├── .gitignore
├── README.md
├── Cargo.toml
├── LICENSE
├── src
    └── main.rs
└── Cargo.lock


/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | /target
2 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # container-networking
 2 | 
 3 | This is a proof of concept for setting up networking for a container.
 4 | 
 5 | ## Usage
 6 | 
 7 | > [!WARNING]
 8 | > Running this requires root privileges and may be destructive.
 9 | 
10 | ```bash
11 | cargo build --release
12 | sudo ./target/release/networking-test
13 | ```
14 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Cargo.toml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | [package]
 2 | name = "container-networking"
 3 | version = "0.1.0"
 4 | edition = "2021"
 5 | 
 6 | [dependencies]
 7 | anyhow = "1.0.89"
 8 | futures = "0.3.31"
 9 | ipnetwork = "0.20.0"
10 | mnl = "0.2.2"
11 | nftnl = "0.7.0"
12 | nix = { version = "0.29.0", features = ["sched"] }
13 | rtnetlink = "0.14.1"
14 | tokio = { version = "1.40.0", features = ["full"] }
15 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | MIT License
 2 | 
 3 | Copyright (c) 2024 David Mo
 4 | 
 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
11 | 
12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software.
14 | 
15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
21 | SOFTWARE.
22 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/main.rs:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | use std::{ffi::CString, net::Ipv4Addr, os::fd::AsRawFd};
  2 | 
  3 | use anyhow::{bail, Result};
  4 | use futures::TryStreamExt;
  5 | use ipnetwork::{IpNetwork, Ipv4Network};
  6 | use nftnl::{nft_expr, ChainType, Hook, MsgType, ProtoFamily};
  7 | use nix::{
  8 |     libc,
  9 |     sched::{setns, CloneFlags},
 10 | };
 11 | use rtnetlink::NetworkNamespace;
 12 | use tokio::fs::File;
 13 | 
 14 | const PREFIX_LENGTH: u8 = 16;
 15 | 
 16 | #[tokio::main]
 17 | async fn main() -> Result<()> {
 18 |     let (connection, handle, _) = rtnetlink::new_connection()?;
 19 |     tokio::spawn(connection);
 20 | 
 21 |     let bridge_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(172, 18, 0, 1);
 22 |     let bridge_net = IpNetwork::V4(Ipv4Network::new(bridge_ip, PREFIX_LENGTH)?);
 23 |     let bridge_idx = create_bridge(&handle, "br0", &bridge_net).await?;
 24 |     let (veth_idx, ceth_idx) = create_veth_pair(&handle, "veth0", "ceth0").await?;
 25 |     handle
 26 |         .link()
 27 |         .set(veth_idx)
 28 |         .controller(bridge_idx)
 29 |         .execute()
 30 |         .await?;
 31 | 
 32 |     let ns_file = create_namespace("netns0").await?;
 33 |     handle
 34 |         .link()
 35 |         .set(ceth_idx)
 36 |         .setns_by_fd(ns_file.as_raw_fd())
 37 |         .execute()
 38 |         .await?;
 39 | 
 40 |     let veth_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(172, 18, 0, 2);
 41 |     let veth_net = IpNetwork::V4(Ipv4Network::new(veth_ip, PREFIX_LENGTH)?);
 42 |     setup_veth_peer(&ns_file, "ceth0", &veth_net, bridge_ip).await?;
 43 | 
 44 |     let network_ip = Ipv4Addr::new(172, 18, 0, 0);
 45 |     let container_net = IpNetwork::V4(Ipv4Network::new(network_ip, PREFIX_LENGTH)?);
 46 |     create_nat(&container_net, "br0")?;
 47 | 
 48 |     Ok(())
 49 | }
 50 | 
 51 | /// Gets the index of a link by name.
 52 | async fn get_index(handle: &rtnetlink::Handle, name: &str) -> Result<u32> {
 53 |     let mut links = handle.link().get().match_name(name.to_string()).execute();
 54 |     if let Some(link) = links.try_next().await? {
 55 |         Ok(link.header.index)
 56 |     } else {
 57 |         bail!("Link {} not found", name);
 58 |     }
 59 | }
 60 | 
 61 | /// Creates a bridge. Equivalent to:
 62 | /// ```bash
 63 | /// ip link add NAME type bridge
 64 | /// ip addr add ADDRESS/PREFIX_LENGTH dev NAME
 65 | /// ip link set NAME up
 66 | /// ```
 67 | async fn create_bridge(handle: &rtnetlink::Handle, name: &str, network: &IpNetwork) -> Result<u32> {
 68 |     handle
 69 |         .link()
 70 |         .add()
 71 |         .bridge(name.to_string())
 72 |         .execute()
 73 |         .await?;
 74 |     let index = get_index(handle, name).await?;
 75 |     handle
 76 |         .address()
 77 |         .add(index, network.ip(), network.prefix())
 78 |         .execute()
 79 |         .await?;
 80 |     handle.link().set(index).up().execute().await?;
 81 |     Ok(index)
 82 | }
 83 | 
 84 | /// Creates a network namespace. Equivalent to:
 85 | /// ```bash
 86 | /// ip netns add NAME
 87 | /// ```
 88 | async fn create_namespace(name: &str) -> Result<std::fs::File> {
 89 |     NetworkNamespace::add(name.to_string()).await?;
 90 |     let ns_filename = format!("/var/run/netns/{}", name);
 91 |     let tokio_ns_file = File::open(&ns_filename).await?;
 92 |     let ns_file = tokio_ns_file.into_std().await;
 93 |     Ok(ns_file)
 94 | }
 95 | 
 96 | /// Creates a veth pair. Equivalent to:
 97 | /// ```bash
 98 | /// ip link add NAME type veth peer name PEER_NAME
 99 | /// ip link set NAME up
100 | /// ```
101 | async fn create_veth_pair(
102 |     handle: &rtnetlink::Handle,
103 |     name: &str,
104 |     peer_name: &str,
105 | ) -> Result<(u32, u32)> {
106 |     handle
107 |         .link()
108 |         .add()
109 |         .veth(name.to_string(), peer_name.to_string())
110 |         .execute()
111 |         .await?;
112 |     let veth_idx = get_index(handle, name).await?;
113 |     let ceth_idx = get_index(handle, peer_name).await?;
114 |     handle.link().set(veth_idx).up().execute().await?;
115 |     Ok((veth_idx, ceth_idx))
116 | }
117 | 
118 | /// Sets up the veth peer in the netns namespace. Equivalent to:
119 | /// ```bash
120 | /// nsenter --net=NS_FILE bash
121 | /// ip link set lo up
122 | /// ip link set PEER_NAME up
123 | /// ip addr add ADDRESS/PREFIX_LENGTH dev PEER_NAME
124 | /// ip route add default via BRIDGE_ADDRESS
125 | /// ```
126 | async fn setup_veth_peer(
127 |     ns_file: &std::fs::File,
128 |     peer_name: &str,
129 |     network: &IpNetwork,
130 |     bridge_address: Ipv4Addr,
131 | ) -> Result<()> {
132 |     let init_netns = File::open("/proc/1/ns/net").await?;
133 |     setns(ns_file, CloneFlags::CLONE_NEWNET)?;
134 |     let (connection, handle, _) = rtnetlink::new_connection()?;
135 |     tokio::spawn(connection);
136 |     setns(init_netns, CloneFlags::CLONE_NEWNET)?;
137 |     let lo_idx = get_index(&handle, "lo").await?;
138 |     handle.link().set(lo_idx).up().execute().await?;
139 |     let ceth_idx = get_index(&handle, peer_name).await?;
140 |     handle.link().set(ceth_idx).up().execute().await?;
141 |     handle
142 |         .address()
143 |         .add(ceth_idx, network.ip(), network.prefix())
144 |         .execute()
145 |         .await?;
146 |     handle
147 |         .route()
148 |         .add()
149 |         .v4()
150 |         .destination_prefix(Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, 0)
151 |         .gateway(bridge_address)
152 |         .execute()
153 |         .await?;
154 |     Ok(())
155 | }
156 | 
157 | /// Creates a NAT table and chain for the given network.
158 | fn create_nat(network: &IpNetwork, bridge_device: &str) -> Result<()> {
159 |     let mut batch = nftnl::Batch::new();
160 |     let table = nftnl::Table::new(&CString::new("container-nat")?, ProtoFamily::Ipv4);
161 |     batch.add(&table, MsgType::Add);
162 | 
163 |     let mut chain = nftnl::Chain::new(&CString::new("postrouting-chain")?, &table);
164 |     chain.set_hook(Hook::PostRouting, libc::NF_IP_PRI_NAT_SRC);
165 |     chain.set_type(ChainType::Nat);
166 |     batch.add(&chain, MsgType::Add);
167 | 
168 |     let mut rule = nftnl::Rule::new(&chain);
169 |     // match on the packet's source address
170 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(payload ipv4 saddr));
171 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(bitwise mask network.mask(), xor 0));
172 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(cmp == network.ip()));
173 |     // match interface
174 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(meta oifname));
175 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(cmp != bridge_device));
176 |     //apply masquerade
177 |     rule.add_expr(&nft_expr!(masquerade));
178 |     batch.add(&rule, MsgType::Add);
179 | 
180 |     let finalized_batch = batch.finalize();
181 |     send_and_process(&finalized_batch)?;
182 |     Ok(())
183 | }
184 | 
185 | // Taken from https://github.com/mullvad/nftnl-rs/blob/main/nftnl/examples/add-rules.rs
186 | fn send_and_process(batch: &nftnl::FinalizedBatch) -> Result<()> {
187 |     // Create a netlink socket to netfilter.
188 |     let socket = mnl::Socket::new(mnl::Bus::Netfilter)?;
189 |     // Send all the bytes in the batch.
190 |     socket.send_all(batch)?;
191 | 
192 |     // Try to parse the messages coming back from netfilter. This part is still very unclear.
193 |     let portid = socket.portid();
194 |     let mut buffer = vec![0; nftnl::nft_nlmsg_maxsize() as usize];
195 |     let very_unclear_what_this_is_for = 2;
196 |     while let Some(message) = socket_recv(&socket, &mut buffer[..])? {
197 |         match mnl::cb_run(message, very_unclear_what_this_is_for, portid)? {
198 |             mnl::CbResult::Stop => {
199 |                 break;
200 |             }
201 |             mnl::CbResult::Ok => (),
202 |         }
203 |     }
204 |     Ok(())
205 | }
206 | 
207 | // Taken from https://github.com/mullvad/nftnl-rs/blob/main/nftnl/examples/add-rules.rs
208 | fn socket_recv<'a>(socket: &mnl::Socket, buf: &'a mut [u8]) -> Result<Option<&'a [u8]>> {
209 |     let ret = socket.recv(buf)?;
210 |     if ret > 0 {
211 |         Ok(Some(&buf[..ret]))
212 |     } else {
213 |         Ok(None)
214 |     }
215 | }
216 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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