', function() { 9 | var a; 10 | 11 | beforeEach(function() { 12 | a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]; 13 | }); 14 | 15 | it('you should be able to determine the location of an item in an array', function() { 16 | expect(answers.indexOf(a, 3)).to.eql(2); 17 | expect(answers.indexOf(a, 5)).to.eql(-1); 18 | }); 19 | 20 | it('you should be able to add the values of an array', function() { 21 | expect(answers.sum(a)).to.eql(10); 22 | }); 23 | 24 | it('you should be able to remove a value from an array', function() { 25 | a.push(2); // Make sure the value appears more than one time 26 | var result = answers.remove(a, 2); 27 | 28 | expect(result).to.have.length(3); 29 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 3 4'); 30 | }); 31 | 32 | it('you should be able to remove a value from an array, returning the original array', function() { 33 | a.splice( 1, 0, 2 ); 34 | a.push( 2 ); 35 | a.push( 2 ); 36 | 37 | var result = answers.removeWithoutCopy(a, 2); 38 | 39 | expect(result).to.have.length(3); 40 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 3 4'); 41 | 42 | // make sure that you return the same array instance 43 | expect(result).equal(a); 44 | }); 45 | 46 | it('you should be able to add an item to the end of an array', function() { 47 | var result = answers.append(a, 10); 48 | 49 | expect(result).to.have.length(5); 50 | expect(result[result.length - 1]).to.eql(10); 51 | }); 52 | 53 | it('you should be able to remove the last item of an array', function() { 54 | var result = answers.truncate(a); 55 | 56 | expect(result).to.have.length(3); 57 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 2 3'); 58 | }); 59 | 60 | it('you should be able to join together two arrays', function() { 61 | var c = [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 1 ], 62 | result = answers.concat(a, c); 63 | 64 | expect(result).to.have.length(8); 65 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 2 3 4 a b c 1'); 66 | }); 67 | 68 | it('you should be able to add an item anywhere in an array', function() { 69 | var result = answers.insert(a, 'z', 2); 70 | 71 | expect(result).to.have.length(5); 72 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 2 z 3 4'); 73 | }); 74 | 75 | it('you should be able to count the occurences of an item in an array', function() { 76 | var result = answers.count([ 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3 ], 1); 77 | 78 | expect(result).to.eql(4); 79 | }); 80 | 81 | it('you should be able to find duplicates in an array', function() { 82 | var result = answers.duplicates([ 1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 1, 5 ]); 83 | 84 | expect(result).to.have.length(3); 85 | expect(result.sort().join(' ')).to.eql('1 3 4'); 86 | }); 87 | 88 | it('you should be able to square each number in an array', function() { 89 | var result = answers.square(a); 90 | 91 | expect(result).to.have.length(4); 92 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('1 4 9 16'); 93 | }); 94 | 95 | it('you should be able to find all occurrences of an item in an array', function() { 96 | var result = answers.findAllOccurrences('abcdefabc'.split(''), 'a'); 97 | 98 | expect(result.join(' ')).to.eql('0 6'); 99 | }); 100 | 101 | }); 102 | }); 103 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/libs/mocha.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | body { 3 | font: 20px/1.5 "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; 4 | padding: 60px 50px; 5 | } 6 | 7 | #mocha ul, #mocha li { 8 | margin: 0; 9 | padding: 0; 10 | } 11 | 12 | #mocha ul { 13 | list-style: none; 14 | } 15 | 16 | #mocha h1, #mocha h2 { 17 | margin: 0; 18 | } 19 | 20 | #mocha h1 { 21 | margin-top: 15px; 22 | font-size: 1em; 23 | font-weight: 200; 24 | } 25 | 26 | #mocha h1 a { 27 | text-decoration: none; 28 | color: inherit; 29 | } 30 | 31 | #mocha h1 a:hover { 32 | text-decoration: underline; 33 | } 34 | 35 | #mocha .suite .suite h1 { 36 | margin-top: 0; 37 | font-size: .8em; 38 | } 39 | 40 | #mocha h2 { 41 | font-size: 12px; 42 | font-weight: normal; 43 | cursor: pointer; 44 | } 45 | 46 | #mocha .suite { 47 | margin-left: 15px; 48 | } 49 | 50 | #mocha .test { 51 | margin-left: 15px; 52 | } 53 | 54 | #mocha .test:hover h2::after { 55 | position: relative; 56 | top: 0; 57 | right: -10px; 58 | content: '(view source)'; 59 | font-size: 12px; 60 | font-family: arial; 61 | color: #888; 62 | } 63 | 64 | #mocha .test.pending:hover h2::after { 65 | content: '(pending)'; 66 | font-family: arial; 67 | } 68 | 69 | #mocha .test.pass.medium .duration { 70 | background: #C09853; 71 | } 72 | 73 | #mocha .test.pass.slow .duration { 74 | background: #B94A48; 75 | } 76 | 77 | #mocha .test.pass::before { 78 | content: '✓'; 79 | font-size: 12px; 80 | display: block; 81 | float: left; 82 | margin-right: 5px; 83 | color: #00d6b2; 84 | } 85 | 86 | #mocha .test.pass .duration { 87 | font-size: 9px; 88 | margin-left: 5px; 89 | padding: 2px 5px; 90 | color: white; 91 | -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.2); 92 | -moz-box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.2); 93 | box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.2); 94 | -webkit-border-radius: 5px; 95 | -moz-border-radius: 5px; 96 | -ms-border-radius: 5px; 97 | -o-border-radius: 5px; 98 | border-radius: 5px; 99 | } 100 | 101 | #mocha .test.pass.fast .duration { 102 | display: none; 103 | } 104 | 105 | #mocha .test.pending { 106 | color: #0b97c4; 107 | } 108 | 109 | #mocha .test.pending::before { 110 | content: '◦'; 111 | color: #0b97c4; 112 | } 113 | 114 | #mocha .test.fail { 115 | color: #c00; 116 | } 117 | 118 | #mocha .test.fail pre { 119 | color: black; 120 | } 121 | 122 | #mocha .test.fail::before { 123 | content: '✖'; 124 | font-size: 12px; 125 | display: block; 126 | float: left; 127 | margin-right: 5px; 128 | color: #c00; 129 | } 130 | 131 | #mocha .test pre.error { 132 | color: #c00; 133 | } 134 | 135 | #mocha .test pre { 136 | display: inline-block; 137 | font: 12px/1.5 monaco, monospace; 138 | margin: 5px; 139 | padding: 15px; 140 | border: 1px solid #eee; 141 | border-bottom-color: #ddd; 142 | -webkit-border-radius: 3px; 143 | -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 3px #eee; 144 | } 145 | 146 | #error { 147 | color: #c00; 148 | font-size: 1.5 em; 149 | font-weight: 100; 150 | letter-spacing: 1px; 151 | } 152 | 153 | #stats { 154 | position: fixed; 155 | top: 15px; 156 | right: 10px; 157 | font-size: 12px; 158 | margin: 0; 159 | color: #888; 160 | } 161 | 162 | #stats .progress { 163 | float: right; 164 | padding-top: 0; 165 | } 166 | 167 | #stats em { 168 | color: black; 169 | } 170 | 171 | #stats li { 172 | display: inline-block; 173 | margin: 0 5px; 174 | list-style: none; 175 | padding-top: 11px; 176 | } 177 | 178 | code .comment { color: #ddd } 179 | code .init { color: #2F6FAD } 180 | code .string { color: #5890AD } 181 | code .keyword { color: #8A6343 } 182 | code .number { color: #2F6FAD } 183 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # A test-driven JS assessment 2 | 3 | This repo includes a set of tests that can be used to assess the skills of 4 | a candidate for a JavaScript position, or to improve one's own skills. 5 | 6 | ## I want to work on the tests; what do I do? 7 | To use the tests, you will need to install Node -- you can do this via the 8 | [download page](http://nodejs.org/#download) or using 9 | [Homebrew](http://mxcl.github.com/homebrew/) if you are on a Mac. 10 | 11 | Note that on Windows, there are some reports that you will need to restart 12 | after installing Node - see #12. 13 | 14 | You can clone or download this repo. Once you have done so, from the root 15 | directory of the repo, run: 16 | 17 | npm install 18 | node bin/serve 19 | 20 | You can then view the tests in your browser at 21 | [http://localhost:4444](http://localhost:4444). 22 | 23 | When you visit that page, all of the tests should be failing; your job is to 24 | get the tests to pass. To do this, you'll need to refer to the tests in the 25 | files in the `tests/app` directory, and edit the files in the `app/` directory. 26 | Once you update a test, you can reload the test page in the browser to see 27 | whether it worked. 28 | 29 | You can also run (most of) the tests on the command line: 30 | 31 | npm test 32 | 33 | The command line runner is a work in progress; contributions welcome :) 34 | 35 | ## I want to contribute tests; what do I do? 36 | 37 | Submit a pull request! The tests are currently loosely organized by topic, so 38 | you should do your best to add tests to the appropriate file in `tests/app`, or 39 | create a new file there if you don't see an appropriate one. If you do create 40 | a new file, make sure to add it to `tests/runner.js`, and to add a stub for the 41 | solution to the corresponding file in `app/`. Finally, it would be great if you 42 | could update the [answers](https://github.com/rmurphey/js-assessment-answers) 43 | as well. 44 | 45 | Any substantial contributions will be duly credited in the readme, as well as 46 | of course in the git commit log. 47 | 48 | ### Data-driven tests 49 | 50 | If your tests need data that can be fetched via XHR, stick a `.json` file in 51 | the `data` directory; you can access it at `/data/.json`. 52 | 53 | ### Available dependencies 54 | 55 | The repo includes jQuery, Backbone, Underscore, and RequireJS. If there's other 56 | stuff you'd find useful, you can put it in the `lib` directory. 57 | 58 | ## I want to see the answers! 59 | 60 | First, bear in mind that looking up the answers is going to teach you a whole 61 | lot less than you'll learn by working on the tests, even if you occasionally get 62 | stuck. I'd recommend only looking at the answers once you have the tests 63 | passing, to see if there's another way you could have approached the 64 | problem. When you're ready to look at the answers, you can find them 65 | [here](https://github.com/rmurphey/js-assessment-answers); I'll do my best to 66 | keep them up to date. 67 | 68 | ## I hate \ 69 | 70 | This repo uses [RequireJS](http://requirejs.org) for dependency management and 71 | [Mocha](http://visionmedia.github.com/mocha/) and [expect.js](https://github.com/LearnBoost/expect.js/blob/master/README.md) 72 | for the tests themselves. It uses the BDD style for authoring tests. If this 73 | doesn't suit you, please fork away, or, better, submit a pull request that lets 74 | this be more flexible than it currently is. 75 | 76 | # Todos 77 | 78 | There are a number of things that would make this project better; check out the 79 | [issues](https://github.com/rmurphey/js-assessment/issues) for details, pull 80 | requests welcome! 81 | 82 | # License 83 | 84 | Copyright © 2012 Rebecca Murphey. 85 | 86 | This work is licensed under the [Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) 87 | license. You are free to share and remix the work, and to use it for commercial 88 | purposes under the following conditions: 89 | 90 | - *Attribution* — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the 91 | author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or 92 | your use of the work). 93 | - *Share Alike* — If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may 94 | distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this 95 | one. 96 | 97 | Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright 98 | holder. 99 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/app/functions.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*jshint expr:true */ 2 | /*globals describe:true, it:true, expect:true, beforeEach:true */ 3 | if (typeof define !== 'function') { var define = require('amdefine')(module); } 4 | if (typeof expect !== 'function') { var expect = require('expect.js'); } 5 | 6 | define([ 7 | 'underscore', 8 | 'app/functions' 9 | ], function(_, answers) { 10 | 11 | describe('functions', function() { 12 | var sayItCalled = false; 13 | var sayIt = function(greeting, name, punctuation) { 14 | sayItCalled = true; 15 | return greeting + ', ' + name + (punctuation || '!'); 16 | }; 17 | 18 | beforeEach(function () { 19 | sayItCalled = false; 20 | }); 21 | 22 | it('you should be able to use an array as arguments when calling a function', function() { 23 | var result = answers.argsAsArray(sayIt, [ 'Hello', 'Ellie', '!' ]); 24 | expect(result).to.eql('Hello, Ellie!'); 25 | expect(sayItCalled).to.be.ok; 26 | }); 27 | 28 | it('you should be able to change the context in which a function is called', function() { 29 | var speak = function() { 30 | return sayIt(this.greeting, this.name, '!!!'); 31 | }, 32 | obj = { 33 | greeting : 'Hello', 34 | name : 'Rebecca' 35 | }; 36 | 37 | var result = answers.speak(speak, obj); 38 | expect(result).to.eql('Hello, Rebecca!!!'); 39 | expect(sayItCalled).to.be.ok; 40 | }); 41 | 42 | it('you should be able to return a function from a function', function() { 43 | expect(answers.functionFunction('Hello')('world')).to.eql('Hello, world'); 44 | expect(answers.functionFunction('Hai')('can i haz funxtion?')).to.eql('Hai, can i haz funxtion?'); 45 | }); 46 | 47 | it('you should be able to use closures', function () { 48 | var arr = [ Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random() ]; 49 | var doSomeStuff; 50 | 51 | doSomeStuff = function (x) { return x * x; }; 52 | 53 | var funcs = answers.makeClosures(arr, doSomeStuff); 54 | expect(funcs).to.have.length(arr.length); 55 | 56 | for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { 57 | expect(funcs[i]()).to.eql(doSomeStuff(arr[i])); 58 | } 59 | }); 60 | 61 | it('you should be able to create a "partial" function', function() { 62 | var partial = answers.partial(sayIt, 'Hello', 'Ellie'); 63 | expect(partial('!!!')).to.eql('Hello, Ellie!!!'); 64 | expect(sayItCalled).to.be.ok; 65 | }); 66 | 67 | it('you should be able to use arguments', function () { 68 | var a = Math.random(), 69 | b = Math.random(), 70 | c = Math.random(), 71 | d = Math.random(); 72 | 73 | expect(answers.useArguments(a)).to.eql(a); 74 | expect(answers.useArguments(a, b)).to.eql(a + b); 75 | expect(answers.useArguments(a, b, c)).to.eql(a + b + c); 76 | expect(answers.useArguments(a, b, c, d)).to.eql(a + b + c + d); 77 | }); 78 | 79 | it('you should be able to apply functions with arbitrary numbers of arguments', function () { 80 | (function () { 81 | var a = Math.random(), b = Math.random(), c = Math.random(); 82 | 83 | var wasITake2ArgumentsCalled = false; 84 | var iTake2Arguments = function (firstArgument, secondArgument) { 85 | expect(arguments.length).to.eql(2); 86 | expect(firstArgument).to.eql(a); 87 | expect(secondArgument).to.eql(b); 88 | 89 | wasITake2ArgumentsCalled = true; 90 | }; 91 | 92 | var wasITake3ArgumentsCalled = false; 93 | var iTake3Arguments = function (firstArgument, secondArgument, thirdArgument) { 94 | expect(arguments.length).to.eql(3); 95 | expect(firstArgument).to.eql(a); 96 | expect(secondArgument).to.eql(b); 97 | expect(thirdArgument).to.eql(c); 98 | 99 | wasITake3ArgumentsCalled = true; 100 | }; 101 | 102 | answers.callIt(iTake2Arguments, a, b); 103 | answers.callIt(iTake3Arguments, a, b, c); 104 | 105 | expect(wasITake2ArgumentsCalled).to.be.ok; 106 | expect(wasITake3ArgumentsCalled).to.be.ok; 107 | }()); 108 | }); 109 | 110 | 111 | it('you should be able to create a "partial" function for variable number of applied arguments', function () { 112 | var partialMe = function (x, y, z) { 113 | return x / y * z; 114 | }; 115 | 116 | var a = Math.random(), b = Math.random(), c = Math.random(); 117 | expect(answers.partialUsingArguments(partialMe)(a, b, c)).to.eql(partialMe(a, b, c)); 118 | expect(answers.partialUsingArguments(partialMe, a)(b, c)).to.eql(partialMe(a, b, c)); 119 | expect(answers.partialUsingArguments(partialMe, a, b)(c)).to.eql(partialMe(a, b, c)); 120 | expect(answers.partialUsingArguments(partialMe, a, b, c)()).to.eql(partialMe(a, b, c)); 121 | }); 122 | 123 | it('you should be able to curry existing functions', function () { 124 | var curryMe = function (x, y, z) { 125 | return x / y * z; 126 | }; 127 | 128 | var a = Math.random(), b = Math.random(), c = Math.random(), result; 129 | 130 | result = answers.curryIt(curryMe); 131 | expect(typeof result).to.eql('function'); 132 | expect(result.length).to.eql(1); 133 | 134 | result = answers.curryIt(curryMe)(a); 135 | expect(typeof result).to.eql('function'); 136 | expect(result.length).to.eql(1); 137 | 138 | result = answers.curryIt(curryMe)(a)(b); 139 | expect(typeof result).to.eql('function'); 140 | expect(result.length).to.eql(1); 141 | 142 | result = answers.curryIt(curryMe)(a)(b)(c); 143 | expect(typeof result).to.eql('number'); 144 | expect(result).to.eql(curryMe(a, b, c)); 145 | }); 146 | }); 147 | }); 148 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /lib/underscore.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Underscore.js 1.3.1 2 | // (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. 3 | // Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license. 4 | // Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype, 5 | // Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating. 6 | // For all details and documentation: 7 | // http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore 8 | 9 | (function() { 10 | 11 | // Baseline setup 12 | // -------------- 13 | 14 | // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `global` on the server. 15 | var root = this; 16 | 17 | // Save the previous value of the `_` variable. 18 | var previousUnderscore = root._; 19 | 20 | // Establish the object that gets returned to break out of a loop iteration. 21 | var breaker = {}; 22 | 23 | // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version: 24 | var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype; 25 | 26 | // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes. 27 | var slice = ArrayProto.slice, 28 | unshift = ArrayProto.unshift, 29 | toString = ObjProto.toString, 30 | hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty; 31 | 32 | // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use 33 | // are declared here. 34 | var 35 | nativeForEach = ArrayProto.forEach, 36 | nativeMap = ArrayProto.map, 37 | nativeReduce = ArrayProto.reduce, 38 | nativeReduceRight = ArrayProto.reduceRight, 39 | nativeFilter = ArrayProto.filter, 40 | nativeEvery = ArrayProto.every, 41 | nativeSome = ArrayProto.some, 42 | nativeIndexOf = ArrayProto.indexOf, 43 | nativeLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf, 44 | nativeIsArray = Array.isArray, 45 | nativeKeys = Object.keys, 46 | nativeBind = FuncProto.bind; 47 | 48 | // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below. 49 | var _ = function(obj) { return new wrapper(obj); }; 50 | 51 | // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with 52 | // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in 53 | // the browser, add `_` as a global object via a string identifier, 54 | // for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode. 55 | if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { 56 | if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) { 57 | exports = module.exports = _; 58 | } 59 | exports._ = _; 60 | } else { 61 | root['_'] = _; 62 | } 63 | 64 | // Current version. 65 | _.VERSION = '1.3.1'; 66 | 67 | // Collection Functions 68 | // -------------------- 69 | 70 | // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`. 71 | // Handles objects with the built-in `forEach`, arrays, and raw objects. 72 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `forEach` if available. 73 | var each = _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iterator, context) { 74 | if (obj == null) return; 75 | if (nativeForEach && obj.forEach === nativeForEach) { 76 | obj.forEach(iterator, context); 77 | } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) { 78 | for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) { 79 | if (i in obj && iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === breaker) return; 80 | } 81 | } else { 82 | for (var key in obj) { 83 | if (_.has(obj, key)) { 84 | if (iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj) === breaker) return; 85 | } 86 | } 87 | } 88 | }; 89 | 90 | // Return the results of applying the iterator to each element. 91 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `map` if available. 92 | _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iterator, context) { 93 | var results = []; 94 | if (obj == null) return results; 95 | if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context); 96 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 97 | results[results.length] = iterator.call(context, value, index, list); 98 | }); 99 | if (obj.length === +obj.length) results.length = obj.length; 100 | return results; 101 | }; 102 | 103 | // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`, 104 | // or `foldl`. Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduce` if available. 105 | _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) { 106 | var initial = arguments.length > 2; 107 | if (obj == null) obj = []; 108 | if (nativeReduce && obj.reduce === nativeReduce) { 109 | if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context); 110 | return initial ? obj.reduce(iterator, memo) : obj.reduce(iterator); 111 | } 112 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 113 | if (!initial) { 114 | memo = value; 115 | initial = true; 116 | } else { 117 | memo = iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list); 118 | } 119 | }); 120 | if (!initial) throw new TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value'); 121 | return memo; 122 | }; 123 | 124 | // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`. 125 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduceRight` if available. 126 | _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) { 127 | var initial = arguments.length > 2; 128 | if (obj == null) obj = []; 129 | if (nativeReduceRight && obj.reduceRight === nativeReduceRight) { 130 | if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context); 131 | return initial ? obj.reduceRight(iterator, memo) : obj.reduceRight(iterator); 132 | } 133 | var reversed = _.toArray(obj).reverse(); 134 | if (context && !initial) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context); 135 | return initial ? _.reduce(reversed, iterator, memo, context) : _.reduce(reversed, iterator); 136 | }; 137 | 138 | // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`. 139 | _.find = _.detect = function(obj, iterator, context) { 140 | var result; 141 | any(obj, function(value, index, list) { 142 | if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) { 143 | result = value; 144 | return true; 145 | } 146 | }); 147 | return result; 148 | }; 149 | 150 | // Return all the elements that pass a truth test. 151 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `filter` if available. 152 | // Aliased as `select`. 153 | _.filter = _.select = function(obj, iterator, context) { 154 | var results = []; 155 | if (obj == null) return results; 156 | if (nativeFilter && obj.filter === nativeFilter) return obj.filter(iterator, context); 157 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 158 | if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results[results.length] = value; 159 | }); 160 | return results; 161 | }; 162 | 163 | // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails. 164 | _.reject = function(obj, iterator, context) { 165 | var results = []; 166 | if (obj == null) return results; 167 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 168 | if (!iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results[results.length] = value; 169 | }); 170 | return results; 171 | }; 172 | 173 | // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test. 174 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `every` if available. 175 | // Aliased as `all`. 176 | _.every = _.all = function(obj, iterator, context) { 177 | var result = true; 178 | if (obj == null) return result; 179 | if (nativeEvery && obj.every === nativeEvery) return obj.every(iterator, context); 180 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 181 | if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker; 182 | }); 183 | return result; 184 | }; 185 | 186 | // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test. 187 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `some` if available. 188 | // Aliased as `any`. 189 | var any = _.some = _.any = function(obj, iterator, context) { 190 | iterator || (iterator = _.identity); 191 | var result = false; 192 | if (obj == null) return result; 193 | if (nativeSome && obj.some === nativeSome) return obj.some(iterator, context); 194 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 195 | if (result || (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker; 196 | }); 197 | return !!result; 198 | }; 199 | 200 | // Determine if a given value is included in the array or object using `===`. 201 | // Aliased as `contains`. 202 | _.include = _.contains = function(obj, target) { 203 | var found = false; 204 | if (obj == null) return found; 205 | if (nativeIndexOf && obj.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return obj.indexOf(target) != -1; 206 | found = any(obj, function(value) { 207 | return value === target; 208 | }); 209 | return found; 210 | }; 211 | 212 | // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection. 213 | _.invoke = function(obj, method) { 214 | var args = slice.call(arguments, 2); 215 | return _.map(obj, function(value) { 216 | return (_.isFunction(method) ? method || value : value[method]).apply(value, args); 217 | }); 218 | }; 219 | 220 | // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property. 221 | _.pluck = function(obj, key) { 222 | return _.map(obj, function(value){ return value[key]; }); 223 | }; 224 | 225 | // Return the maximum element or (element-based computation). 226 | _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) { 227 | if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.max.apply(Math, obj); 228 | if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return -Infinity; 229 | var result = {computed : -Infinity}; 230 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 231 | var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value; 232 | computed >= result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed}); 233 | }); 234 | return result.value; 235 | }; 236 | 237 | // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation). 238 | _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) { 239 | if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.min.apply(Math, obj); 240 | if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return Infinity; 241 | var result = {computed : Infinity}; 242 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 243 | var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value; 244 | computed < result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed}); 245 | }); 246 | return result.value; 247 | }; 248 | 249 | // Shuffle an array. 250 | _.shuffle = function(obj) { 251 | var shuffled = [], rand; 252 | each(obj, function(value, index, list) { 253 | if (index == 0) { 254 | shuffled[0] = value; 255 | } else { 256 | rand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (index + 1)); 257 | shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand]; 258 | shuffled[rand] = value; 259 | } 260 | }); 261 | return shuffled; 262 | }; 263 | 264 | // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator. 265 | _.sortBy = function(obj, iterator, context) { 266 | return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) { 267 | return { 268 | value : value, 269 | criteria : iterator.call(context, value, index, list) 270 | }; 271 | }).sort(function(left, right) { 272 | var a = left.criteria, b = right.criteria; 273 | return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0; 274 | }), 'value'); 275 | }; 276 | 277 | // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute 278 | // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion. 279 | _.groupBy = function(obj, val) { 280 | var result = {}; 281 | var iterator = _.isFunction(val) ? val : function(obj) { return obj[val]; }; 282 | each(obj, function(value, index) { 283 | var key = iterator(value, index); 284 | (result[key] || (result[key] = [])).push(value); 285 | }); 286 | return result; 287 | }; 288 | 289 | // Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should 290 | // be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search. 291 | _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iterator) { 292 | iterator || (iterator = _.identity); 293 | var low = 0, high = array.length; 294 | while (low < high) { 295 | var mid = (low + high) >> 1; 296 | iterator(array[mid]) < iterator(obj) ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid; 297 | } 298 | return low; 299 | }; 300 | 301 | // Safely convert anything iterable into a real, live array. 302 | _.toArray = function(iterable) { 303 | if (!iterable) return []; 304 | if (iterable.toArray) return iterable.toArray(); 305 | if (_.isArray(iterable)) return slice.call(iterable); 306 | if (_.isArguments(iterable)) return slice.call(iterable); 307 | return _.values(iterable); 308 | }; 309 | 310 | // Return the number of elements in an object. 311 | _.size = function(obj) { 312 | return _.toArray(obj).length; 313 | }; 314 | 315 | // Array Functions 316 | // --------------- 317 | 318 | // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N 319 | // values in the array. Aliased as `head`. The **guard** check allows it to work 320 | // with `_.map`. 321 | _.first = _.head = function(array, n, guard) { 322 | return (n != null) && !guard ? slice.call(array, 0, n) : array[0]; 323 | }; 324 | 325 | // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especcialy useful on 326 | // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in 327 | // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with 328 | // `_.map`. 329 | _.initial = function(array, n, guard) { 330 | return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n)); 331 | }; 332 | 333 | // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N 334 | // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`. 335 | _.last = function(array, n, guard) { 336 | if ((n != null) && !guard) { 337 | return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0)); 338 | } else { 339 | return array[array.length - 1]; 340 | } 341 | }; 342 | 343 | // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail`. 344 | // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **index** will return 345 | // the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The **guard** 346 | // check allows it to work with `_.map`. 347 | _.rest = _.tail = function(array, index, guard) { 348 | return slice.call(array, (index == null) || guard ? 1 : index); 349 | }; 350 | 351 | // Trim out all falsy values from an array. 352 | _.compact = function(array) { 353 | return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !!value; }); 354 | }; 355 | 356 | // Return a completely flattened version of an array. 357 | _.flatten = function(array, shallow) { 358 | return _.reduce(array, function(memo, value) { 359 | if (_.isArray(value)) return memo.concat(shallow ? value : _.flatten(value)); 360 | memo[memo.length] = value; 361 | return memo; 362 | }, []); 363 | }; 364 | 365 | // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s). 366 | _.without = function(array) { 367 | return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1)); 368 | }; 369 | 370 | // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already 371 | // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm. 372 | // Aliased as `unique`. 373 | _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iterator) { 374 | var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator) : array; 375 | var result = []; 376 | _.reduce(initial, function(memo, el, i) { 377 | if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) { 378 | memo[memo.length] = el; 379 | result[result.length] = array[i]; 380 | } 381 | return memo; 382 | }, []); 383 | return result; 384 | }; 385 | 386 | // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of 387 | // the passed-in arrays. 388 | _.union = function() { 389 | return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true)); 390 | }; 391 | 392 | // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the 393 | // passed-in arrays. (Aliased as "intersect" for back-compat.) 394 | _.intersection = _.intersect = function(array) { 395 | var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1); 396 | return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function(item) { 397 | return _.every(rest, function(other) { 398 | return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0; 399 | }); 400 | }); 401 | }; 402 | 403 | // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays. 404 | // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain. 405 | _.difference = function(array) { 406 | var rest = _.flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1)); 407 | return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !_.include(rest, value); }); 408 | }; 409 | 410 | // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share 411 | // an index go together. 412 | _.zip = function() { 413 | var args = slice.call(arguments); 414 | var length = _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length')); 415 | var results = new Array(length); 416 | for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) results[i] = _.pluck(args, "" + i); 417 | return results; 418 | }; 419 | 420 | // If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, **MSIE**), 421 | // we need this function. Return the position of the first occurrence of an 422 | // item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array. 423 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `indexOf` if available. 424 | // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true` 425 | // for **isSorted** to use binary search. 426 | _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) { 427 | if (array == null) return -1; 428 | var i, l; 429 | if (isSorted) { 430 | i = _.sortedIndex(array, item); 431 | return array[i] === item ? i : -1; 432 | } 433 | if (nativeIndexOf && array.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return array.indexOf(item); 434 | for (i = 0, l = array.length; i < l; i++) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i; 435 | return -1; 436 | }; 437 | 438 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available. 439 | _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item) { 440 | if (array == null) return -1; 441 | if (nativeLastIndexOf && array.lastIndexOf === nativeLastIndexOf) return array.lastIndexOf(item); 442 | var i = array.length; 443 | while (i--) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i; 444 | return -1; 445 | }; 446 | 447 | // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of 448 | // the native Python `range()` function. See 449 | // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range). 450 | _.range = function(start, stop, step) { 451 | if (arguments.length <= 1) { 452 | stop = start || 0; 453 | start = 0; 454 | } 455 | step = arguments[2] || 1; 456 | 457 | var len = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0); 458 | var idx = 0; 459 | var range = new Array(len); 460 | 461 | while(idx < len) { 462 | range[idx++] = start; 463 | start += step; 464 | } 465 | 466 | return range; 467 | }; 468 | 469 | // Function (ahem) Functions 470 | // ------------------ 471 | 472 | // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting. 473 | var ctor = function(){}; 474 | 475 | // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments, 476 | // optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as `curry`. 477 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if available. 478 | // We check for `func.bind` first, to fail fast when `func` is undefined. 479 | _.bind = function bind(func, context) { 480 | var bound, args; 481 | if (func.bind === nativeBind && nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1)); 482 | if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError; 483 | args = slice.call(arguments, 2); 484 | return bound = function() { 485 | if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments))); 486 | ctor.prototype = func.prototype; 487 | var self = new ctor; 488 | var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments))); 489 | if (Object(result) === result) return result; 490 | return self; 491 | }; 492 | }; 493 | 494 | // Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that 495 | // all callbacks defined on an object belong to it. 496 | _.bindAll = function(obj) { 497 | var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1); 498 | if (funcs.length == 0) funcs = _.functions(obj); 499 | each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); }); 500 | return obj; 501 | }; 502 | 503 | // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results. 504 | _.memoize = function(func, hasher) { 505 | var memo = {}; 506 | hasher || (hasher = _.identity); 507 | return function() { 508 | var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments); 509 | return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments)); 510 | }; 511 | }; 512 | 513 | // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls 514 | // it with the arguments supplied. 515 | _.delay = function(func, wait) { 516 | var args = slice.call(arguments, 2); 517 | return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(func, args); }, wait); 518 | }; 519 | 520 | // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has 521 | // cleared. 522 | _.defer = function(func) { 523 | return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1))); 524 | }; 525 | 526 | // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once 527 | // during a given window of time. 528 | _.throttle = function(func, wait) { 529 | var context, args, timeout, throttling, more; 530 | var whenDone = _.debounce(function(){ more = throttling = false; }, wait); 531 | return function() { 532 | context = this; args = arguments; 533 | var later = function() { 534 | timeout = null; 535 | if (more) func.apply(context, args); 536 | whenDone(); 537 | }; 538 | if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); 539 | if (throttling) { 540 | more = true; 541 | } else { 542 | func.apply(context, args); 543 | } 544 | whenDone(); 545 | throttling = true; 546 | }; 547 | }; 548 | 549 | // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not 550 | // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for 551 | // N milliseconds. 552 | _.debounce = function(func, wait) { 553 | var timeout; 554 | return function() { 555 | var context = this, args = arguments; 556 | var later = function() { 557 | timeout = null; 558 | func.apply(context, args); 559 | }; 560 | clearTimeout(timeout); 561 | timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); 562 | }; 563 | }; 564 | 565 | // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how 566 | // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization. 567 | _.once = function(func) { 568 | var ran = false, memo; 569 | return function() { 570 | if (ran) return memo; 571 | ran = true; 572 | return memo = func.apply(this, arguments); 573 | }; 574 | }; 575 | 576 | // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second, 577 | // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and 578 | // conditionally execute the original function. 579 | _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) { 580 | return function() { 581 | var args = [func].concat(slice.call(arguments, 0)); 582 | return wrapper.apply(this, args); 583 | }; 584 | }; 585 | 586 | // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each 587 | // consuming the return value of the function that follows. 588 | _.compose = function() { 589 | var funcs = arguments; 590 | return function() { 591 | var args = arguments; 592 | for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) { 593 | args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)]; 594 | } 595 | return args[0]; 596 | }; 597 | }; 598 | 599 | // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times. 600 | _.after = function(times, func) { 601 | if (times <= 0) return func(); 602 | return function() { 603 | if (--times < 1) { return func.apply(this, arguments); } 604 | }; 605 | }; 606 | 607 | // Object Functions 608 | // ---------------- 609 | 610 | // Retrieve the names of an object's properties. 611 | // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys` 612 | _.keys = nativeKeys || function(obj) { 613 | if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object'); 614 | var keys = []; 615 | for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys[keys.length] = key; 616 | return keys; 617 | }; 618 | 619 | // Retrieve the values of an object's properties. 620 | _.values = function(obj) { 621 | return _.map(obj, _.identity); 622 | }; 623 | 624 | // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object. 625 | // Aliased as `methods` 626 | _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) { 627 | var names = []; 628 | for (var key in obj) { 629 | if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key); 630 | } 631 | return names.sort(); 632 | }; 633 | 634 | // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s). 635 | _.extend = function(obj) { 636 | each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) { 637 | for (var prop in source) { 638 | obj[prop] = source[prop]; 639 | } 640 | }); 641 | return obj; 642 | }; 643 | 644 | // Fill in a given object with default properties. 645 | _.defaults = function(obj) { 646 | each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) { 647 | for (var prop in source) { 648 | if (obj[prop] == null) obj[prop] = source[prop]; 649 | } 650 | }); 651 | return obj; 652 | }; 653 | 654 | // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object. 655 | _.clone = function(obj) { 656 | if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj; 657 | return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj); 658 | }; 659 | 660 | // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj. 661 | // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in 662 | // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain. 663 | _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) { 664 | interceptor(obj); 665 | return obj; 666 | }; 667 | 668 | // Internal recursive comparison function. 669 | function eq(a, b, stack) { 670 | // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical. 671 | // See the Harmony `egal` proposal: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal. 672 | if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b; 673 | // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`. 674 | if (a == null || b == null) return a === b; 675 | // Unwrap any wrapped objects. 676 | if (a._chain) a = a._wrapped; 677 | if (b._chain) b = b._wrapped; 678 | // Invoke a custom `isEqual` method if one is provided. 679 | if (a.isEqual && _.isFunction(a.isEqual)) return a.isEqual(b); 680 | if (b.isEqual && _.isFunction(b.isEqual)) return b.isEqual(a); 681 | // Compare `[[Class]]` names. 682 | var className = toString.call(a); 683 | if (className != toString.call(b)) return false; 684 | switch (className) { 685 | // Strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value. 686 | case '[object String]': 687 | // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is 688 | // equivalent to `new String("5")`. 689 | return a == String(b); 690 | case '[object Number]': 691 | // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. An `egal` comparison is performed for 692 | // other numeric values. 693 | return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b); 694 | case '[object Date]': 695 | case '[object Boolean]': 696 | // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their 697 | // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations 698 | // of `NaN` are not equivalent. 699 | return +a == +b; 700 | // RegExps are compared by their source patterns and flags. 701 | case '[object RegExp]': 702 | return a.source == b.source && 703 | a.global == b.global && 704 | a.multiline == b.multiline && 705 | a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase; 706 | } 707 | if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false; 708 | // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic 709 | // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`. 710 | var length = stack.length; 711 | while (length--) { 712 | // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of 713 | // unique nested structures. 714 | if (stack[length] == a) return true; 715 | } 716 | // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects. 717 | stack.push(a); 718 | var size = 0, result = true; 719 | // Recursively compare objects and arrays. 720 | if (className == '[object Array]') { 721 | // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary. 722 | size = a.length; 723 | result = size == b.length; 724 | if (result) { 725 | // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties. 726 | while (size--) { 727 | // Ensure commutative equality for sparse arrays. 728 | if (!(result = size in a == size in b && eq(a[size], b[size], stack))) break; 729 | } 730 | } 731 | } else { 732 | // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent. 733 | if ('constructor' in a != 'constructor' in b || a.constructor != b.constructor) return false; 734 | // Deep compare objects. 735 | for (var key in a) { 736 | if (_.has(a, key)) { 737 | // Count the expected number of properties. 738 | size++; 739 | // Deep compare each member. 740 | if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], stack))) break; 741 | } 742 | } 743 | // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties. 744 | if (result) { 745 | for (key in b) { 746 | if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break; 747 | } 748 | result = !size; 749 | } 750 | } 751 | // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects. 752 | stack.pop(); 753 | return result; 754 | } 755 | 756 | // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal. 757 | _.isEqual = function(a, b) { 758 | return eq(a, b, []); 759 | }; 760 | 761 | // Is a given array, string, or object empty? 762 | // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties. 763 | _.isEmpty = function(obj) { 764 | if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0; 765 | for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false; 766 | return true; 767 | }; 768 | 769 | // Is a given value a DOM element? 770 | _.isElement = function(obj) { 771 | return !!(obj && obj.nodeType == 1); 772 | }; 773 | 774 | // Is a given value an array? 775 | // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray 776 | _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) { 777 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]'; 778 | }; 779 | 780 | // Is a given variable an object? 781 | _.isObject = function(obj) { 782 | return obj === Object(obj); 783 | }; 784 | 785 | // Is a given variable an arguments object? 786 | _.isArguments = function(obj) { 787 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object Arguments]'; 788 | }; 789 | if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) { 790 | _.isArguments = function(obj) { 791 | return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee')); 792 | }; 793 | } 794 | 795 | // Is a given value a function? 796 | _.isFunction = function(obj) { 797 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object Function]'; 798 | }; 799 | 800 | // Is a given value a string? 801 | _.isString = function(obj) { 802 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object String]'; 803 | }; 804 | 805 | // Is a given value a number? 806 | _.isNumber = function(obj) { 807 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object Number]'; 808 | }; 809 | 810 | // Is the given value `NaN`? 811 | _.isNaN = function(obj) { 812 | // `NaN` is the only value for which `===` is not reflexive. 813 | return obj !== obj; 814 | }; 815 | 816 | // Is a given value a boolean? 817 | _.isBoolean = function(obj) { 818 | return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]'; 819 | }; 820 | 821 | // Is a given value a date? 822 | _.isDate = function(obj) { 823 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object Date]'; 824 | }; 825 | 826 | // Is the given value a regular expression? 827 | _.isRegExp = function(obj) { 828 | return toString.call(obj) == '[object RegExp]'; 829 | }; 830 | 831 | // Is a given value equal to null? 832 | _.isNull = function(obj) { 833 | return obj === null; 834 | }; 835 | 836 | // Is a given variable undefined? 837 | _.isUndefined = function(obj) { 838 | return obj === void 0; 839 | }; 840 | 841 | // Has own property? 842 | _.has = function(obj, key) { 843 | return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key); 844 | }; 845 | 846 | // Utility Functions 847 | // ----------------- 848 | 849 | // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its 850 | // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object. 851 | _.noConflict = function() { 852 | root._ = previousUnderscore; 853 | return this; 854 | }; 855 | 856 | // Keep the identity function around for default iterators. 857 | _.identity = function(value) { 858 | return value; 859 | }; 860 | 861 | // Run a function **n** times. 862 | _.times = function (n, iterator, context) { 863 | for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) iterator.call(context, i); 864 | }; 865 | 866 | // Escape a string for HTML interpolation. 867 | _.escape = function(string) { 868 | return (''+string).replace(/&/g, '&').replace(//g, '>').replace(/"/g, '"').replace(/'/g, ''').replace(/\//g,'/'); 869 | }; 870 | 871 | // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object, ensuring that 872 | // they're correctly added to the OOP wrapper as well. 873 | _.mixin = function(obj) { 874 | each(_.functions(obj), function(name){ 875 | addToWrapper(name, _[name] = obj[name]); 876 | }); 877 | }; 878 | 879 | // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session). 880 | // Useful for temporary DOM ids. 881 | var idCounter = 0; 882 | _.uniqueId = function(prefix) { 883 | var id = idCounter++; 884 | return prefix ? prefix + id : id; 885 | }; 886 | 887 | // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the 888 | // following template settings to use alternative delimiters. 889 | _.templateSettings = { 890 | evaluate : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g, 891 | interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g, 892 | escape : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g 893 | }; 894 | 895 | // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an 896 | // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is 897 | // guaranteed not to match. 898 | var noMatch = /.^/; 899 | 900 | // Within an interpolation, evaluation, or escaping, remove HTML escaping 901 | // that had been previously added. 902 | var unescape = function(code) { 903 | return code.replace(/\\\\/g, '\\').replace(/\\'/g, "'"); 904 | }; 905 | 906 | // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation. 907 | // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace, 908 | // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code. 909 | _.template = function(str, data) { 910 | var c = _.templateSettings; 911 | var tmpl = 'var __p=[],print=function(){__p.push.apply(__p,arguments);};' + 912 | 'with(obj||{}){__p.push(\'' + 913 | str.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\') 914 | .replace(/'/g, "\\'") 915 | .replace(c.escape || noMatch, function(match, code) { 916 | return "',_.escape(" + unescape(code) + "),'"; 917 | }) 918 | .replace(c.interpolate || noMatch, function(match, code) { 919 | return "'," + unescape(code) + ",'"; 920 | }) 921 | .replace(c.evaluate || noMatch, function(match, code) { 922 | return "');" + unescape(code).replace(/[\r\n\t]/g, ' ') + ";__p.push('"; 923 | }) 924 | .replace(/\r/g, '\\r') 925 | .replace(/\n/g, '\\n') 926 | .replace(/\t/g, '\\t') 927 | + "');}return __p.join('');"; 928 | var func = new Function('obj', '_', tmpl); 929 | if (data) return func(data, _); 930 | return function(data) { 931 | return func.call(this, data, _); 932 | }; 933 | }; 934 | 935 | // Add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper. 936 | _.chain = function(obj) { 937 | return _(obj).chain(); 938 | }; 939 | 940 | // The OOP Wrapper 941 | // --------------- 942 | 943 | // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that 944 | // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the 945 | // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained. 946 | var wrapper = function(obj) { this._wrapped = obj; }; 947 | 948 | // Expose `wrapper.prototype` as `_.prototype` 949 | _.prototype = wrapper.prototype; 950 | 951 | // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results. 952 | var result = function(obj, chain) { 953 | return chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj; 954 | }; 955 | 956 | // A method to easily add functions to the OOP wrapper. 957 | var addToWrapper = function(name, func) { 958 | wrapper.prototype[name] = function() { 959 | var args = slice.call(arguments); 960 | unshift.call(args, this._wrapped); 961 | return result(func.apply(_, args), this._chain); 962 | }; 963 | }; 964 | 965 | // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object. 966 | _.mixin(_); 967 | 968 | // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper. 969 | each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) { 970 | var method = ArrayProto[name]; 971 | wrapper.prototype[name] = function() { 972 | var wrapped = this._wrapped; 973 | method.apply(wrapped, arguments); 974 | var length = wrapped.length; 975 | if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && length === 0) delete wrapped[0]; 976 | return result(wrapped, this._chain); 977 | }; 978 | }); 979 | 980 | // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper. 981 | each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) { 982 | var method = ArrayProto[name]; 983 | wrapper.prototype[name] = function() { 984 | return result(method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments), this._chain); 985 | }; 986 | }); 987 | 988 | // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object. 989 | wrapper.prototype.chain = function() { 990 | this._chain = true; 991 | return this; 992 | }; 993 | 994 | // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object. 995 | wrapper.prototype.value = function() { 996 | return this._wrapped; 997 | }; 998 | 999 | }).call(this); 1000 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /lib/backbone.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Backbone.js 0.9.2 2 | 3 | // (c) 2010-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. 4 | // Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. 5 | // For all details and documentation: 6 | // http://backbonejs.org 7 | 8 | (function(){ 9 | 10 | // Initial Setup 11 | // ------------- 12 | 13 | // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `global` 14 | // on the server). 15 | var root = this; 16 | 17 | // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be 18 | // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. 19 | var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; 20 | 21 | // Create a local reference to slice/splice. 22 | var slice = Array.prototype.slice; 23 | var splice = Array.prototype.splice; 24 | 25 | // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will 26 | // be attached to this. Exported for both CommonJS and the browser. 27 | var Backbone; 28 | if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { 29 | Backbone = exports; 30 | } else { 31 | Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; 32 | } 33 | 34 | // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. 35 | Backbone.VERSION = '0.9.2'; 36 | 37 | // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. 38 | var _ = root._; 39 | if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); 40 | 41 | // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, or Ender owns the `$` variable. 42 | var $ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender; 43 | 44 | // Set the JavaScript library that will be used for DOM manipulation and 45 | // Ajax calls (a.k.a. the `$` variable). By default Backbone will use: jQuery, 46 | // Zepto, or Ender; but the `setDomLibrary()` method lets you inject an 47 | // alternate JavaScript library (or a mock library for testing your views 48 | // outside of a browser). 49 | Backbone.setDomLibrary = function(lib) { 50 | $ = lib; 51 | }; 52 | 53 | // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable 54 | // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. 55 | Backbone.noConflict = function() { 56 | root.Backbone = previousBackbone; 57 | return this; 58 | }; 59 | 60 | // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option 61 | // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and 62 | // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. 63 | Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; 64 | 65 | // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct 66 | // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as 67 | // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a 68 | // form param named `model`. 69 | Backbone.emulateJSON = false; 70 | 71 | // Backbone.Events 72 | // ----------------- 73 | 74 | // Regular expression used to split event strings 75 | var eventSplitter = /\s+/; 76 | 77 | // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with 78 | // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback functions 79 | // to an event; trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in succession. 80 | // 81 | // var object = {}; 82 | // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); 83 | // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); 84 | // object.trigger('expand'); 85 | // 86 | var Events = Backbone.Events = { 87 | 88 | // Bind one or more space separated events, `events`, to a `callback` 89 | // function. Passing `"all"` will bind the callback to all events fired. 90 | on: function(events, callback, context) { 91 | 92 | var calls, event, node, tail, list; 93 | if (!callback) return this; 94 | events = events.split(eventSplitter); 95 | calls = this._callbacks || (this._callbacks = {}); 96 | 97 | // Create an immutable callback list, allowing traversal during 98 | // modification. The tail is an empty object that will always be used 99 | // as the next node. 100 | while (event = events.shift()) { 101 | list = calls[event]; 102 | node = list ? list.tail : {}; 103 | node.next = tail = {}; 104 | node.context = context; 105 | node.callback = callback; 106 | calls[event] = {tail: tail, next: list ? list.next : node}; 107 | } 108 | 109 | return this; 110 | }, 111 | 112 | // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all callbacks 113 | // with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all callbacks for the 114 | // event. If `events` is null, removes all bound callbacks for all events. 115 | off: function(events, callback, context) { 116 | var event, calls, node, tail, cb, ctx; 117 | 118 | // No events, or removing *all* events. 119 | if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return; 120 | if (!(events || callback || context)) { 121 | delete this._callbacks; 122 | return this; 123 | } 124 | 125 | // Loop through the listed events and contexts, splicing them out of the 126 | // linked list of callbacks if appropriate. 127 | events = events ? events.split(eventSplitter) : _.keys(calls); 128 | while (event = events.shift()) { 129 | node = calls[event]; 130 | delete calls[event]; 131 | if (!node || !(callback || context)) continue; 132 | // Create a new list, omitting the indicated callbacks. 133 | tail = node.tail; 134 | while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { 135 | cb = node.callback; 136 | ctx = node.context; 137 | if ((callback && cb !== callback) || (context && ctx !== context)) { 138 | this.on(event, cb, ctx); 139 | } 140 | } 141 | } 142 | 143 | return this; 144 | }, 145 | 146 | // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are 147 | // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name 148 | // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to 149 | // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). 150 | trigger: function(events) { 151 | var event, node, calls, tail, args, all, rest; 152 | if (!(calls = this._callbacks)) return this; 153 | all = calls.all; 154 | events = events.split(eventSplitter); 155 | rest = slice.call(arguments, 1); 156 | 157 | // For each event, walk through the linked list of callbacks twice, 158 | // first to trigger the event, then to trigger any `"all"` callbacks. 159 | while (event = events.shift()) { 160 | if (node = calls[event]) { 161 | tail = node.tail; 162 | while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { 163 | node.callback.apply(node.context || this, rest); 164 | } 165 | } 166 | if (node = all) { 167 | tail = node.tail; 168 | args = [event].concat(rest); 169 | while ((node = node.next) !== tail) { 170 | node.callback.apply(node.context || this, args); 171 | } 172 | } 173 | } 174 | 175 | return this; 176 | } 177 | 178 | }; 179 | 180 | // Aliases for backwards compatibility. 181 | Events.bind = Events.on; 182 | Events.unbind = Events.off; 183 | 184 | // Backbone.Model 185 | // -------------- 186 | 187 | // Create a new model, with defined attributes. A client id (`cid`) 188 | // is automatically generated and assigned for you. 189 | var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { 190 | var defaults; 191 | attributes || (attributes = {}); 192 | if (options && options.parse) attributes = this.parse(attributes); 193 | if (defaults = getValue(this, 'defaults')) { 194 | attributes = _.extend({}, defaults, attributes); 195 | } 196 | if (options && options.collection) this.collection = options.collection; 197 | this.attributes = {}; 198 | this._escapedAttributes = {}; 199 | this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); 200 | this.changed = {}; 201 | this._silent = {}; 202 | this._pending = {}; 203 | this.set(attributes, {silent: true}); 204 | // Reset change tracking. 205 | this.changed = {}; 206 | this._silent = {}; 207 | this._pending = {}; 208 | this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); 209 | this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 210 | }; 211 | 212 | // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. 213 | _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { 214 | 215 | // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. 216 | changed: null, 217 | 218 | // A hash of attributes that have silently changed since the last time 219 | // `change` was called. Will become pending attributes on the next call. 220 | _silent: null, 221 | 222 | // A hash of attributes that have changed since the last `'change'` event 223 | // began. 224 | _pending: null, 225 | 226 | // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and 227 | // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. 228 | idAttribute: 'id', 229 | 230 | // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 231 | // initialization logic. 232 | initialize: function(){}, 233 | 234 | // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. 235 | toJSON: function(options) { 236 | return _.clone(this.attributes); 237 | }, 238 | 239 | // Get the value of an attribute. 240 | get: function(attr) { 241 | return this.attributes[attr]; 242 | }, 243 | 244 | // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. 245 | escape: function(attr) { 246 | var html; 247 | if (html = this._escapedAttributes[attr]) return html; 248 | var val = this.get(attr); 249 | return this._escapedAttributes[attr] = _.escape(val == null ? '' : '' + val); 250 | }, 251 | 252 | // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null 253 | // or undefined. 254 | has: function(attr) { 255 | return this.get(attr) != null; 256 | }, 257 | 258 | // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"` unless 259 | // you choose to silence it. 260 | set: function(key, value, options) { 261 | var attrs, attr, val; 262 | 263 | // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. 264 | if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) { 265 | attrs = key; 266 | options = value; 267 | } else { 268 | attrs = {}; 269 | attrs[key] = value; 270 | } 271 | 272 | // Extract attributes and options. 273 | options || (options = {}); 274 | if (!attrs) return this; 275 | if (attrs instanceof Model) attrs = attrs.attributes; 276 | if (options.unset) for (attr in attrs) attrs[attr] = void 0; 277 | 278 | // Run validation. 279 | if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; 280 | 281 | // Check for changes of `id`. 282 | if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; 283 | 284 | var changes = options.changes = {}; 285 | var now = this.attributes; 286 | var escaped = this._escapedAttributes; 287 | var prev = this._previousAttributes || {}; 288 | 289 | // For each `set` attribute... 290 | for (attr in attrs) { 291 | val = attrs[attr]; 292 | 293 | // If the new and current value differ, record the change. 294 | if (!_.isEqual(now[attr], val) || (options.unset && _.has(now, attr))) { 295 | delete escaped[attr]; 296 | (options.silent ? this._silent : changes)[attr] = true; 297 | } 298 | 299 | // Update or delete the current value. 300 | options.unset ? delete now[attr] : now[attr] = val; 301 | 302 | // If the new and previous value differ, record the change. If not, 303 | // then remove changes for this attribute. 304 | if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val) || (_.has(now, attr) != _.has(prev, attr))) { 305 | this.changed[attr] = val; 306 | if (!options.silent) this._pending[attr] = true; 307 | } else { 308 | delete this.changed[attr]; 309 | delete this._pending[attr]; 310 | } 311 | } 312 | 313 | // Fire the `"change"` events. 314 | if (!options.silent) this.change(options); 315 | return this; 316 | }, 317 | 318 | // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose 319 | // to silence it. `unset` is a noop if the attribute doesn't exist. 320 | unset: function(attr, options) { 321 | (options || (options = {})).unset = true; 322 | return this.set(attr, null, options); 323 | }, 324 | 325 | // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"` unless you choose 326 | // to silence it. 327 | clear: function(options) { 328 | (options || (options = {})).unset = true; 329 | return this.set(_.clone(this.attributes), options); 330 | }, 331 | 332 | // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the 333 | // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overriden, 334 | // triggering a `"change"` event. 335 | fetch: function(options) { 336 | options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 337 | var model = this; 338 | var success = options.success; 339 | options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { 340 | if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, xhr), options)) return false; 341 | if (success) success(model, resp); 342 | }; 343 | options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); 344 | return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options); 345 | }, 346 | 347 | // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. 348 | // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's 349 | // state will be `set` again. 350 | save: function(key, value, options) { 351 | var attrs, current; 352 | 353 | // Handle both `("key", value)` and `({key: value})` -style calls. 354 | if (_.isObject(key) || key == null) { 355 | attrs = key; 356 | options = value; 357 | } else { 358 | attrs = {}; 359 | attrs[key] = value; 360 | } 361 | options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 362 | 363 | // If we're "wait"-ing to set changed attributes, validate early. 364 | if (options.wait) { 365 | if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; 366 | current = _.clone(this.attributes); 367 | } 368 | 369 | // Regular saves `set` attributes before persisting to the server. 370 | var silentOptions = _.extend({}, options, {silent: true}); 371 | if (attrs && !this.set(attrs, options.wait ? silentOptions : options)) { 372 | return false; 373 | } 374 | 375 | // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) 376 | // updated with the server-side state. 377 | var model = this; 378 | var success = options.success; 379 | options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { 380 | var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, xhr); 381 | if (options.wait) { 382 | delete options.wait; 383 | serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); 384 | } 385 | if (!model.set(serverAttrs, options)) return false; 386 | if (success) { 387 | success(model, resp); 388 | } else { 389 | model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 390 | } 391 | }; 392 | 393 | // Finish configuring and sending the Ajax request. 394 | options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); 395 | var method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : 'update'; 396 | var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, method, this, options); 397 | if (options.wait) this.set(current, silentOptions); 398 | return xhr; 399 | }, 400 | 401 | // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. 402 | // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. 403 | // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. 404 | destroy: function(options) { 405 | options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 406 | var model = this; 407 | var success = options.success; 408 | 409 | var triggerDestroy = function() { 410 | model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); 411 | }; 412 | 413 | if (this.isNew()) { 414 | triggerDestroy(); 415 | return false; 416 | } 417 | 418 | options.success = function(resp) { 419 | if (options.wait) triggerDestroy(); 420 | if (success) { 421 | success(model, resp); 422 | } else { 423 | model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 424 | } 425 | }; 426 | 427 | options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, model, options); 428 | var xhr = (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'delete', this, options); 429 | if (!options.wait) triggerDestroy(); 430 | return xhr; 431 | }, 432 | 433 | // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're 434 | // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint 435 | // that will be called. 436 | url: function() { 437 | var base = getValue(this, 'urlRoot') || getValue(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); 438 | if (this.isNew()) return base; 439 | return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) == '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); 440 | }, 441 | 442 | // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on 443 | // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. 444 | parse: function(resp, xhr) { 445 | return resp; 446 | }, 447 | 448 | // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. 449 | clone: function() { 450 | return new this.constructor(this.attributes); 451 | }, 452 | 453 | // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. 454 | isNew: function() { 455 | return this.id == null; 456 | }, 457 | 458 | // Call this method to manually fire a `"change"` event for this model and 459 | // a `"change:attribute"` event for each changed attribute. 460 | // Calling this will cause all objects observing the model to update. 461 | change: function(options) { 462 | options || (options = {}); 463 | var changing = this._changing; 464 | this._changing = true; 465 | 466 | // Silent changes become pending changes. 467 | for (var attr in this._silent) this._pending[attr] = true; 468 | 469 | // Silent changes are triggered. 470 | var changes = _.extend({}, options.changes, this._silent); 471 | this._silent = {}; 472 | for (var attr in changes) { 473 | this.trigger('change:' + attr, this, this.get(attr), options); 474 | } 475 | if (changing) return this; 476 | 477 | // Continue firing `"change"` events while there are pending changes. 478 | while (!_.isEmpty(this._pending)) { 479 | this._pending = {}; 480 | this.trigger('change', this, options); 481 | // Pending and silent changes still remain. 482 | for (var attr in this.changed) { 483 | if (this._pending[attr] || this._silent[attr]) continue; 484 | delete this.changed[attr]; 485 | } 486 | this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); 487 | } 488 | 489 | this._changing = false; 490 | return this; 491 | }, 492 | 493 | // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. 494 | // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. 495 | hasChanged: function(attr) { 496 | if (!arguments.length) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); 497 | return _.has(this.changed, attr); 498 | }, 499 | 500 | // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or 501 | // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what 502 | // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be 503 | // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. 504 | // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, 505 | // determining if there *would be* a change. 506 | changedAttributes: function(diff) { 507 | if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; 508 | var val, changed = false, old = this._previousAttributes; 509 | for (var attr in diff) { 510 | if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; 511 | (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; 512 | } 513 | return changed; 514 | }, 515 | 516 | // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last 517 | // `"change"` event was fired. 518 | previous: function(attr) { 519 | if (!arguments.length || !this._previousAttributes) return null; 520 | return this._previousAttributes[attr]; 521 | }, 522 | 523 | // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous 524 | // `"change"` event. 525 | previousAttributes: function() { 526 | return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); 527 | }, 528 | 529 | // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. It's only possible to 530 | // get into an *invalid* state if you're using silent changes. 531 | isValid: function() { 532 | return !this.validate(this.attributes); 533 | }, 534 | 535 | // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, 536 | // returning `true` if all is well. If a specific `error` callback has 537 | // been passed, call that instead of firing the general `"error"` event. 538 | _validate: function(attrs, options) { 539 | if (options.silent || !this.validate) return true; 540 | attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); 541 | var error = this.validate(attrs, options); 542 | if (!error) return true; 543 | if (options && options.error) { 544 | options.error(this, error, options); 545 | } else { 546 | this.trigger('error', this, error, options); 547 | } 548 | return false; 549 | } 550 | 551 | }); 552 | 553 | // Backbone.Collection 554 | // ------------------- 555 | 556 | // Provides a standard collection class for our sets of models, ordered 557 | // or unordered. If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain 558 | // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. 559 | var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { 560 | options || (options = {}); 561 | if (options.model) this.model = options.model; 562 | if (options.comparator) this.comparator = options.comparator; 563 | this._reset(); 564 | this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 565 | if (models) this.reset(models, {silent: true, parse: options.parse}); 566 | }; 567 | 568 | // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. 569 | _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { 570 | 571 | // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. 572 | // This should be overridden in most cases. 573 | model: Model, 574 | 575 | // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 576 | // initialization logic. 577 | initialize: function(){}, 578 | 579 | // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the 580 | // models' attributes. 581 | toJSON: function(options) { 582 | return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); }); 583 | }, 584 | 585 | // Add a model, or list of models to the set. Pass **silent** to avoid 586 | // firing the `add` event for every new model. 587 | add: function(models, options) { 588 | var i, index, length, model, cid, id, cids = {}, ids = {}, dups = []; 589 | options || (options = {}); 590 | models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; 591 | 592 | // Begin by turning bare objects into model references, and preventing 593 | // invalid models or duplicate models from being added. 594 | for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) { 595 | if (!(model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) { 596 | throw new Error("Can't add an invalid model to a collection"); 597 | } 598 | cid = model.cid; 599 | id = model.id; 600 | if (cids[cid] || this._byCid[cid] || ((id != null) && (ids[id] || this._byId[id]))) { 601 | dups.push(i); 602 | continue; 603 | } 604 | cids[cid] = ids[id] = model; 605 | } 606 | 607 | // Remove duplicates. 608 | i = dups.length; 609 | while (i--) { 610 | models.splice(dups[i], 1); 611 | } 612 | 613 | // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by 614 | // `id` and by `cid`. 615 | for (i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) { 616 | (model = models[i]).on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); 617 | this._byCid[model.cid] = model; 618 | if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; 619 | } 620 | 621 | // Insert models into the collection, re-sorting if needed, and triggering 622 | // `add` events unless silenced. 623 | this.length += length; 624 | index = options.at != null ? options.at : this.models.length; 625 | splice.apply(this.models, [index, 0].concat(models)); 626 | if (this.comparator) this.sort({silent: true}); 627 | if (options.silent) return this; 628 | for (i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) { 629 | if (!cids[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) continue; 630 | options.index = i; 631 | model.trigger('add', model, this, options); 632 | } 633 | return this; 634 | }, 635 | 636 | // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. Pass silent to avoid 637 | // firing the `remove` event for every model removed. 638 | remove: function(models, options) { 639 | var i, l, index, model; 640 | options || (options = {}); 641 | models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; 642 | for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { 643 | model = this.getByCid(models[i]) || this.get(models[i]); 644 | if (!model) continue; 645 | delete this._byId[model.id]; 646 | delete this._byCid[model.cid]; 647 | index = this.indexOf(model); 648 | this.models.splice(index, 1); 649 | this.length--; 650 | if (!options.silent) { 651 | options.index = index; 652 | model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); 653 | } 654 | this._removeReference(model); 655 | } 656 | return this; 657 | }, 658 | 659 | // Add a model to the end of the collection. 660 | push: function(model, options) { 661 | model = this._prepareModel(model, options); 662 | this.add(model, options); 663 | return model; 664 | }, 665 | 666 | // Remove a model from the end of the collection. 667 | pop: function(options) { 668 | var model = this.at(this.length - 1); 669 | this.remove(model, options); 670 | return model; 671 | }, 672 | 673 | // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. 674 | unshift: function(model, options) { 675 | model = this._prepareModel(model, options); 676 | this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); 677 | return model; 678 | }, 679 | 680 | // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. 681 | shift: function(options) { 682 | var model = this.at(0); 683 | this.remove(model, options); 684 | return model; 685 | }, 686 | 687 | // Get a model from the set by id. 688 | get: function(id) { 689 | if (id == null) return void 0; 690 | return this._byId[id.id != null ? id.id : id]; 691 | }, 692 | 693 | // Get a model from the set by client id. 694 | getByCid: function(cid) { 695 | return cid && this._byCid[cid.cid || cid]; 696 | }, 697 | 698 | // Get the model at the given index. 699 | at: function(index) { 700 | return this.models[index]; 701 | }, 702 | 703 | // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of `filter`. 704 | where: function(attrs) { 705 | if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return []; 706 | return this.filter(function(model) { 707 | for (var key in attrs) { 708 | if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; 709 | } 710 | return true; 711 | }); 712 | }, 713 | 714 | // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under 715 | // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item 716 | // is added. 717 | sort: function(options) { 718 | options || (options = {}); 719 | if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); 720 | var boundComparator = _.bind(this.comparator, this); 721 | if (this.comparator.length == 1) { 722 | this.models = this.sortBy(boundComparator); 723 | } else { 724 | this.models.sort(boundComparator); 725 | } 726 | if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); 727 | return this; 728 | }, 729 | 730 | // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. 731 | pluck: function(attr) { 732 | return _.map(this.models, function(model){ return model.get(attr); }); 733 | }, 734 | 735 | // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, 736 | // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing 737 | // any `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. 738 | reset: function(models, options) { 739 | models || (models = []); 740 | options || (options = {}); 741 | for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { 742 | this._removeReference(this.models[i]); 743 | } 744 | this._reset(); 745 | this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); 746 | if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); 747 | return this; 748 | }, 749 | 750 | // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the 751 | // collection when they arrive. If `add: true` is passed, appends the 752 | // models to the collection instead of resetting. 753 | fetch: function(options) { 754 | options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 755 | if (options.parse === undefined) options.parse = true; 756 | var collection = this; 757 | var success = options.success; 758 | options.success = function(resp, status, xhr) { 759 | collection[options.add ? 'add' : 'reset'](collection.parse(resp, xhr), options); 760 | if (success) success(collection, resp); 761 | }; 762 | options.error = Backbone.wrapError(options.error, collection, options); 763 | return (this.sync || Backbone.sync).call(this, 'read', this, options); 764 | }, 765 | 766 | // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the 767 | // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we 768 | // wait for the server to agree. 769 | create: function(model, options) { 770 | var coll = this; 771 | options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; 772 | model = this._prepareModel(model, options); 773 | if (!model) return false; 774 | if (!options.wait) coll.add(model, options); 775 | var success = options.success; 776 | options.success = function(nextModel, resp, xhr) { 777 | if (options.wait) coll.add(nextModel, options); 778 | if (success) { 779 | success(nextModel, resp); 780 | } else { 781 | nextModel.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); 782 | } 783 | }; 784 | model.save(null, options); 785 | return model; 786 | }, 787 | 788 | // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the 789 | // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. 790 | parse: function(resp, xhr) { 791 | return resp; 792 | }, 793 | 794 | // Proxy to _'s chain. Can't be proxied the same way the rest of the 795 | // underscore methods are proxied because it relies on the underscore 796 | // constructor. 797 | chain: function () { 798 | return _(this.models).chain(); 799 | }, 800 | 801 | // Reset all internal state. Called when the collection is reset. 802 | _reset: function(options) { 803 | this.length = 0; 804 | this.models = []; 805 | this._byId = {}; 806 | this._byCid = {}; 807 | }, 808 | 809 | // Prepare a model or hash of attributes to be added to this collection. 810 | _prepareModel: function(model, options) { 811 | options || (options = {}); 812 | if (!(model instanceof Model)) { 813 | var attrs = model; 814 | options.collection = this; 815 | model = new this.model(attrs, options); 816 | if (!model._validate(model.attributes, options)) model = false; 817 | } else if (!model.collection) { 818 | model.collection = this; 819 | } 820 | return model; 821 | }, 822 | 823 | // Internal method to remove a model's ties to a collection. 824 | _removeReference: function(model) { 825 | if (this == model.collection) { 826 | delete model.collection; 827 | } 828 | model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); 829 | }, 830 | 831 | // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. 832 | // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other 833 | // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate 834 | // in other collections are ignored. 835 | _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { 836 | if ((event == 'add' || event == 'remove') && collection != this) return; 837 | if (event == 'destroy') { 838 | this.remove(model, options); 839 | } 840 | if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) { 841 | delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; 842 | this._byId[model.id] = model; 843 | } 844 | this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); 845 | } 846 | 847 | }); 848 | 849 | // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. 850 | var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'find', 851 | 'detect', 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 852 | 'include', 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'sortBy', 'sortedIndex', 853 | 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'initial', 'rest', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 854 | 'shuffle', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'groupBy']; 855 | 856 | // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. 857 | _.each(methods, function(method) { 858 | Collection.prototype[method] = function() { 859 | return _[method].apply(_, [this.models].concat(_.toArray(arguments))); 860 | }; 861 | }); 862 | 863 | // Backbone.Router 864 | // ------------------- 865 | 866 | // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are 867 | // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. 868 | var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { 869 | options || (options = {}); 870 | if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; 871 | this._bindRoutes(); 872 | this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); 873 | }; 874 | 875 | // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted 876 | // parts of route strings. 877 | var namedParam = /:\w+/g; 878 | var splatParam = /\*\w+/g; 879 | var escapeRegExp = /[-[\]{}()+?.,\\^$|#\s]/g; 880 | 881 | // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. 882 | _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { 883 | 884 | // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own 885 | // initialization logic. 886 | initialize: function(){}, 887 | 888 | // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: 889 | // 890 | // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { 891 | // ... 892 | // }); 893 | // 894 | route: function(route, name, callback) { 895 | Backbone.history || (Backbone.history = new History); 896 | if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); 897 | if (!callback) callback = this[name]; 898 | Backbone.history.route(route, _.bind(function(fragment) { 899 | var args = this._extractParameters(route, fragment); 900 | callback && callback.apply(this, args); 901 | this.trigger.apply(this, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); 902 | Backbone.history.trigger('route', this, name, args); 903 | }, this)); 904 | return this; 905 | }, 906 | 907 | // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. 908 | navigate: function(fragment, options) { 909 | Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); 910 | }, 911 | 912 | // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the 913 | // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general 914 | // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. 915 | _bindRoutes: function() { 916 | if (!this.routes) return; 917 | var routes = []; 918 | for (var route in this.routes) { 919 | routes.unshift([route, this.routes[route]]); 920 | } 921 | for (var i = 0, l = routes.length; i < l; i++) { 922 | this.route(routes[i][0], routes[i][1], this[routes[i][1]]); 923 | } 924 | }, 925 | 926 | // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching 927 | // against the current location hash. 928 | _routeToRegExp: function(route) { 929 | route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&') 930 | .replace(namedParam, '([^\/]+)') 931 | .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)'); 932 | return new RegExp('^' + route + '$'); 933 | }, 934 | 935 | // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of 936 | // extracted parameters. 937 | _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { 938 | return route.exec(fragment).slice(1); 939 | } 940 | 941 | }); 942 | 943 | // Backbone.History 944 | // ---------------- 945 | 946 | // Handles cross-browser history management, based on URL fragments. If the 947 | // browser does not support `onhashchange`, falls back to polling. 948 | var History = Backbone.History = function() { 949 | this.handlers = []; 950 | _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl'); 951 | }; 952 | 953 | // Cached regex for cleaning leading hashes and slashes . 954 | var routeStripper = /^[#\/]/; 955 | 956 | // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. 957 | var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/; 958 | 959 | // Has the history handling already been started? 960 | History.started = false; 961 | 962 | // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. 963 | _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { 964 | 965 | // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is 966 | // twenty times a second. 967 | interval: 50, 968 | 969 | // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug 970 | // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. 971 | getHash: function(windowOverride) { 972 | var loc = windowOverride ? windowOverride.location : window.location; 973 | var match = loc.href.match(/#(.*)$/); 974 | return match ? match[1] : ''; 975 | }, 976 | 977 | // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, 978 | // the hash, or the override. 979 | getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { 980 | if (fragment == null) { 981 | if (this._hasPushState || forcePushState) { 982 | fragment = window.location.pathname; 983 | var search = window.location.search; 984 | if (search) fragment += search; 985 | } else { 986 | fragment = this.getHash(); 987 | } 988 | } 989 | if (!fragment.indexOf(this.options.root)) fragment = fragment.substr(this.options.root.length); 990 | return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); 991 | }, 992 | 993 | // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches 994 | // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. 995 | start: function(options) { 996 | if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); 997 | History.started = true; 998 | 999 | // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? 1000 | // Is pushState desired ... is it available? 1001 | this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options); 1002 | this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; 1003 | this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; 1004 | this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && window.history && window.history.pushState); 1005 | var fragment = this.getFragment(); 1006 | var docMode = document.documentMode; 1007 | var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); 1008 | 1009 | if (oldIE) { 1010 | this.iframe = $('