├── project └── build.properties ├── .gitignore ├── src └── main │ ├── java │ └── demo │ │ ├── JavaGenerics.java │ │ ├── JavaStatics.java │ │ ├── JavaZeroArityMethods.java │ │ ├── JavaBean.java │ │ ├── JavaInterface.java │ │ ├── JavaClass.java │ │ ├── JavaInnerClasses.java │ │ ├── JavaAccess.java │ │ ├── JavaCompanionlessTraitWithImpls.java │ │ └── UsingScala.java │ └── scala │ └── demo │ ├── scala-from-java.scala │ └── java-from-scala.scala ├── README.md ├── sbt └── LICENSE /project/build.properties: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | sbt.version=0.13.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | target/ 2 | .idea/ 3 | .idea_modules/ 4 | .DS_STORE 5 | .cache 6 | .settings 7 | .project 8 | .classpath 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaGenerics.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public interface JavaGenerics { 4 | public T getJavaClass(); 5 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaStatics.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public class JavaStatics { 4 | public static String staticFoo = "foo"; 5 | public String instanceFoo = staticFoo; 6 | } 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaZeroArityMethods.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public abstract class JavaZeroArityMethods { 4 | public abstract int foo(); 5 | public abstract int bar(); 6 | } 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaBean.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public interface JavaBean { 4 | public String getName(); 5 | public void setName(String name); 6 | 7 | public int getAge(); 8 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaInterface.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public interface JavaInterface { 4 | public void foo(int x, String... strings); 5 | 6 | public String forSome(int a); 7 | } 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaClass.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | import java.util.List; 4 | 5 | public abstract class JavaClass { 6 | public abstract List someStrings(); 7 | protected abstract List someStuff(); 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaInnerClasses.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public abstract class JavaInnerClasses { 4 | protected static class InsideThingy { 5 | String foo() { 6 | return "whatever"; 7 | } 8 | } 9 | 10 | protected abstract InsideThingy getThingy(); 11 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaAccess.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public abstract class JavaAccess { 4 | abstract String secretString(); 5 | protected abstract String lessSecretString(); 6 | public abstract String nonsecretString(); 7 | } 8 | 9 | class JavaAccessImpl extends JavaAccess { 10 | public String secretString() { 11 | return "foo"; 12 | } 13 | 14 | public String lessSecretString() { 15 | return "bar"; 16 | } 17 | 18 | public String nonsecretString() { 19 | return "baz"; 20 | } 21 | } 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Scala-Java Interoperability 2 | --------------------------- 3 | 4 | A small example project demonstrating some of the challenges of using 5 | Scala libraries from Java (and Java from Scala). 6 | 7 | License 8 | ------- 9 | 10 | Licensed under the **[Apache License, Version 2.0](http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)** (the "License"); 11 | you may not use this software except in compliance with the License. 12 | 13 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 14 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 15 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 16 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 17 | limitations under the License. 18 | 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/JavaCompanionlessTraitWithImpls.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | public class JavaCompanionlessTraitWithImpls 4 | implements CompanionlessTraitWithImpls { 5 | 6 | /** 7 | * We have to call the trait's initializer in our constructor. 8 | */ 9 | public JavaCompanionlessTraitWithImpls() { 10 | CompanionlessTraitWithImpls$class.$init$(this); 11 | } 12 | 13 | /** 14 | * We have to provide an implementation even though it's implemented in the 15 | * trait. 16 | */ 17 | public String bar() { 18 | /** 19 | * If we want consistency with the trait, we have to call the appropriate 20 | * static method on the "...$class" class. 21 | */ 22 | return CompanionlessTraitWithImpls$class.bar(this); 23 | } 24 | 25 | public String baz() { 26 | return "baz"; 27 | } 28 | } 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sbt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/bin/bash 2 | 3 | sbtver=0.13.8 4 | sbtjar=sbt-launch.jar 5 | sbtsha128=57d0f04f4b48b11ef7e764f4cea58dee4e806ffd 6 | 7 | sbtrepo=http://repo.typesafe.com/typesafe/ivy-releases/org.scala-sbt/sbt-launch 8 | 9 | if [ ! -f $sbtjar ]; then 10 | echo "downloading $sbtjar" 1>&2 11 | if ! curl --location --silent --fail --remote-name $sbtrepo/$sbtver/$sbtjar; then 12 | exit 1 13 | fi 14 | fi 15 | 16 | checksum=`openssl dgst -sha1 $sbtjar | awk '{ print $2 }'` 17 | if [ "$checksum" != $sbtsha128 ]; then 18 | echo "bad $sbtjar. delete $sbtjar and run $0 again." 19 | exit 1 20 | fi 21 | 22 | [ -f ~/.sbtconfig ] && . ~/.sbtconfig 23 | 24 | java -ea \ 25 | $SBT_OPTS \ 26 | $JAVA_OPTS \ 27 | -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true \ 28 | -XX:+AggressiveOpts \ 29 | -XX:+UseParNewGC \ 30 | -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \ 31 | -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled \ 32 | -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \ 33 | -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=128m \ 34 | -XX:MaxPermSize=1024m \ 35 | -XX:SurvivorRatio=128 \ 36 | -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=0 \ 37 | -Xss8M \ 38 | -Xms512M \ 39 | -Xmx2G \ 40 | -server \ 41 | -jar $sbtjar "$@" 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/scala/demo/scala-from-java.scala: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo 2 | 3 | trait CompanionlessTrait { 4 | def foo: String 5 | } 6 | 7 | trait CompanionlessTraitWithImpls { 8 | println("We're in the CompanionlessTraitWithImpls constructor!") 9 | def bar: String = "bar" 10 | def baz: String 11 | } 12 | 13 | trait CompanionedTrait { 14 | def foo: String 15 | def qux: String = "qux" 16 | } 17 | 18 | object CompanionedTrait { 19 | def someInt: Int = 12345 20 | } 21 | 22 | object CompanionlessObject { 23 | def someString: String = "nothing" 24 | } 25 | 26 | object ObjectAsInstance extends CompanionedTrait { 27 | def foo: String = "foo" 28 | } 29 | 30 | abstract class CompanionedClass { 31 | def foo: String 32 | def qux: String = "qux" 33 | } 34 | 35 | object CompanionedClass { 36 | def someInt: Int = 12345 37 | } 38 | 39 | object DefaultArguments { 40 | def multiplyString(n: Int, s: String = "s"): String = s * n 41 | } 42 | 43 | /** 44 | * We can create Java-friendly overloads for vararg methods with the @varargs 45 | * annotation. 46 | */ 47 | object ScalaJavaVarargs { 48 | @scala.annotation.varargs 49 | def countStrings(strings: String*) = strings.size 50 | } 51 | 52 | /** 53 | * Java doesn't support multiple parameter sections, so what does this compile 54 | * to? 55 | */ 56 | object MultiVarargs { 57 | @scala.annotation.varargs 58 | def countStrings(strings: String*)(xs: Int*) = strings.size 59 | } 60 | 61 | object MultipleParamSections { 62 | def multiplyString(n: Int)(s: String): String = s * n 63 | } 64 | 65 | class Animal 66 | class Dog extends Animal 67 | 68 | class CovariantClass[+A] 69 | class ContravariantClass[-A] 70 | 71 | object OutOfLuck { 72 | def const = "Can't use from Java" 73 | } 74 | 75 | object ImplicitClasses { 76 | /** 77 | * Allows us to write `1.times(println("foo"))` with no runtime overhead. 78 | */ 79 | implicit class RichInt(val i: Int) extends AnyVal { 80 | def times(f: => Unit) = (1 to i).foreach(_ => f) 81 | } 82 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/scala/demo/java-from-scala.scala: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo 2 | 3 | /** 4 | * It's common to rename Java classes in imports for convenience. 5 | */ 6 | import java.util.{List => jList} 7 | 8 | /** 9 | * Support for easy Java getter and setter definition. 10 | */ 11 | import scala.beans.BeanProperty 12 | 13 | /** 14 | * Note that we prefer `JavaConverters` over `JavaConversions` when working from 15 | * Scala. 16 | */ 17 | import scala.collection.JavaConverters._ 18 | 19 | /** 20 | * Note that we use "extends" even though we're implementing an interface. 21 | */ 22 | class ScalaJavaInterface1 extends JavaInterface { 23 | /** 24 | * Be very careful about semicolon inference when porting Java code. 25 | */ 26 | val sum = 10 27 | + 20 28 | + 30 29 | 30 | /** 31 | * Syntax is different for varargs, but otherwise it works just fine. 32 | */ 33 | def foo(x: Int, strings: String*): Unit = { 34 | strings.foreach(println) 35 | } 36 | 37 | /** 38 | * Scala has keywords that Java doesn't, but you can escape them with 39 | * backticks. 40 | */ 41 | def `forSome`(a: Int): String = "foo" 42 | } 43 | 44 | class ScalaJavaAccess1 extends JavaAccess { 45 | /** 46 | * Package scoped access is *like* Java's default. 47 | */ 48 | private[demo] def secretString = "foo" 49 | 50 | protected def lessSecretString = "bar" 51 | 52 | /** 53 | * Public is the Scala default. 54 | */ 55 | def nonsecretString = "qux" 56 | } 57 | 58 | class ScalaJavaAccess2 extends JavaAccess { 59 | def secretString = "oof" 60 | def lessSecretString = "rab" 61 | 62 | /** 63 | * We can restrict Java access modifiers. 64 | */ 65 | protected def nonsecretString = "xuq" 66 | } 67 | 68 | abstract class ScalaAccess { 69 | def nonsecretInt: Int 70 | } 71 | 72 | class ScalaAccessImpl extends ScalaAccess { 73 | /** 74 | * This does not compile; can't restrict Scala access modifier. 75 | */ 76 | //protected def nonsecretInt: Int = 10 77 | def nonsecretInt: Int = 10 78 | } 79 | 80 | class ScalaPrivate { 81 | private[this] val x = 10 82 | private val y: Int = 1000 83 | } 84 | 85 | class ScalaFinal { 86 | val x = 1234 87 | final val y: Int = 123456 88 | final val z = 12345 89 | 90 | def getX = x 91 | def getY = y 92 | def getZ = z 93 | } 94 | 95 | class ScalaJavaClass1 extends JavaClass { 96 | /** 97 | * We can implement a method with a val. 98 | */ 99 | val someStrings: jList[String] = Seq("foo", "bar").asJava 100 | 101 | /** 102 | * Scala doesn't have raw generic types, so we use an existential type. 103 | */ 104 | protected def someStuff: jList[_] = Seq("foo", "bar").asJava 105 | } 106 | 107 | 108 | /** 109 | * Note that we can extend a Java class with a trait. 110 | */ 111 | trait ScalaJavaClass2 extends JavaClass { 112 | protected def someStuff: jList[_] = Nil.asJava 113 | } 114 | 115 | /** 116 | * Static field and methods aren't in scope automatically. 117 | */ 118 | class ScalaJavaStatics1 extends JavaStatics { 119 | def scalaInstanceFoo = JavaStatics.staticFoo 120 | } 121 | 122 | /** 123 | * Not even for Scala objects. 124 | */ 125 | object ScalaJavaStatics2 extends JavaStatics { 126 | def scalaObjectFoo = JavaStatics.staticFoo 127 | } 128 | 129 | /** 130 | * Partial implementation. 131 | */ 132 | trait ScalaJavaInterface2 extends JavaInterface { 133 | def foo(x: Int, strings: String*): Unit = { 134 | strings.foreach(println) 135 | } 136 | } 137 | 138 | /** 139 | * Getters and setter will be defined automatically (in addition to the Scala 140 | * ones). 141 | */ 142 | class ScalaJavaBean1( 143 | @BeanProperty var name: String, 144 | @BeanProperty val age: Int 145 | ) extends JavaBean 146 | 147 | /** 148 | * We can extend a generic type with an upper bound. 149 | */ 150 | class ScalaJavaGenerics1 extends JavaGenerics[ScalaJavaClass1] { 151 | def getJavaClass = new ScalaJavaClass1 152 | } 153 | 154 | /** 155 | * This was broken in Scala for a long time, but now it works. 156 | */ 157 | class ScalaJavaInnerClasses1 extends JavaInnerClasses { 158 | import JavaInnerClasses.InsideThingy 159 | 160 | protected def getThingy: InsideThingy = new InsideThingy(); 161 | } 162 | 163 | /** 164 | * You can implement a zero-arity Java method either with or without 165 | * parentheses. 166 | */ 167 | class ScalaJavaZeroArityMethods extends JavaZeroArityMethods { 168 | def foo: Int = 1 169 | def bar(): Int = 2 170 | } 171 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/main/java/demo/UsingScala.java: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package demo; 2 | 3 | import com.twitter.util.Function; 4 | import scala.collection.JavaConversions; 5 | import scala.collection.Seq; 6 | import scala.collection.Traversable; 7 | 8 | public class UsingScala { 9 | /** 10 | * For Scala objects without companions, referring to members is easy. 11 | */ 12 | String someString = CompanionlessObject.someString(); 13 | 14 | /** 15 | * Scala objects with class companions are the same. 16 | */ 17 | int someInt1 = CompanionedClass.someInt(); 18 | 19 | /** 20 | * Scala objects with trait companions aren't. 21 | */ 22 | int someInt2 = CompanionedTrait$.MODULE$.someInt(); 23 | 24 | /** 25 | * We can't directly refer to a Scala object. 26 | */ 27 | CompanionedTrait ct = ObjectAsInstance$.MODULE$; 28 | 29 | /** 30 | * Methods with default arguments in Scala require all arguments to be 31 | * provided explicitly. 32 | */ 33 | String twice = DefaultArguments.multiplyString(2, "s"); 34 | 35 | /** 36 | * If we want the default, we have to rely on an undocumented synthetic 37 | * method (don't do this). 38 | */ 39 | String twiceWithDefault = DefaultArguments.multiplyString( 40 | 2, 41 | DefaultArguments.multiplyString$default$2() 42 | ); 43 | 44 | /** 45 | * Varargs work with the appropriate annotation on the Scala side. 46 | */ 47 | int howManyStrings = ScalaJavaVarargs.countStrings("a", "b", "c"); 48 | 49 | /** 50 | * Multiple parameter sections in Scala are combined in Java. 51 | */ 52 | String thrice = MultipleParamSections.multiplyString(3, "s"); 53 | 54 | /** 55 | * In Scala this would be `"foo" :: Nil`, but we have to mangle the operator 56 | * name. Also note that we can't use the `scala.List` type alias. 57 | */ 58 | scala.collection.immutable.List stringList = 59 | scala.collection.immutable.Nil.$colon$colon("foo"); 60 | 61 | /** 62 | * Ugh, implicits. In Scala this would be `strings.flatten`. 63 | */ 64 | public static scala.collection.GenTraversableOnce flattenSeq(Seq> strings) { 65 | return strings.flatten( 66 | scala.Predef.>conforms().andThen( 67 | new Function< 68 | Seq, 69 | scala.collection.GenTraversableOnce 70 | >() { 71 | public scala.collection.GenTraversableOnce apply(Seq seq) { 72 | return seq; 73 | } 74 | } 75 | ) 76 | ); 77 | } 78 | 79 | /** 80 | * Java can't tell that `String => List[String]` is a subtype of 81 | * `String => Seq[String]`. 82 | */ 83 | scala.Function1> fromListFunc( 84 | scala.Function1> values 85 | ) { 86 | //return values; 87 | return null; 88 | } 89 | 90 | /** 91 | * More generally, Java just doesn't get contravariance. 92 | */ 93 | ContravariantClass fromAnimal(ContravariantClass cca) { 94 | return null; 95 | //return cca; 96 | } 97 | 98 | /** 99 | * Or covariance. 100 | */ 101 | CovariantClass fromDog(CovariantClass ccd) { 102 | return null; 103 | //return ccd; 104 | } 105 | 106 | /** 107 | * This doesn't work! 108 | */ 109 | /*public Traversable moreThanThreeChars(Seq xs) { 110 | return xs.filter( 111 | new com.twitter.util.Function() { 112 | public scala.Boolean apply(String x) { 113 | return scala.Predef.Boolean2boolean(x.length() > 3); 114 | } 115 | } 116 | ); 117 | }*/ 118 | 119 | /** 120 | * Instead we have to use `Object` for the primitive. 121 | */ 122 | public static Traversable moreThanThreeChars(Seq xs) { 123 | return xs.filter( 124 | new com.twitter.util.Function() { 125 | public Object apply(String x) { 126 | return x.length() > 3; 127 | } 128 | } 129 | ); 130 | } 131 | 132 | /** 133 | * Converting from Scala to Java. 134 | */ 135 | java.util.List fromScalaList(Seq strings) { 136 | return JavaConversions.seqAsJavaList(strings); 137 | } 138 | 139 | /** 140 | * Converting from Java to a Scala mutable collection. 141 | */ 142 | scala.collection.mutable.Buffer toScalaBuffer(java.util.List strings) { 143 | return JavaConversions.asScalaBuffer(strings); 144 | } 145 | 146 | /** 147 | * Converting from Java to a Scala immutable collection. 148 | */ 149 | Seq toScalaImmutableSeq(java.util.List strings) { 150 | return com.twitter.util.javainterop.Scala.asImmutableSeq(strings); 151 | } 152 | 153 | /** 154 | * Yay! 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