├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── LICENSE.tutorial ├── Makefile ├── README.md ├── data ├── font │ ├── Apache License.txt │ └── opensans.ttf └── texture │ └── walls.png ├── screenshot.png └── src └── main.cpp /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | bin/ 2 | *.o 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE.tutorial: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Lode Vandevenne 2 | 3 | All rights reserved. 4 | 5 | Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 6 | 7 | * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 8 | * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 9 | 10 | THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 11 | "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 12 | LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR 13 | A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR 14 | CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, 15 | EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 16 | PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR 17 | PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF 18 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING 19 | NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS 20 | SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | CXX = c++ 2 | CFLAGS += -std=c++11 3 | LDFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --libs sfml-all) 4 | 5 | SRC = $(wildcard src/*.cpp) 6 | HEADERS = $(wildcard src/*.h) 7 | OBJ = $(SRC:.cpp=.o) 8 | 9 | all: debug 10 | 11 | release: CFLAGS += -O2 12 | release: bin/release 13 | 14 | debug: CFLAGS += -g -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic 15 | debug: bin/debug 16 | 17 | bin/%: $(OBJ) 18 | @mkdir -p bin 19 | @echo " LD $@" 20 | @$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) 21 | 22 | $(OBJ): %.o: %.cpp $(HEADERS) 23 | @echo " C++ $@" 24 | @$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ -c $< 25 | 26 | clean: 27 | rm -rf $(OBJ) 28 | 29 | .PHONY: all clean 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # adventure3d 2 | Simple raycaster using SFML 3 | 4 | ![Screenshot](screenshot.png) 5 | 6 | Just 1 file (scr/main.cpp) with a novel approach to raycasting, sending line data to the GPU, using SFML. 7 | 8 | I based this on the raycasting tutorial at [lodev](http://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting.html) 9 | I was inspired after seeing [awk-raycaster](https://github.com/TheMozg/awk-raycaster) on the Github popular projects list. I thought if someone can make a raycaster in less than 700 lines of AWK code, I could do it with C++ and SFML. 10 | 11 | Released under GNU GPLv3, see also [LICENSE](LICENSE). Though some code is taken from the raycasting tutorial and copyright by Lode Vandevenne. Its license is in [LICENSE.tutorial](LICENSE.tutorial). I've improved and SFML-ified many parts, but the basic calculations often use the same code. 12 | 13 | The project uses the Open Sans font, which is under the [Apache license](data/font/Apache License.txt). 14 | 15 | Textures from the [SuperTuxKart](https://supertuxkart.net/) project, downloaded from [OpenGameArt](http://opengameart.org/content/supertuxkart-basic-sameless-texture-pack) and released under [CC-BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode) 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /data/font/Apache License.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /data/font/opensans.ttf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tmsbrg/adventure3d/a21d795a22537d68ca1c8dd02055f12112670033/data/font/opensans.ttf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /data/texture/walls.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tmsbrg/adventure3d/a21d795a22537d68ca1c8dd02055f12112670033/data/texture/walls.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /screenshot.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tmsbrg/adventure3d/a21d795a22537d68ca1c8dd02055f12112670033/screenshot.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Raycasting 3D adventure game, based on http://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting.html 2 | // Inspired by seeing https://github.com/TheMozg/awk-raycaster 3 | // 4 | // Copyright Thomas van der Berg, 2016, some parts taken from aforementioned tutorial copyrighted by its author 5 | // Licensed under GNU GPLv3 (see LICENSE), tutorial parts liberally licensed(see LICENSE.tutorial) 6 | 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | 13 | const int screenWidth = 1280; 14 | const int screenHeight = 720; 15 | 16 | const float cameraHeight = 0.66f; // height of player camera(1.0 is ceiling, 0.0 is floor) 17 | 18 | const int texture_size = 512; // size(width and height) of texture that will hold all wall textures 19 | const int texture_wall_size = 128; // size(width and height) of each wall type in the full texture 20 | 21 | const float fps_refresh_time = 0.1f; // time between FPS text refresh. FPS is smoothed out over this time 22 | 23 | // list of wall texture types, in order as they appear in the full texture 24 | enum class WallTexture { 25 | Smiley, 26 | Red, 27 | Bush, 28 | Sky, 29 | Pink, 30 | Wallpaper, 31 | Dirt, 32 | Exit, 33 | }; 34 | 35 | // valid wall types and their texture for the world map 36 | const std::unordered_map wallTypes { 37 | {'#', WallTexture::Pink}, 38 | {'=', WallTexture::Dirt}, 39 | {'M', WallTexture::Wallpaper}, 40 | {'N', WallTexture::Bush}, 41 | {'~', WallTexture::Sky}, 42 | {'!', WallTexture::Red}, 43 | {'@', WallTexture::Smiley}, 44 | {'^', WallTexture::Exit}, 45 | }; 46 | 47 | // size of the top-down world map in tiles 48 | const int mapWidth = 24; 49 | const int mapHeight = 24; 50 | 51 | // top-down view of world map 52 | const char worldMap[] = 53 | "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MMM@MMMM" 54 | "~..............=M......M" 55 | "~..............=M......M" 56 | "~..............=@......@" 57 | "~..............=M......M" 58 | "~....N......N..........M" 59 | "~..............=MMM@MM.M" 60 | "~..............======M.M" 61 | "~..............=MMMMMM.M" 62 | "~..............=M......M" 63 | "~...N....N.....=M..N..M#" 64 | "~.....................M#" 65 | "~..............=M..N..M#" 66 | "~..............=M.....M#" 67 | "~...........N..=MMMMM.M#" 68 | "~..............======.=#" 69 | "#.!!!!!!.!!!!!!........#" 70 | "#.!....!.!..........=..#" 71 | "#.!.N..!.!..==..=...=..#" 72 | "#...........==..==..=..#" 73 | "#.!!!!!!.!..==.........#" 74 | "#.######.#..==....=....#" 75 | "N......................^" 76 | "########################"; 77 | 78 | // get a tile from worldMap. Not memory safe. 79 | char getTile(int x, int y) { 80 | return worldMap[y * mapWidth + x]; 81 | } 82 | 83 | // checks worldMap for errors 84 | // returns: true on success, false on errors found 85 | bool mapCheck() { 86 | // check size 87 | int mapSize = sizeof(worldMap) - 1; // - 1 because sizeof also counts the final NULL character 88 | if (mapSize != mapWidth * mapHeight) { 89 | fprintf(stderr, "Map size(%d) is not mapWidth * mapHeight(%d)\n", mapSize, mapWidth * mapHeight); 90 | return false; 91 | } 92 | 93 | for (int y = 0; y < mapHeight; ++y) { 94 | for (int x = 0; x < mapWidth; ++x) { 95 | char tile = getTile(x, y); 96 | // check if tile type is valid 97 | if (tile != '.' && wallTypes.find(tile) == wallTypes.end()) { 98 | fprintf(stderr, "map tile at [%3d,%3d] has an unknown tile type(%c)\n", x, y, tile); 99 | return false; 100 | } 101 | // check if edges are walls 102 | if ((y == 0 || x == 0 || y == mapHeight - 1 || x == mapWidth - 1) && 103 | tile == '.') { 104 | fprintf(stderr, "map edge at [%3d,%3d] is a floor (should be wall)\n", x, y); 105 | return false; 106 | } 107 | } 108 | } 109 | return true; 110 | } 111 | 112 | // check if a rectangular thing with given size can move to given position without colliding with walls or 113 | // being outside of the map 114 | // position is considered the middle of the rectangle 115 | bool canMove(sf::Vector2f position, sf::Vector2f size) { 116 | // create the corners of the rectangle 117 | sf::Vector2i upper_left(position - size / 2.0f); 118 | sf::Vector2i lower_right(position + size / 2.0f); 119 | if (upper_left.x < 0 || upper_left.y < 0 || lower_right.x >= mapWidth || lower_right.y >= mapHeight) { 120 | return false; // out of map bounds 121 | } 122 | // loop through each map tile within the rectangle. The rectangle could be multiple tiles in size! 123 | for (int y = upper_left.y; y <= lower_right.y; ++y) { 124 | for (int x = upper_left.x; x <= lower_right.x; ++x) { 125 | if (getTile(x, y) != '.') { 126 | return false; 127 | } 128 | } 129 | } 130 | return true; 131 | } 132 | 133 | // rotate a given vector with given float value in radians and return the result 134 | // see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix#In_two_dimensions 135 | sf::Vector2f rotateVec(sf::Vector2f vec, float value) { 136 | return sf::Vector2f( 137 | vec.x * std::cos(value) - vec.y * std::sin(value), 138 | vec.x * std::sin(value) + vec.y * std::cos(value) 139 | ); 140 | } 141 | 142 | int main() { 143 | 144 | // if the map is not correct, we can have segmentation faults. So check it. 145 | if (!mapCheck()) { 146 | fprintf(stderr, "Map is invalid!\n"); 147 | return EXIT_FAILURE; 148 | } 149 | 150 | sf::Font font; 151 | if (!font.loadFromFile("data/font/opensans.ttf")) { 152 | fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open font!\n"); 153 | return EXIT_FAILURE; 154 | } 155 | 156 | sf::Texture texture; 157 | if (!texture.loadFromFile("data/texture/walls.png")) { 158 | fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open texture!\n"); 159 | return EXIT_FAILURE; 160 | } 161 | 162 | // render state that uses the texture 163 | sf::RenderStates state(&texture); 164 | 165 | // player 166 | sf::Vector2f position(2.5f, 2.0f); // coordinates in worldMap 167 | sf::Vector2f direction(0.0f, 1.0f); // direction, relative to (0,0) 168 | sf::Vector2f plane(-0.66f, 0.0f); // 2d raycaster version of the camera plane, 169 | // must be perpendicular to rotation 170 | float size_f = 0.375f; // dimensions of player collision box, in tiles 171 | float moveSpeed = 5.0f; // player movement speed in tiles per second 172 | float rotateSpeed = 3.0f; // player rotation speed in radians per second 173 | 174 | sf::Vector2f size(size_f, size_f); // player collision box width and height, derived from size_f 175 | 176 | // create window 177 | sf::RenderWindow window(sf::VideoMode(screenWidth + 1, screenHeight), "Adventure 3D"); 178 | window.setSize(sf::Vector2u(screenWidth, screenHeight)); // why add +1 and then set the size correctly? 179 | // Fixes some problem with the viewport. If you 180 | // don't do it, you'll see lots of gaps. Maybe 181 | // there's a better fix. 182 | 183 | window.setFramerateLimit(60); 184 | bool hasFocus = true; 185 | 186 | // lines used to draw walls and floors on the screen 187 | sf::VertexArray lines(sf::Lines, 18 * screenWidth); 188 | 189 | sf::Text fpsText("", font, 50); // text object for FPS counter 190 | sf::Clock clock; // timer 191 | char frameInfoString[sizeof("FPS: *****.*, Frame time: ******")]; // string buffer for frame information 192 | 193 | float dt_counter = 0.0f; // delta time for multiple frames, for calculating FPS smoothly 194 | int frame_counter = 0; // counts frames for FPS calculation 195 | int64_t frame_time_micro = 0; // time needed to draw frames in microseconds 196 | 197 | while (window.isOpen()) { 198 | // get delta time 199 | float dt = clock.restart().asSeconds(); 200 | 201 | // Update FPS, smoothed over time 202 | if (dt_counter >= fps_refresh_time) { 203 | float fps = (float)frame_counter / dt_counter; 204 | frame_time_micro /= frame_counter; 205 | snprintf(frameInfoString, sizeof(frameInfoString), "FPS: %3.1f, Frame time: %6ld", fps, frame_time_micro); 206 | fpsText.setString(frameInfoString); 207 | dt_counter = 0.0f; 208 | frame_counter = 0; 209 | frame_time_micro = 0; 210 | } 211 | dt_counter += dt; 212 | ++frame_counter; 213 | 214 | // handle SFML events 215 | sf::Event event; 216 | while (window.pollEvent(event)) { 217 | switch(event.type) { 218 | case sf::Event::Closed: 219 | window.close(); 220 | break; 221 | case sf::Event::LostFocus: 222 | hasFocus = false; 223 | break; 224 | case sf::Event::GainedFocus: 225 | hasFocus = true; 226 | break; 227 | default: 228 | break; 229 | } 230 | } 231 | 232 | // handle keyboard input 233 | if (hasFocus) { 234 | using kb = sf::Keyboard; 235 | 236 | // moving forward or backwards (1.0 or -1.0) 237 | float moveForward = 0.0f; 238 | 239 | // get input 240 | if (kb::isKeyPressed(kb::Up)) { 241 | moveForward = 1.0f; 242 | } else if (kb::isKeyPressed(kb::Down)) { 243 | moveForward = -1.0f; 244 | } 245 | 246 | // handle movement 247 | if (moveForward != 0.0f) { 248 | sf::Vector2f moveVec = direction * moveSpeed * moveForward * dt; 249 | 250 | if (canMove(sf::Vector2f(position.x + moveVec.x, position.y), size)) { 251 | position.x += moveVec.x; 252 | } 253 | if (canMove(sf::Vector2f(position.x, position.y + moveVec.y), size)) { 254 | position.y += moveVec.y; 255 | } 256 | } 257 | 258 | // rotating rightwards or leftwards(1.0 or -1.0) 259 | float rotateDirection = 0.0f; 260 | 261 | // get input 262 | if (kb::isKeyPressed(kb::Left)) { 263 | rotateDirection = -1.0f; 264 | } else if (kb::isKeyPressed(kb::Right)) { 265 | rotateDirection = 1.0f; 266 | } 267 | 268 | // handle rotation 269 | if (rotateDirection != 0.0f) { 270 | float rotation = rotateSpeed * rotateDirection * dt; 271 | direction = rotateVec(direction, rotation); 272 | plane = rotateVec(plane, rotation); 273 | } 274 | } 275 | 276 | lines.resize(0); 277 | 278 | // loop through vertical screen lines, draw a line of wall for each 279 | for (int x = 0; x < screenWidth; ++x) { 280 | 281 | // ray to emit 282 | float cameraX = 2 * x / (float)screenWidth - 1.0f; // x in camera space (between -1 and +1) 283 | sf::Vector2f rayPos = position; 284 | sf::Vector2f rayDir = direction + plane * cameraX; 285 | 286 | // NOTE: with floats, division by zero gives you the "infinity" value. This code depends on this. 287 | 288 | // calculate distance traversed between each grid line for x and y based on direction 289 | sf::Vector2f deltaDist( 290 | sqrt(1.0f + (rayDir.y * rayDir.y) / (rayDir.x * rayDir.x)), 291 | sqrt(1.0f + (rayDir.x * rayDir.x) / (rayDir.y * rayDir.y)) 292 | ); 293 | 294 | sf::Vector2i mapPos(rayPos); // which box of the map we're in 295 | 296 | sf::Vector2i step; // what direction to step in (+1 or -1 for each dimension) 297 | sf::Vector2f sideDist; // distance from current position to next gridline, for x and y separately 298 | 299 | // calculate step and initial sideDist 300 | if (rayDir.x < 0.0f) { 301 | step.x = -1; 302 | sideDist.x = (rayPos.x - mapPos.x) * deltaDist.x; 303 | } else { 304 | step.x = 1; 305 | sideDist.x = (mapPos.x + 1.0f - rayPos.x) * deltaDist.x; 306 | } 307 | if (rayDir.y < 0.0f) { 308 | step.y = -1; 309 | sideDist.y = (rayPos.y - mapPos.y) * deltaDist.y; 310 | } else { 311 | step.y = 1; 312 | sideDist.y = (mapPos.y + 1.0f - rayPos.y) * deltaDist.y; 313 | } 314 | 315 | char tile = '.'; // tile type that got hit 316 | bool horizontal; // did we hit a horizontal side? Otherwise it's vertical 317 | 318 | float perpWallDist = 0.0f; // wall distance, projected on camera direction 319 | int wallHeight; // height of wall to draw on the screen at each distance 320 | int ceilingPixel = 0; // position of ceiling pixel on the screen 321 | int groundPixel = screenHeight; // position of ground pixel on the screen 322 | 323 | // colors for floor tiles 324 | sf::Color color1 = sf::Color::Green; 325 | sf::Color color2 = sf::Color::Cyan; 326 | 327 | // current floor color 328 | sf::Color color = ((mapPos.x % 2 == 0 && mapPos.y % 2 == 0) || 329 | (mapPos.x % 2 == 1 && mapPos.y % 2 == 1)) ? color1 : color2; 330 | 331 | // cast the ray until we hit a wall, meanwhile draw floors 332 | while (tile == '.') { 333 | if (sideDist.x < sideDist.y) { 334 | sideDist.x += deltaDist.x; 335 | mapPos.x += step.x; 336 | horizontal = true; 337 | perpWallDist = (mapPos.x - rayPos.x + (1 - step.x) / 2) / rayDir.x; 338 | } else { 339 | sideDist.y += deltaDist.y; 340 | mapPos.y += step.y; 341 | horizontal = false; 342 | perpWallDist = (mapPos.y - rayPos.y + (1 - step.y) / 2) / rayDir.y; 343 | } 344 | 345 | wallHeight = screenHeight / perpWallDist; 346 | 347 | // add floor 348 | 349 | lines.append(sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)groundPixel), color, sf::Vector2f(385.0f, 129.0f))); 350 | groundPixel = int(wallHeight * cameraHeight + screenHeight * 0.5f); 351 | lines.append(sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)groundPixel), color, sf::Vector2f(385.0f, 129.0f))); 352 | 353 | // add ceiling 354 | 355 | sf::Color color_c = color; 356 | color_c.r /= 2; 357 | color_c.g /= 2; 358 | color_c.b /= 2; 359 | 360 | lines.append(sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)ceilingPixel), color_c, sf::Vector2f(385.0f, 129.0f))); 361 | ceilingPixel = int(-wallHeight * (1.0f - cameraHeight) + screenHeight * 0.5f); 362 | lines.append(sf::Vertex(sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)ceilingPixel), color_c, sf::Vector2f(385.0f, 129.0f))); 363 | 364 | // change color and find tile type 365 | 366 | color = (color == color1) ? color2 : color1; 367 | 368 | tile = getTile(mapPos.x, mapPos.y); 369 | } 370 | 371 | // calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current line 372 | int drawStart = ceilingPixel; 373 | int drawEnd = groundPixel; 374 | 375 | // get position of the wall texture in the full texture 376 | int wallTextureNum = (int)wallTypes.find(tile)->second; 377 | sf::Vector2i texture_coords( 378 | wallTextureNum * texture_wall_size % texture_size, 379 | wallTextureNum * texture_wall_size / texture_size * texture_wall_size 380 | ); 381 | 382 | // calculate where the wall was hit 383 | float wall_x; 384 | if (horizontal) { 385 | wall_x = rayPos.y + perpWallDist * rayDir.y; 386 | } else { 387 | wall_x = rayPos.x + perpWallDist * rayDir.x; 388 | } 389 | wall_x -= floor(wall_x); 390 | 391 | // get x coordinate on the wall texture 392 | int tex_x = int(wall_x * float(texture_wall_size)); 393 | 394 | // flip texture if we see it on the other side of us, this prevents a mirrored effect for the texture 395 | if ((horizontal && rayDir.x <= 0) || (!horizontal && rayDir.y >= 0)) { 396 | tex_x = texture_wall_size - tex_x - 1; 397 | } 398 | 399 | texture_coords.x += tex_x; 400 | 401 | // illusion of shadows by making horizontal walls darker 402 | color = sf::Color::White; 403 | if (horizontal) { 404 | color.r /= 2; 405 | color.g /= 2; 406 | color.b /= 2; 407 | } 408 | 409 | // add line to vertex buffer 410 | lines.append(sf::Vertex( 411 | sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)drawStart), 412 | color, 413 | sf::Vector2f((float)texture_coords.x, (float)texture_coords.y + 1) 414 | )); 415 | lines.append(sf::Vertex( 416 | sf::Vector2f((float)x, (float)drawEnd), 417 | color, 418 | sf::Vector2f((float)texture_coords.x, (float)(texture_coords.y + texture_wall_size - 1)) 419 | )); 420 | } 421 | 422 | window.clear(); 423 | window.draw(lines, state); 424 | window.draw(fpsText); 425 | frame_time_micro += clock.getElapsedTime().asMicroseconds(); 426 | window.display(); 427 | } 428 | 429 | return EXIT_SUCCESS; 430 | } 431 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------