├── images ├── prefab.png ├── shader_01.png ├── shader_02.png ├── shader_03.png ├── shader_04.png ├── shader_05.png ├── shader_06.png ├── shader_07.png ├── test-object.png ├── sphere-of-cubes.png ├── enable-instancing.png ├── sphere-instancing.png ├── sphere-of-spheres.png ├── sphere-no-instancing.png └── shader-enable-instancing.png ├── UnityGPUInstancing ├── Assets │ ├── Scenes │ │ ├── SampleScene.unity.meta │ │ └── SampleScene.unity │ ├── Prefabs.meta │ ├── Scenes.meta │ ├── Scripts.meta │ ├── Shaders.meta │ ├── Materials.meta │ ├── Prefabs │ │ ├── Sphere.prefab.meta │ │ └── Sphere.prefab │ ├── Materials │ │ ├── DefaultLighting.mat.meta │ │ └── DefaultLighting.mat │ ├── Shaders │ │ ├── LightingShader.shader.meta │ │ └── LightingShader.shader │ └── Scripts │ │ ├── GPUInstancing.cs.meta │ │ └── GPUInstancing.cs └── Assembly-CSharp.csproj └── README.md /images/prefab.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/prefab.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_01.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_01.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_02.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_02.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_03.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_03.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_04.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_04.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_05.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_05.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_06.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_06.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader_07.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader_07.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/test-object.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/test-object.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/sphere-of-cubes.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/sphere-of-cubes.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/enable-instancing.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/enable-instancing.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/sphere-instancing.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/sphere-instancing.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/sphere-of-spheres.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/sphere-of-spheres.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/sphere-no-instancing.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/sphere-no-instancing.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/shader-enable-instancing.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vanCopper/Unity-GPU-Instancing/HEAD/images/shader-enable-instancing.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Scenes/SampleScene.unity.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: 99c9720ab356a0642a771bea13969a05 3 | DefaultImporter: 4 | externalObjects: {} 5 | userData: 6 | assetBundleName: 7 | assetBundleVariant: 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Prefabs.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: 5f498c7e2308640fc8ac8bd8194306e7 3 | folderAsset: yes 4 | DefaultImporter: 5 | externalObjects: {} 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Scenes.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: 4f704ae4b4f98ae41a0bce26658850c1 3 | folderAsset: yes 4 | DefaultImporter: 5 | externalObjects: {} 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Scripts.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: dc1d1df669d92427680553c603392c8d 3 | folderAsset: yes 4 | DefaultImporter: 5 | externalObjects: {} 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Shaders.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: 1d5439fc3dfde4e4280b329a447a2847 3 | folderAsset: yes 4 | DefaultImporter: 5 | externalObjects: {} 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Materials.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: 0d9f73318f5c44cffbb0366f9a0292f3 3 | folderAsset: yes 4 | DefaultImporter: 5 | externalObjects: {} 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Prefabs/Sphere.prefab.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: b33e710067eb94fafb5341df157f716f 3 | NativeFormatImporter: 4 | externalObjects: {} 5 | mainObjectFileID: 100100000 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Materials/DefaultLighting.mat.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: dc22beb250d454fd3961d72e3d122c6e 3 | NativeFormatImporter: 4 | externalObjects: {} 5 | mainObjectFileID: 2100000 6 | userData: 7 | assetBundleName: 8 | assetBundleVariant: 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Shaders/LightingShader.shader.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: d5217477f838f4b7ab01c45b10bab45d 3 | ShaderImporter: 4 | externalObjects: {} 5 | defaultTextures: [] 6 | nonModifiableTextures: [] 7 | userData: 8 | assetBundleName: 9 | assetBundleVariant: 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Scripts/GPUInstancing.cs.meta: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fileFormatVersion: 2 2 | guid: cccbc83e675454056916e1925dc81281 3 | MonoImporter: 4 | externalObjects: {} 5 | serializedVersion: 2 6 | defaultReferences: [] 7 | executionOrder: 0 8 | icon: {instanceID: 0} 9 | userData: 10 | assetBundleName: 11 | assetBundleVariant: 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Scripts/GPUInstancing.cs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | using System.Collections; 2 | using System.Collections.Generic; 3 | using UnityEngine; 4 | 5 | public class GPUInstancing : MonoBehaviour 6 | { 7 | 8 | public Transform prefab; 9 | 10 | public int instances = 5000; 11 | 12 | public float radius = 50f; 13 | 14 | void Start() 15 | { 16 | MaterialPropertyBlock properties = new MaterialPropertyBlock(); 17 | for (int i = 0; i < instances; i++) 18 | { 19 | Transform t = Instantiate(prefab); 20 | t.localPosition = Random.insideUnitSphere * radius; 21 | t.SetParent(transform); 22 | 23 | properties.SetColor("_Color", new Color(Random.value, Random.value, Random.value)); 24 | t.GetComponent().SetPropertyBlock(properties); 25 | } 26 | } 27 | } 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Shaders/LightingShader.shader: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Upgrade NOTE: replaced 'UNITY_INSTANCE_ID' with 'UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID' 2 | 3 | Shader "Copper/LightingShader" 4 | { 5 | Properties 6 | { 7 | _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {} 8 | _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) 9 | } 10 | SubShader 11 | { 12 | Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } 13 | LOD 100 14 | 15 | Pass 16 | { 17 | CGPROGRAM 18 | #pragma vertex vert 19 | #pragma fragment frag 20 | // make fog work 21 | #pragma multi_compile_fog 22 | #pragma multi_compile_instancing 23 | //#pragma instancing_options forcemaxcount:456 24 | 25 | #include "UnityCG.cginc" 26 | 27 | //fixed4 _Color; 28 | 29 | struct appdata 30 | { 31 | UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 32 | float4 vertex : POSITION; 33 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 34 | }; 35 | 36 | struct v2f 37 | { 38 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 39 | UNITY_FOG_COORDS(1) 40 | float4 vertex : SV_POSITION; 41 | }; 42 | 43 | sampler2D _MainTex; 44 | float4 _MainTex_ST; 45 | 46 | UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props) 47 | UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4, _Color) 48 | UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4x4, _Te) 49 | UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4x4, _Te1) 50 | UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props) 51 | 52 | v2f vert (appdata v) 53 | { 54 | v2f o; 55 | UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v) 56 | o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); 57 | o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex); 58 | UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex); 59 | return o; 60 | } 61 | 62 | fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target 63 | { 64 | // sample the texture 65 | fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); 66 | fixed4x4 Te = UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(Props, _Te); 67 | fixed4x4 Te1 = UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(Props, _Te1); 68 | // apply fog 69 | UNITY_APPLY_FOG(i.fogCoord, col); 70 | //return col*_Color; 71 | return col * UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(Props, _Color); 72 | } 73 | ENDCG 74 | } 75 | } 76 | } 77 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assets/Materials/DefaultLighting.mat: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | %YAML 1.1 2 | %TAG !u! tag:unity3d.com,2011: 3 | --- !u!21 &2100000 4 | Material: 5 | serializedVersion: 6 6 | m_ObjectHideFlags: 0 7 | m_CorrespondingSourceObject: {fileID: 0} 8 | m_PrefabInternal: {fileID: 0} 9 | m_Name: DefaultLighting 10 | m_Shader: {fileID: 46, guid: 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m_LocalScale: {x: 1, y: 1, z: 1} 298 | m_Children: [] 299 | m_Father: {fileID: 0} 300 | m_RootOrder: 2 301 | m_LocalEulerAnglesHint: {x: 0, y: 0, z: 0} 302 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Unity GPU Instancing 2 | 运行环境：Unity 2018.3.2f1 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Unity 提供了**Static Batching**和**Dynamic Batching**两种方式来优化渲染性能。 7 | 8 | * **Static Batching** 9 | 10 | **Static Batching**会在Build阶段提取多个使用相同材质的，且不会移动，旋转和缩放模型的**Vertex buffer**和**Index buffer**。然后将顶点数据变换到世界空间下，存储到最终**Static Batching**所使用的**Vertex buffer**中，并记录每个子模型的**Index buffer**在**Static Batching**所使用的**Index buffer**中的位置。在绘制阶段，会一次性提交合并后的模型顶点数据，最终引擎会根据子模型的可见性确定需要绘制的子模型，设置一次渲染状态，再调用多次**Draw Call**分别绘制子模型。 11 | 12 | 所以**Static Batching**并没有减少**Draw Call**的数量，但在绘制阶段避免了多次数据提交和渲染状态的切换。 13 | 14 | * **Dynamic Batching** 15 | 16 | **Dynamic Batching**会在运行时将使用同一材质的模型进行合并渲染，也就是将符合条件的GameObject放在一个**Draw Call**中绘制。使用**Dynamic Batching**有一些限制： 17 | 18 | 1. 模型最高900个顶点属性，300个顶点。假如我们的Shader中每个顶点使用了Position, Normal, UV,那么模型只能有300个顶点。如果在Shader中使用了Position, Normal, UV0, UV1, Tangent,那么顶点数就要减少到180个（5*180=900）。 19 | 2. GameObject之间有镜像变换的不能进行合批 20 | 3. 使用Multi-pass Shader的GameObject禁止合批 21 | 4. 拥有lightmap的对象，无法合批 22 | 5. GameObject接收实时阴影无法合批 23 | 24 | **Dynamic Batching**在降低Draw Call的同时会导致额外的CPU性能消耗，所以仅在合批操作的性能消耗小于不合批，**Dynamic Batching**才有意义。 25 | 26 | #### 1.1 动态合批 27 | 28 | 1. 新建一个球体的Prefab用于测试 29 | 30 | ![](./images/prefab.png) 31 | 32 | 2. 新建**GPUInstancing**脚本，用于生成Sphere实例 33 | 34 | ```c# 35 | using System.Collections; 36 | using System.Collections.Generic; 37 | using UnityEngine; 38 | 39 | public class GPUInstancing : MonoBehaviour 40 | { 41 | 42 | public Transform prefab; 43 | 44 | public int instances = 5000; 45 | 46 | public float radius = 50f; 47 | 48 | void Start() 49 | { 50 | for (int i = 0; i < instances; i++) 51 | { 52 | Transform t = Instantiate(prefab); 53 | t.localPosition = Random.insideUnitSphere * radius; 54 | t.SetParent(transform); 55 | } 56 | } 57 | } 58 | 59 | ``` 60 | 61 | 3. 新建**GameObject**并添加脚本**GPUInstancing**，生成半径50，实例数5000。 62 | 63 | ![](./images/test-object.png) 64 | 65 | 4. 将相机位置设置在（0，0，-100）以保证所有物体均在视野范围内。关掉光源的**Shadow**，设置相机的渲染路径为**Forward Rendering**。 66 | 67 | ![](./images/sphere-of-spheres.png) 68 | 69 | 可以看到总共有5002次DrawCall(Batches),其中5000次是场景中的球体的绘制。尽管开启了动态合批，但由于Sphere的模型过大，导致无法动态合批。而且FPS只有0.6 70 | 71 | 5. 将Sphere替换为Cube，观察合批结果 72 | 73 | ![](./images/sphere-of-cubes.png) 74 | 75 | 可以看到这时只有8次DrawCall(Batches)，4994个Cube被动态合批了。FPS也从0.6fps上升到了75fps。 76 | 77 | #### 1.2 GPU Instancing 测试 78 | 79 | ​ GPU Instancing 并不是默认开启的。Shader需要特殊处理才能支持GPU Instancing。Unity的standard shader中是有开启GPU Instancing选项的，如果是自定义Shader，就需要自己去处理。我们先来用Sphere的渲染来测试下，5000个Sphere不开启GUP Instancing的情况： 80 | 81 | ![](./images/sphere-no-instancing.png) 82 | 83 | 因Sphere无法动态合批，5000个Sphere就5000次DrawCall。 84 | 85 | 现在把材质中的**Enable GPU Instancing**选项开启： 86 | 87 | ![](./images/enable-instancing.png) 88 | 89 | 再次运行程序： 90 | 91 | ![](./images/sphere-instancing.png) 92 | 93 | 5000个Sphere被合批至10个DrawCall中处理了。被Instancing的Draw Call都被标记为了Draw Mesh(instanced)了。 94 | 95 | #### 1.3 什么是GPU Instancing 96 | 97 | GPU Instancing是指由GPU和图形API支持的，用一个DrawCall同时绘制多个具有相同网格物体的技术。假如现在有一个包含大量模型的场景，而这些模型的网格数据都一样，不同的仅仅是世界空间下坐标不同。如果按照正常的渲染流程，DrawCall次数是和物件数量相同的，随着物件数量的上升CPU往GPU上传的数据就会越来越多，很快就会遇到性能的瓶颈。 98 | 99 | 使用GPU Instancing技术时，数据的上传是一次性打包上传至GPU的，紧接着调用GPU和图形的API利用这些数据绘制多个物件。Unity中的具体实现步骤如下： 100 | 101 | * 将Per-Instance Data(世界矩阵，颜色等自定义变量)打包成Uniform Array，存储在Instance Constant Buffers中 102 | * 对于可以使用Instancing的Batch，调用各平台图形API的Instancing DrawCall，为每个Instance生成一个不同的SV_InstanceID 103 | * 在Shader中使用SV_InstanceID作为Uniform Array的索引来获取当前Instance的Per-Instance Data 104 | 105 | GPU Instancing技术并不是总能提高性能的，如果场景中有大量使用相同材质和相同网格的物体并性能问题是由DrawCall次数过多导致的，这时使用GPU Instancing可以得到不错的性能提升。在实际的游戏项目中植被和树木是最适合使用的。这里要注意的是GPU Instancing是通过减少DrawCall来降低CPU开销的，但这同事也会为GPU带来额外的开销。**适合的才是最好的，切勿沉迷性能优化无法自拔**。 106 | 107 | 目前GPU Instancing支持的平台： 108 | 109 | * DirectX11 and DirectX12 on Windows 110 | * OpenGL Core 4.1+/ES3.0+ on Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS and Android 111 | * Metal on macOS and iOS 112 | * Vulkan on Windows, Linux and Android 113 | * PlayStation 4 and Xbox One 114 | * WebGL(requires WebGL 2.0 API) 115 | 116 | 使用GPU Instancing 技术注意事项： 117 | 118 | * 使用Lightmap的物体无法使用Instancing 119 | * 受不同Light Probe / Reflection Probe影响的物体无法使用Instancing 120 | * 使用包含多个Pass的Shader物体，只有第一个Pass可以Instancing 121 | * 前向渲染时，受多个光源影响的物体只有Base Pass可以Instancing, Add Passes不行 122 | * Instancing 适用于MeshRenderer组件和Graphics.DrawMesh() 123 | * 需要物件使用相同的Material和Mesh 124 | * 需要把Shader改成Instanced的版本 125 | * 当所有条件均满足的情况下，Instancing是自动进行的，并且优先级高于 Static/Dynamic Batching 126 | 127 | #### 2.1 让自定义Shader支持Instancing 128 | 129 | 首先我们新建一个简单的Shader： 130 | 131 | ```c# 132 | Shader "Copper/LightingShader" 133 | { 134 | Properties 135 | { 136 | _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {} 137 | } 138 | SubShader 139 | { 140 | Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } 141 | LOD 100 142 | 143 | Pass 144 | { 145 | CGPROGRAM 146 | #pragma vertex vert 147 | #pragma fragment frag 148 | // make fog work 149 | #pragma multi_compile_fog 150 | 151 | #include "UnityCG.cginc" 152 | 153 | struct appdata 154 | { 155 | float4 vertex : POSITION; 156 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 157 | }; 158 | 159 | struct v2f 160 | { 161 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 162 | UNITY_FOG_COORDS(1) 163 | float4 vertex : SV_POSITION; 164 | }; 165 | 166 | sampler2D _MainTex; 167 | float4 _MainTex_ST; 168 | 169 | v2f vert (appdata v) 170 | { 171 | v2f o; 172 | o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); 173 | o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex); 174 | UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex); 175 | return o; 176 | } 177 | 178 | fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target 179 | { 180 | // sample the texture 181 | fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); 182 | // apply fog 183 | UNITY_APPLY_FOG(i.fogCoord, col); 184 | return col; 185 | } 186 | ENDCG 187 | } 188 | } 189 | } 190 | ``` 191 | 192 | 接下来我们需要添加Instancing开启的编译指令： 193 | 194 | ```c# 195 | #pragma vertex vert 196 | #pragma fragment frag 197 | // make fog work 198 | #pragma multi_compile_fog 199 | // 开启 Instancing支持 200 | #pragma multi_compile_instancing 201 | ``` 202 | 203 | 然后在Shader的Inspector中就会出现 **Enable GPU Instancing** 的选项： 204 | 205 | ![](./images/shader-enable-instancing.png) 206 | 207 | 勾选开启GPU Instancing后，运行程序后会得到一下结果： 208 | 209 | ![](./images/shader_01.png) 210 | 211 | 观察Stats发现渲染处理了5000个Sphere，最终合批为10次DrawCall。但我们却只在场景中观察到了10个Sphere。为什么5000个Sphere在渲染，而场景中只有10个Sphere？ 212 | 213 | #### 2.2 UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 214 | 215 | 上面的例子中5000个Sphere渲染，而只在场景中看到10个Sphere是因为GPU在处理Instancing的时候如果没有为每个Instancing指定唯一的**Instance_id**，那么GPU就会默认使用第一个。所以同一批次的Sphere都会出现在同一位置。我们修改一下Shader再来测试： 216 | 217 | ```C# 218 | struct appdata 219 | { 220 | UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 221 | float4 vertex : POSITION; 222 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 223 | }; 224 | 225 | v2f vert (appdata v) 226 | { 227 | v2f o; 228 | UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v) 229 | o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); 230 | o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex); 231 | UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex); 232 | return o; 233 | } 234 | ``` 235 | 236 | ![](./images/shader_02.png) 237 | 238 | 修改Shader后渲染结果恢复正常。下面我们来理解一下`UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID`和`UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID`。 239 | 240 | Unity中Instancing相关的指令都定义在`Unity安装目录\Editor\Data\CGIncludes\UnityInstancing.cgine`文件中。 241 | 242 | ```c# 243 | //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 244 | // basic instancing setups 245 | - UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID //Declare instance ID field in vertex shader input / output struct. 246 | 247 | - UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID //Should be used at the very beginning of the vertex shader / fragment shader, so that succeeding code can have access to the global unity_InstanceID.Also procedural function is called to setup instance data. 248 | ``` 249 | 250 | **UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID**：在Shader输入/输出结构体中 声明一个Instance ID。 251 | 252 | **UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID**：这个宏必须在Vertex Shader或Fragment Shader的一开始就调用，只有调用了这个宏以后，才可以在Shader中通过全局的InstanceID来访问到结构体数据。 253 | 254 | #### 2.3 GPU Instancing Batch Size 255 | 256 | ![](./images/shader_03.png) 257 | 258 | 可以看到单次DrawCall的批次大小是**511**。这里Instancing Batch Size是通过**UNITY_MAX_INSTANCE_COUNT** 来定义的，Unity默认的大小是500。根据运行平台不同，这个最大批次数是变化的。也可以通过下面的指令进行修改： 259 | 260 | ```c# 261 | #pragma instancing_options forcemaxcount:512 262 | ``` 263 | 264 | 把最大批次数改为512，再次运行程序： 265 | 266 | ![](./images/shader_04.png) 267 | 268 | 最大批次已经是512了，那么我们把最大批次修改为513会怎么样？ 269 | 270 | ``` 271 | #pragma instancing_options forcemaxcount:513 272 | ``` 273 | 274 | 运行后得到一个报错信息： 275 | 276 | ![](./images/shader_05.png) 277 | 278 | `常量缓冲区UnityInstancing_PerDraw0的大小为 4104个16字节的条目，超过了最大4096个条目。` 279 | 280 | 回到上面Instancing技术实现的说明： 281 | 282 | > 将Per-Instance Data(世界矩阵，颜色等自定义变量)打包成Uniform Array，存储在Instance Constant Buffers中 283 | 284 | Instance Data是存储在 **ConstantBuffers(D3D )/Uniform Buffer Object(OpenGL)**中的，那么也就是说一个批次能处理的Instance数量，取决于 **ConstantBuffers/UBO**的大小和**Instancing 属性**的多少。Windows下D3D的ConstantBuffer大小为**64KB**,那么基于上面的例子我们来算一下： 285 | 286 | ``` 287 | //上面的例子中在shader中将输入的结构体分配了Instance ID，之后Unity会在ConstantBuffers中存储两个矩阵： 288 | // object-to-world : 世界坐标系下的矩阵 world-to-object：用于法线计算的矩阵 289 | // 一个矩阵大小为 64byte 290 | pSize = 64byte x 2 = 128byte 291 | 64KB = 64 x 1024 = 65536byte 292 | max_count = 65536byte / 128byte = 512 293 | 所以批次最大Instance数为 512 294 | ``` 295 | 296 | OpenGl平台中UBO的大小通常只有ConstantBuffer大小的四分之一。 297 | 298 | **这里需要注意的是 UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 使用的ConstantBuffer/UBO是单独的`UnityInstancing_PerDraw0`** 299 | 300 | #### 2.4 UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP 301 | 302 | 修改一下Shader和脚本，为Shader添加一个颜色属性，在脚本中动态改变这个颜色值。 303 | 304 | `LightingShader.shader:` 305 | 306 | ```c# 307 | Shader "Copper/LightingShader" 308 | { 309 | Properties 310 | { 311 | _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {} 312 | _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) 313 | } 314 | SubShader 315 | { 316 | Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } 317 | LOD 100 318 | 319 | Pass 320 | { 321 | CGPROGRAM 322 | #pragma vertex vert 323 | #pragma fragment frag 324 | // make fog work 325 | #pragma multi_compile_fog 326 | #pragma multi_compile_instancing 327 | //#pragma instancing_options forcemaxcount:512 328 | 329 | #include "UnityCG.cginc" 330 | 331 | fixed4 _Color; 332 | 333 | struct appdata 334 | { 335 | UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 336 | float4 vertex : POSITION; 337 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 338 | }; 339 | 340 | struct v2f 341 | { 342 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 343 | UNITY_FOG_COORDS(1) 344 | float4 vertex : SV_POSITION; 345 | }; 346 | 347 | sampler2D _MainTex; 348 | float4 _MainTex_ST; 349 | 350 | v2f vert (appdata v) 351 | { 352 | v2f o; 353 | UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v) 354 | o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); 355 | o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex); 356 | UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex); 357 | return o; 358 | } 359 | 360 | fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target 361 | { 362 | // sample the texture 363 | fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); 364 | // apply fog 365 | UNITY_APPLY_FOG(i.fogCoord, col); 366 | return col*_Color; 367 | } 368 | ENDCG 369 | } 370 | } 371 | } 372 | 373 | ``` 374 | 375 | `GPUInstancing.cs:` 376 | 377 | ```c# 378 | using System.Collections; 379 | using System.Collections.Generic; 380 | using UnityEngine; 381 | 382 | public class GPUInstancing : MonoBehaviour 383 | { 384 | 385 | public Transform prefab; 386 | 387 | public int instances = 5000; 388 | 389 | public float radius = 50f; 390 | 391 | void Start() 392 | { 393 | MaterialPropertyBlock properties = new MaterialPropertyBlock(); 394 | for (int i = 0; i < instances; i++) 395 | { 396 | Transform t = Instantiate(prefab); 397 | t.localPosition = Random.insideUnitSphere * radius; 398 | t.SetParent(transform); 399 | 400 | properties.SetColor("_Color", new Color(Random.value, Random.value, Random.value)); 401 | t.GetComponent().SetPropertyBlock(properties); 402 | } 403 | } 404 | } 405 | ``` 406 | 407 | 运行程序，观察GPUInstancing是否还有作用： 408 | 409 | ![](./images/shader_06.png) 410 | 411 | GPUInstancing无效了，很多时候我们是需要在Shader中定义一些属性供游戏运行时动态改变的。但在GPUInstancing阶段，如果没有给这些属性创建InstanceID的话，那么就无法成功合批。 412 | 413 | 修改`LightingShader.shader:` 414 | 415 | ```c# 416 | Shader "Copper/LightingShader" 417 | { 418 | Properties 419 | { 420 | _MainTex ("Texture", 2D) = "white" {} 421 | _Color ("Main Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1) 422 | } 423 | SubShader 424 | { 425 | Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" } 426 | LOD 100 427 | 428 | Pass 429 | { 430 | CGPROGRAM 431 | #pragma vertex vert 432 | #pragma fragment frag 433 | // make fog work 434 | #pragma multi_compile_fog 435 | #pragma multi_compile_instancing 436 | //#pragma instancing_options forcemaxcount:512 437 | 438 | #include "UnityCG.cginc" 439 | 440 | //fixed4 _Color; 441 | 442 | struct appdata 443 | { 444 | UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID 445 | float4 vertex : POSITION; 446 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 447 | }; 448 | 449 | struct v2f 450 | { 451 | float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; 452 | UNITY_FOG_COORDS(1) 453 | float4 vertex : SV_POSITION; 454 | }; 455 | 456 | sampler2D _MainTex; 457 | float4 _MainTex_ST; 458 | 459 | UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props) 460 | UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4, _Color) 461 | UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props) 462 | 463 | v2f vert (appdata v) 464 | { 465 | v2f o; 466 | UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v) 467 | o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex); 468 | o.uv = TRANSFORM_TEX(v.uv, _MainTex); 469 | UNITY_TRANSFER_FOG(o,o.vertex); 470 | return o; 471 | } 472 | 473 | fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target 474 | { 475 | // sample the texture 476 | fixed4 col = tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv); 477 | // apply fog 478 | UNITY_APPLY_FOG(i.fogCoord, col); 479 | //return col*_Color; 480 | return col * UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(Props, _Color); 481 | } 482 | ENDCG 483 | } 484 | } 485 | } 486 | ``` 487 | 488 | ![](./images/shader_07.png) 489 | 490 | 结果成功合批。 491 | 492 | **UNITY_INSTANCING_CBUFFER_START(name) / UNITY_INSTANCING_CBUFFER_END** 493 | 494 | 每个Instance独有的属性必须定义在一个遵循特殊命名规则的Constant Buffer中。使用这对宏来定义这些Constant Buffer。“name”参数可以是任意字符串。 495 | 496 | **UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP(float4, _Color)** 497 | 498 | 定义一个具有特定类型和名字的每个Instance独有的Shader属性。这个宏实际会定义一个Uniform数组。 499 | 500 | **UNITY_ACCESS_INSTANCED_PROP(_Color)** 501 | 502 | 访问每个Instance独有的属性。这个宏会使用Instance ID作为索引到Uniform数组中去取当前Instance对应的数据。 503 | 504 | **这里需要注意的是 UNITY_DEFINE_INSTANCED_PROP使用的ConstantBuffer/UBO是单独的`UnityInstancing_Props`。** 505 | 506 | 所以合批上限是由**UnityInstancing_PerDraw0**和**UnityInstancing_Props**两个常量缓冲区同时决定的。 507 | 508 | 509 | 510 | 参考： 511 | 512 | > https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html 513 | > 514 | > https://catlikecoding.com/unity/tutorials/rendering/part-19/ 515 | > 516 | > https://learnopengl.com/Advanced-OpenGL/Instancing 517 | 518 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /UnityGPUInstancing/Assembly-CSharp.csproj: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | latest 5 | 6 | 7 | Debug 8 | AnyCPU 9 | 10.0.20506 10 | 2.0 11 | 12 | {8B507BCE-C1DF-0802-BD3E-1F3724F79110} 13 | Library 14 | Properties 15 | Assembly-CSharp 16 | v4.7.1 17 | 512 18 | . 19 | 20 | 21 | true 22 | full 23 | false 24 | Temp\bin\Debug\ 25 | 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