├── .gitmodules ├── README ├── systemd ├── tlsnotary_server.path ├── tlsnotary_server.service ├── tlsnotary_setup.service └── tlsnotary_setup.sh ├── grub └── grub.cfg ├── initrd └── custom ├── make_oracle.sh ├── aws_query.py ├── INSTALL └── LICENSE /.gitmodules: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [submodule "server"] 2 | path = server 3 | url = https://github.com/tlsnotary/server 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Sandboxed notary server for PageSigner. 2 | This is an AWS EC2 instance which is set up in such a manner that even the admin who launched it is unable to log into it. 3 | 4 | 5 | See INSTALL for more in-depth instructions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /systemd/tlsnotary_server.path: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [Unit] 2 | Description=Start TLSNotary server when Path starts to exist 3 | 4 | [Path] 5 | PathExists=/home/ubuntu/setupdone 6 | Unit=tlsnotary_server.service 7 | 8 | [Install] 9 | WantedBy=graphical.target -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /grub/grub.cfg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | set timeout=0 2 | set default=0 3 | terminal_output console 4 | 5 | menuentry "instance" { 6 | linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.11.0-1020-aws root=PARTUUID=3fa6b62f-01 ro console=tty1 console=ttyS0 7 | initrd /boot/initrd 8 | boot 9 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /systemd/tlsnotary_server.service: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [Unit] 2 | Description=TLSNotary notary server 3 | 4 | [Service] 5 | ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/server/src/notary 6 | StandardOutput=file:/dev/tty1 7 | StandardError=file:/dev/tty1 8 | User=ubuntu 9 | Group=ubuntu 10 | 11 | [Install] 12 | WantedBy=graphical.target -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /initrd/custom: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh 2 | echo "making sure only one nvme device exists" 3 | for entry in /dev/nvme* 4 | do 5 | echo "$entry" 6 | if [ $entry != "/dev/nvme0" ] && [ $entry != "/dev/nvme0n1" ] && [ $entry != "/dev/nvme0n1p1" ]; then 7 | echo "unexpected device, halting" 8 | halt 9 | fi 10 | done -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /systemd/tlsnotary_setup.service: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # It seems that AWS only allows one service to print to System Log during graphical.target 2 | # This service will run the setup, touch a file to signal to tlsnotary_server to start, 3 | # and will wait for notary's masterkey to print it to console 4 | 5 | [Unit] 6 | Description=TLSNotary setup 7 | After=multi-user.target 8 | 9 | [Service] 10 | Type=oneshot 11 | ExecStart=/bin/bash '/root/systemd/tlsnotary_setup.sh' 12 | StandardOutput=journal+console 13 | 14 | [Install] 15 | WantedBy=graphical.target -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /systemd/tlsnotary_setup.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/sh -e 2 | 3 | apt -qq update 4 | apt install -y nodejs haveged 5 | # give haveged some time to collect entropy 6 | sleep 5 7 | wget --no-verbose https://golang.org/dl/go1.17.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz 8 | rm -rf /usr/local/go && tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.17.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz 9 | cd /home/ubuntu/server/src 10 | export GOPATH=/home/ubuntu 11 | export HOME=/home/ubuntu 12 | export GOROOT=/usr/local/go 13 | /usr/local/go/bin/go mod init notary 14 | /usr/local/go/bin/go get github.com/bwesterb/go-ristretto@b51b4774df9150ea7d7616f76e77f745a464bbe3 15 | /usr/local/go/bin/go get github.com/roasbeef/go-go-gadget-paillier@14f1f86b60008ece97b6233ed246373e555fc79f 16 | /usr/local/go/bin/go get golang.org/x/crypto/blake2b 17 | /usr/local/go/bin/go get golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/secretbox 18 | /usr/local/go/bin/go build -o notary 19 | 20 | # because we modified cloud init modules, there will be no user ubuntu at this point 21 | adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" ubuntu 22 | chown -R ubuntu:ubuntu /home/ubuntu/ 23 | usermod -a -G tty ubuntu #allow user ubuntu to print to tty 24 | 25 | # setup an encrypted swap 26 | fallocate -l 1G /cryptswap 27 | echo "cryptswap /cryptswap /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-xts-plain64" >> /etc/crypttab 28 | echo "/dev/mapper/cryptswap none swap sw 0 0" >> /etc/fstab 29 | cryptdisks_start cryptswap 30 | swapon -a 31 | 32 | #assign random passwords for good measure 33 | #dont use "cat /dev/urandom | base64" because we can get a Broken pipe error 34 | random1="$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=200 count=1)" 35 | random2="$(dd if=/dev/urandom bs=200 count=1)" 36 | pass1="$(echo $random1 | base64 | head -c 20)" 37 | pass2="$(echo $random2 | base64 | head -c 20)" 38 | echo ubuntu:$pass1 | chpasswd 39 | echo root:$pass2 | chpasswd 40 | 41 | #using -I to insert rules to the top of the list, i.e. they will appear in iptables in reverse order 42 | #allow only port 10011 and 10012 and localhost 43 | iptables -I INPUT -j DROP 44 | # allow time sync with AWS's NTP listening on link-local address 45 | iptables -I INPUT -s 169.254.169.123 -j ACCEPT 46 | iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 10011 -j ACCEPT 47 | iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 10012 -j ACCEPT 48 | #anti DoS: allow no more than 6 new connections every 40 seconds 49 | iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 10011 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set 50 | iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 10011 -m state --state NEW -m recent --update --seconds 40 --hitcount 6 -j DROP 51 | iptables -I INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT 52 | 53 | touch /home/ubuntu/setupdone 54 | # as soon as public.key appears, print it and exit 55 | /bin/bash -c 'FILE=/home/ubuntu/server/src/public.key; until [ -f $FILE ]; do sleep 1; done; echo "PageSigner public key for verification"; sleep 3; cat $FILE; sleep 3; exit' 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /make_oracle.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | uuid="2a29f520-1100-4824-b5d9-d841f1267838" 3 | 4 | if [ "$#" -gt 1 ]; then 5 | echo "only one argument allowed: device to modify, e.g. /dev/nvme2n1p1" 6 | exit 1 7 | fi 8 | 9 | if [ "$#" -eq 1 ]; then 10 | dev=$1 11 | lines=$(blkid $1 | grep $uuid | wc -l) 12 | if [ $lines != 1 ]; then 13 | echo "the device $dev doesn't have the expected UUID $uuid" 14 | exit 1 15 | fi 16 | else 17 | count=$(blkid | grep $uuid | wc -l) 18 | if [ $count == 0 ]; then 19 | echo "a disk with uuid $uuid was not detected" 20 | echo "please attach it first and rerun" 21 | exit 1 22 | fi 23 | if [ $count != 1 ]; then 24 | echo "more than one disk with uuid $uuid detected" 25 | echo "please specify explicitely what disk you'd like to modify, e.g:" 26 | echo "sudo ./make_oracle.sh /dev/nvme2n1p1" 27 | exit 1 28 | else 29 | dev=$(blkid --uuid $uuid) 30 | fi 31 | fi 32 | 33 | mountpoint=$(mount | grep $dev | cut -d' ' -f3) 34 | echo $mountpoint 35 | if [ ! -z $mountpoint ] && [ $mountpoint = "/" ]; then 36 | echo "will not modify $dev because it is mounted on /" 37 | exit 1 38 | fi 39 | 40 | echo "will modify device $dev" 41 | DISK=$(mktemp -d) 42 | mount $dev $DISK 43 | 44 | # use our custom grub.cfg 45 | cp grub/grub.cfg $DISK/boot/grub/grub.cfg 46 | mkdir -p $DISK/home/ubuntu/server 47 | cp -R server $DISK/home/ubuntu 48 | cp -R systemd $DISK/root 49 | cp systemd/tlsnotary_* $DISK/etc/systemd/system/ 50 | #make services start on boot 51 | ln -s /etc/systemd/system/tlsnotary_server.service $DISK/etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants/ 52 | ln -s /etc/systemd/system/tlsnotary_server.path $DISK/etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants/ 53 | ln -s /etc/systemd/system/tlsnotary_setup.service $DISK/etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants/ 54 | 55 | # remove ssh logins 56 | rm $DISK/usr/sbin/sshd 57 | rm $DISK/etc/systemd/system/sshd.service 58 | rm $DISK/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service 59 | rm $DISK/etc/init.d/ssh 60 | # remove tty logins 61 | rm $DISK/sbin/agetty 62 | rm $DISK/lib/systemd/system/getty@.service 63 | rm -R $DISK/etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants 64 | # remove serial console logins 65 | rm -R $DISK/lib/systemd/system/serial-getty@.service 66 | # disable cloudinit modules through which user data can potentially be passed to the instance 67 | sed -i 's/- bootcmd//' $DISK/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg 68 | sed -i 's/- runcmd//' $DISK/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg 69 | sed -i 's/- rightscale_userdata//' $DISK/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg 70 | sed -i 's/- scripts-user//' $DISK/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg 71 | sed -i 's/- ssh//' $DISK/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg 72 | 73 | # unpack initrd, add our custom script and repack 74 | tmp=$(mktemp -d) 75 | dd if=$DISK/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-1020-aws of=$tmp/microcode bs=512 count=9066 76 | dd if=$DISK/boot/initrd.img-5.11.0-1020-aws of=$tmp/initrd_old bs=512 skip=9066 77 | mkdir $tmp/cpio && (unlz4 | cpio -i -D $tmp/cpio) < $tmp/initrd_old 78 | cp initrd/custom $tmp/cpio/scripts/init-premount/custom 79 | echo '/scripts/init-premount/custom "$@"' >> $tmp/cpio/scripts/init-premount/ORDER 80 | chmod +x $tmp/cpio/scripts/init-premount/custom 81 | find $tmp/cpio -exec touch -amht 202001020304 {} + 82 | pushd $tmp/cpio && find . | sort -t \n | cpio --reproducible -H newc -o | gzip > $tmp/initrd && popd 83 | cat $tmp/microcode $tmp/initrd > $DISK/boot/initrd 84 | rm -r $tmp 85 | 86 | umount $dev 87 | echo "$dev has been successfully modified" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /aws_query.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import sys 2 | import hmac 3 | import base64 4 | import hashlib 5 | from urllib import parse 6 | 7 | if len(sys.argv) != 6: 8 | print ('Outputs HTTPS GET links in JSON to be used to check the oracle status') 9 | print ('The default availability zone is ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com') 10 | print ('Usage: ami-id instance-id volume-id AWS-ID AWS-secret') 11 | print ('Where:') 12 | print ('ami-id is the AMI from which the instance was launched,') 13 | print ('instance-id is the notary server instance, and') 14 | print ('volume-id is the volume attached to it.') 15 | exit(0) 16 | 17 | common_args = [('Expires=2030-01-01'), ('SignatureMethod=HmacSHA256'), ('SignatureVersion=2')] 18 | availability_zone = 'ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com' 19 | ami_id = sys.argv[1] 20 | instance_id = sys.argv[2] 21 | volume_id = sys.argv[3] 22 | key = sys.argv[4] 23 | secret = sys.argv[5] 24 | output = '' 25 | 26 | def makeurl(args, endpoint, abbr): 27 | global output 28 | # sorting is essential, otherwise AWS will refuse the signature 29 | args.sort() 30 | argstr = '' 31 | for arg in args: 32 | argstr += parse.quote_plus(arg, '=')+'&' 33 | argstr = argstr[:-1] 34 | secret_bytes = bytes(secret , 'latin-1') 35 | mhmac = hmac.new(secret_bytes, ('GET\n'+endpoint+'\n/\n'+argstr).encode('utf-8'),hashlib.sha256) 36 | base64str = base64.b64encode(mhmac.digest()).strip().decode('utf-8') 37 | urlenc_sig = parse.quote_plus(base64str) 38 | final_string='https://'+endpoint+'/?'+argstr+'&Signature='+urlenc_sig 39 | output += '"' + final_string + '",' 40 | 41 | print('The JSON below is an input for URLFetcher:') 42 | output += '[' 43 | args = [] 44 | args.extend(common_args) 45 | args.append('Action=DescribeInstances') 46 | args.append('InstanceId='+instance_id) 47 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 48 | # Version= seems to be some AWS-specific expected value. If changed, it will 49 | # cause the HTTP query to fail 50 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 51 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DI') 52 | 53 | args = [] 54 | args.extend(common_args) 55 | args.append('Action=DescribeVolumes') 56 | args.append('VolumeId='+volume_id) 57 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 58 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 59 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DV') 60 | 61 | args = [] 62 | args.extend(common_args) 63 | args.append('Action=GetConsoleOutput') 64 | args.append('InstanceId='+instance_id) 65 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 66 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 67 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'GCO') 68 | 69 | args = [] 70 | args.extend(common_args) 71 | args.append('Action=GetUser') 72 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 73 | args.append('Version=2010-05-08') 74 | makeurl(args, 'iam.amazonaws.com', 'GU') 75 | 76 | args = [] 77 | args.extend(common_args) 78 | args.append('Action=DescribeInstanceAttribute') 79 | args.append('InstanceId='+instance_id) 80 | args.append('Attribute=userData') 81 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 82 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 83 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DIAud') 84 | 85 | args = [] 86 | args.extend(common_args) 87 | args.append('Action=DescribeInstanceAttribute') 88 | args.append('InstanceId='+instance_id) 89 | args.append('Attribute=kernel') 90 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 91 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 92 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DIAk') 93 | 94 | args = [] 95 | args.extend(common_args) 96 | args.append('Action=DescribeInstanceAttribute') 97 | args.append('InstanceId='+instance_id) 98 | args.append('Attribute=ramdisk') 99 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 100 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 101 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DIAr') 102 | 103 | args = [] 104 | args.extend(common_args) 105 | args.append('Action=DescribeImages') 106 | args.append('ImageId.1='+ami_id) 107 | args.append('AWSAccessKeyId='+key) 108 | args.append('Version=2014-10-01') 109 | makeurl(args, availability_zone, 'DImg') 110 | output = output[:-1] 111 | output += ']' 112 | print(output) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /INSTALL: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 | HOW TO CREATE A PAGESIGNER ORACLE INSTANCE. 3 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 | In N.Virginia region launch a Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS t3a.micro instance. After 5 | the instance has started, attach to it a volume created from snap-0c97f1c43c6bb2043 6 | (this snap is the one used by Ubuntu 20.04 LTS ami-083654bd07b5da81d). 7 | 8 | Log into the instance and run: 9 | sudo apt update && sudo apt install liblz4-tool 10 | git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/tlsnotary/pagesigner-oracles 11 | cd pagesigner-oracles 12 | sudo ./make_oracle.sh 13 | 14 | In AWS console: 15 | - detach the volume 16 | - create a public snapshot 17 | - create an image from the snapshot 18 | - note the AMI ID and make the AMI public. 19 | - launch the AMI as a t3a.micro instance 20 | - make sure that instance's "launchTime" and volume's "attachTime" happened on the same minute 21 | with no more than 2 seconds between the events. 22 | - make sure that Console Output is available (after ~5 mins) (right-click an 23 | instance -> Instance Settings (or Monitor and Troubleshoot) -> Get System Log) 24 | 25 | 26 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 | HOW TO PROVE THAT AN INSTANCE IS A CORRECTLY SET UP ORACLE 28 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 | Use aws_query.py to create and publish URLs for requests 30 | DescribeInstances 31 | DescribeInstanceAttribute (userData, kernel, ramdisk) 32 | DescribeVolumes 33 | DescribeImages 34 | GetUser 35 | GetConsoleOutput 36 | 37 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 | FOR VERIFIERS: HOW TO CHECK THAT THE SNAPSHOT CONTENTS WAS NOT MALICIOUSLY MODIFIED. 39 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 | Follow the steps in "HOW TO CREATE A PAGESIGNER ORACLE INSTANCE" up to and including "detach the volume". 41 | Attach the resulting volume (volX) to a running instance as /dev/sdg. 42 | Create a volume from snap-0c97f1c43c6bb2043 (volY) and attach it to /dev/sdh. 43 | 44 | Run from within the instance 45 | 46 | sudo -s 47 | fsck /dev/nvme1n1p1 48 | fsck /dev/nvme2n1p1 49 | #fsck must show that there were no errors 50 | mkdir /mnt/disk1 51 | mkdir /mnt/disk2 52 | mount /dev/nvme1n1p1 /mnt/disk1 53 | mount /dev/nvme2n1p1 /mnt/disk2 54 | 55 | 56 | Compare the hashes of volX and volY. 57 | First hash file/directory/symlink paths, ownership, permissions, and symlink targets. 58 | Then hash the contents of all regular files. 59 | The outputs must match. 60 | 61 | Also make sure that MBR and boot sector raw disk data match up to the point where filesystem starts. 62 | Note: we do not check ext4 filesystem headers because they are not deterministic. 63 | fdisk -l /dev/nvme1n1 should show you that you only have 1 partition which starts at sector 2048 64 | 65 | 66 | cd /mnt/disk1 67 | find . -printf '%h %f %U %G %m %l\n' | sort -t \n | sha256sum 68 | find . -type f -print0 | sort -z | xargs -0 sha256sum | sha256sum 69 | dd if=/dev/nvme1n1p1 ibs=512 count=2048 | sha256sum 70 | 71 | cd /mnt/disk2 72 | find . -printf '%h %f %U %G %m %l\n' | sort -t \n | sha256sum 73 | find . -type f -print0 | sort -z | xargs -0 sha256sum | sha256sum 74 | dd if=/dev/nvme2n1p1 ibs=512 count=2048 | sha256sum 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 | FOR VERIFIERS: HOW TO DETERMINE THAT THE RUNNING ORACLE INSTANCE IS LEGIT 80 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 | The published URLs must conform to the checks performed in 82 | https://github.com/tlsnotary/pagesigner/blob/master/core/oracles.js 83 | 84 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 | POTENTIAL ATTACKS AND HOW THEY HAVE BEEN MITIGATED 86 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 | (or in other words, what prevents the AWS account owner from modifying the oracle instance code) 88 | 89 | 90 | ---Potential Attack 1 91 | Launch the AMI with a malicious snapshot attached. 92 | ---Mitigation: 93 | We modified initrd to perform a check before mounting the root filesystem. If more than one disk is detected, the boot process will halt. 94 | As a redundant precaution, we also check System Log - only nvme0* is allowed there. 95 | ---Test: 96 | aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-0816669e11e43908e --block-device-mappings DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={SnapshotId=snap-0c97f1c43c6bb2043} --instance-type t3a.micro 97 | ---Output: 98 | Although the instance will start, it will halt before mounting the root filesystem. 99 | On instance screenshot you can see the last line reads : reboot: System halted 100 | 101 | 102 | ---Potential Attack 2 103 | Launch the AMI with a malicious snapshot as root device. 104 | ---Mitigation: 105 | AWS doesn't allow to modify the snapshotId of the root device. 106 | ---Test: 107 | aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-0816669e11e43908e --block-device-mappings DeviceName=/dev/sda1,Ebs={SnapshotId=snap-0c97f1c43c6bb2043} 108 | ---Output: 109 | An error occurred (InvalidBlockDeviceMapping) when calling the RunInstances operation: snapshotId cannot be modified on root device 110 | 111 | 112 | ---Potential Attack 3 113 | Launch the AMI with a malicious snapshot on /dev/xvda, and the root device disabled. The AMI will boot the only volume found on /dev/xvda. However it will not be made root device and no future volume attachments will become root device. 114 | ---Mitigation: 115 | We check with HTTP API that there is only one device /dev/sda1 and that it is a root device. 116 | ---Test: 117 | aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-0816669e11e43908e --block-device-mappings DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={SnapshotId=snap-0c97f1c43c6bb2043} DeviceName=/dev/sda1,NoDevice="" 118 | ---Output: 119 | In the Instance description Root device is "-" and Block devices is "/dev/xvda" 120 | 121 | 122 | ---Potential Attack 4 123 | Launch AMI with user data passed in. 124 | ---Mitigation: 125 | Since AWS doesn't allow to modify user data while the instance is running, the only way to pass it is during launch. 126 | We check with HTTP API DescribeInstanceAttribute userData that no data was passed. 127 | Additionally, we removed all modules from AMI's cloud-init which could be used to pass user data to the instance. 128 | ---Test: 129 | Create a simple script: 130 | printf '#!/bin/bash\necho "HELLO FROM USERDATA"' > script 131 | Run stock AMI with user data passed in: 132 | aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-04b9e92b5572fa0d1 --user-data file://script 133 | Run oracle AMI with user data passed in: 134 | aws ec2 run-instances --image-id ami-08514e4e0cd45a2f4 --user-data file://script 135 | --Output: 136 | User data in oracle AMI MUST NOT be visible in System Log as opposed to stock AMI. 137 | 138 | 139 | ---Potential Attack 5: 140 | Start a new snapshot with malicious content. Create an AMI from it. Complete the snapshot with the correct content. 141 | ---Mitigation: 142 | AWS does not allow to create AMIs from snapshots in "pending" state. 143 | ---Test: 144 | aws ebs start-snapshot --volume-size 8 145 | # Output will have a line "SnapshotId": "snap-0a1ddfc3fbd47ab98" 146 | aws ec2 register-image --root-device-name /dev/xvda --name test --block-device-mappings DeviceName=/dev/xvda,Ebs={SnapshotId=snap-0a1ddfc3fbd47ab98} 147 | ---Output: 148 | An error occurred (IncorrectInstanceState) when calling the RegisterImage operation: Snapshot 'snap-0d6c2afe1cc8668bf is not 'completed' 149 | 150 | 151 | ---Potential Attack 6 152 | A malicious admin may try to log in using EC Serial Console 153 | ---Mitigation 154 | We disabled getty which provides login prompt on the serial port. 155 | Additionally we assigned random password to all user accounts. 156 | ---Test 157 | aws ec2-instance-connect send-serial-console-ssh-public-key --instance-id i-04a7be13f23a53f5f --serial-port 0 --ssh-public-key file://serialkey.pub --region us-east-1 158 | ssh -i serialkey.priv i-04a7be13f23a53f5f.port0@serial-console.ec2-instance-connect.us-east-1.aws 159 | ---Output: 160 | The first command will succeed in adding ssh pubkey for connection over serial console. 161 | The second command will show no login prompt from the instance. 162 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------