├── .github ├── FUNDING.yml └── workflows │ └── hugo.yml ├── .gitignore ├── .gitmodules ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── archetypes ├── chapter.md └── default.md ├── config.toml ├── deploy ├── docs ├── _index.md ├── about.md ├── combine │ └── _index.md ├── dp │ ├── _index.md │ └── note.md ├── swift │ └── _index.md ├── swiftpm │ ├── _index.md │ ├── spm_in_cli.md │ ├── spm_in_xcode.md │ └── swiftpm_plugin.md ├── swiftui │ ├── _index.md │ ├── app_design_and_layout │ │ ├── _index.md │ │ ├── composing_complex_interfaces.files │ │ │ ├── ComposingComplexInterfaces.zip │ │ │ ├── add-rows-landmarks.gif │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step1.gif │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step4.gif │ │ │ └── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.gif │ │ ├── composing_complex_interfaces.md │ │ ├── images │ │ │ ├── app_design_and_layout.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step4.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section2-step1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section2-step2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step4.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section4.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step4.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step6.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-app-design-layout-section5.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer3.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer2.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer3.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step2.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step3.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step4.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step5.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step6.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1-step7.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2-step1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2-step2.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2-step3.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2-step4.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2-step5.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section2.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section3-step1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section3-step2.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section3-step3.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section3-step4.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section3-step5.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section4-step1.png │ │ │ ├── working-with-ui-controls-section4-step2.png │ │ │ └── working-with-ui-controls-section4.png │ │ ├── working_with_ui_controls.files │ │ │ └── WorkingWithUIControls.zip │ │ └── working_with_ui_controls.md │ ├── drawing_and_animation │ │ ├── _index.md │ │ ├── animating_views_and_transitions.files │ │ │ ├── AnimatingViewsAndTransitions.zip │ │ │ ├── custom-move-and-fade-slide-scale.gif │ │ │ ├── custom-move-and-fade.gif │ │ │ ├── customize-view-transitions.gif │ │ │ ├── hike-graph-transition-spring-animation.gif │ │ │ ├── live-preview-animations.gif │ │ │ ├── rotate-button-aniamtion.gif │ │ │ ├── rotate-button-animation-scale.gif │ │ │ ├── spring-animation-delay-index-based.gif │ │ │ ├── spring-animation-speed.gif │ │ │ ├── transition-slide.gif │ │ │ ├── with-animation-block.gif │ │ │ ├── with-animation-duration.gif │ │ │ └── with-animation-interrupt.gif │ │ ├── animating_views_and_transitions.md │ │ ├── drawing_paths_and_shapes.files │ │ │ └── DrawingPathsAndShapes.zip │ │ ├── drawing_paths_and_shapes.md │ │ └── images │ │ │ ├── drawing_and_animation.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-combine-animation.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-custom-transition.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-hike-graph-ripple.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-pin-canvas.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-problem1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-animation.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-no-rotate.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-resume.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-scale.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transtion-rotate-button-spring.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-transtion-state-change.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-background.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-center.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-combine.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-geometry-reader.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-geometry-scale.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-gradient.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-hexagonal.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-path-fill.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-refactor-background.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-square.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol-bottom.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol-completed.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol-create.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol-fill.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol-top.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbol.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-symbols.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge-text.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badge.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-badgebackground.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-create-file.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-hexagonal-data.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-name-file.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-path-start-point.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-path.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem2-answer1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem2-answer2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem2-answer3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer1.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer2.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3.png │ │ │ ├── swiftui-drawing-animation-rotate-badge-5.png │ │ │ └── swiftui-drawing-path-and-shape-animate-button.png │ ├── framework_integration │ │ ├── _index.md │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App.files │ │ │ ├── CreatingAmacOSApp.zip │ │ │ └── macos-landmark.gif │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App.md │ │ ├── creating_a_watchOS_App.files │ │ │ ├── CreatingAwatchOSApp.zip │ │ │ └── watch_landmark_app_test.gif │ │ ├── creating_a_watchOS_App.md │ │ ├── images │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_problem1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_problem5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1_step1_1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1_step1_2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1_step2_1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1_step2_2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section1_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section2_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section2_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section2_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section2_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step10.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step6.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step7.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step8.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section3_step9.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section4_step6.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section5_step6.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section6.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section6_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section6_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section6_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section6_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step2.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step3.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step4.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step5.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step6.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step7.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step8.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step9_1.png │ │ │ ├── create_a_watchOS_app_section7_step9_2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem1_answer1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem1_answer2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem1_answer3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem3_answer1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem3_answer2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem3_answer3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_problem4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10_step6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont10_step7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1_step1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont1_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont2_step1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont2_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont2_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont3_step7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4_step1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont4_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step10.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont5_step8.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6_step6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont6_step7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont7_step1.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont7_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont7_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont8.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont8_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont8_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step10.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step2.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step3.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step4.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step5.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step6.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step7.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step8.png │ │ │ ├── creating_a_macOS_App_seciont9_step9.png │ │ │ ├── framework_integeration.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step1.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step2.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step3.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step4.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step5.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section1_step6.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section2.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section2_step1.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section2_step2.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section2_step3.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section2_step4.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step1.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step2.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step3.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step4.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step5.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section3_step6.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section4.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section4_step1.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section4_step2.png │ │ │ ├── interfacing_with_uikit_section4_step3.png │ │ │ └── interfacing_with_uikit_section4_step4.png │ │ ├── interfaceing_with_uikit.files │ │ │ ├── InterfacingWithUIKit.zip │ │ │ ├── page-control.gif │ │ │ ├── swipe-binding-text.gif │ │ │ └── swipe-landmarks.gif │ │ └── interfaceing_with_uikit.md │ ├── images │ │ ├── swiftui-96x96_2x.png │ │ ├── swiftui-all-platforms.png │ │ ├── swiftui-animation-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-animation.png │ │ ├── swiftui-code-list-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-code-list.png │ │ ├── swiftui-design-tools.png │ │ ├── swiftui-feature-card-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-feature-card.png │ │ ├── swiftui-introduction.png │ │ ├── swiftui-lesscode-betterapp.png │ │ └── swiftui-xcode-live-preview.png │ └── swiftui_essentials │ │ ├── _index.md │ │ ├── building_lists_and_navigation.files │ │ ├── BuildingListsAndNavigation.zip │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-preview.gif │ │ └── swifui-building-list-navigation.gif │ │ ├── building_lists_and_navigation.md │ │ ├── creating_and_combining_views.files │ │ ├── CreatingAndCombiningViews.zip │ │ ├── create-new-project.gif │ │ ├── customize-text-view.gif │ │ ├── swiftui-embed-in-hstack.gif │ │ ├── swiftui-inspector-add-text-view.gif │ │ └── xcode-live-preview.gif │ │ ├── creating_and_combining_views.md │ │ ├── handling_user_input.files │ │ ├── HandlingUserInput.zip │ │ ├── landmarklist-environment.gif │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-start-completed.gif │ │ └── toggle-state-live-preview.gif │ │ ├── handling_user_input.md │ │ └── images │ │ ├── create-new-project-app-template.png │ │ ├── create-new-project-completed.png │ │ ├── create-new-project-info.png │ │ ├── create-new-project-xcode-menu.png │ │ ├── create-new-project-xcode.png │ │ ├── swfitui-xcode-resume.png │ │ ├── swiftui-assets-catalog-editor.png │ │ ├── swiftui-buidling-list-sencedelegate-rootview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-circle-image-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-circle-image-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-data-identifiable.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-detail-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-detail.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-dynamic.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-file.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-identifiable-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-keypath-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-to-detail.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-two-rows.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-list.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-model.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-row-create.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-row-layout-1.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-row-layout.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-landmark-row.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-map-view-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-map-view-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-navigation-view-title.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-navigationlink.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-pass-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preivew-group.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preivew-layout-size.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preivew-multiple-device.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preview-dynamic.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preview-layout-group-configuration.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preview-muldevices.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-preview-row-2.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-row-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list-sampe-data.png │ │ ├── swiftui-building-list.png │ │ ├── swiftui-circle-image-completed.png │ │ ├── swiftui-code-chage-foreground-color.png │ │ ├── swiftui-code-inspector-resume-font.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-begin.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-completed.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem2-1.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem2-2.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem2-3.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem2.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem3-1.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem3-2.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem3-3.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem4-1.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem4-2.png │ │ ├── swiftui-combine-view-problem4-3.png │ │ ├── swiftui-create-swiftui-file.png │ │ ├── swiftui-essentials.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-combine.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-favorite-button.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-favorite-star-button.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-landmark-detail-environment.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-list-environment.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-mark-favorite.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-model.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-observable.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-scene-delegate-environment.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-star.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-state-favorite.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-state.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-toggle-binding.png │ │ ├── swiftui-handle-user-input-toggle-state.png │ │ ├── swiftui-layout-stack.png │ │ ├── swiftui-mapview-mkmapview-wrapper.png │ │ ├── swiftui-mkmapview-live-preview.png │ │ ├── swiftui-preview-inspector-change-font.png │ │ ├── swiftui-preview-inspector-change-text.png │ │ ├── swiftui-preview-inspector.png │ │ ├── swiftui-uikit-swiftui-combine.png │ │ ├── swiftui-view-embed-in-vertical-stack.png │ │ ├── swiftui-vstack-leading-alignment.png │ │ ├── swiftui_building-list-landmark-detail-data.png │ │ ├── swifui-building-list-embed-in-navigation-view.png │ │ ├── swifui-building-list-preview-on-iphonese.png │ │ ├── swifui-create-circle-image.png │ │ └── swifui-turtlerock-overlay.png └── tdd │ ├── _index.md │ └── tdd_cycle.md ├── layouts ├── partials │ ├── footer.html │ ├── logo.html │ └── menu-footer.html └── shortcodes │ └── attachments.html ├── new_chapter ├── new_page ├── preview └── static ├── css └── theme-mine.css └── images └── favicon.png /.github/FUNDING.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # These are supported funding model platforms 2 | 3 | github: # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2] 4 | patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username 5 | open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username 6 | ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username 7 | tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel 8 | community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry 9 | liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username 10 | issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username 11 | otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username 12 | custom: # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2'] 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/hugo.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: 部署到GitPages 2 | run-name: ${{ github.actor }} 触发 3 | on: 4 | push: 5 | branches: 6 | - "master" 7 | paths: 8 | - "docs/**" 9 | - "layouts/**" 10 | - "static/**" 11 | - "config.toml" 12 | 13 | workflow_dispatch: 14 | 15 | jobs: 16 | publish: 17 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 18 | steps: 19 | - name: 安装Hugo 20 | uses: peaceiris/actions-hugo@v2 21 | with: 22 | hugo-version: '0.108.0' 23 | extended: true 24 | - name: 拉取仓库代码 25 | uses: actions/checkout@v3 26 | with: 27 | submodules: recursive 28 | - name: 运行部署脚本 29 | run: | 30 | git config user.name github-actions 31 | git config user.email github-actions@github.com 32 | ./deploy 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .DS_Store 2 | *webarchive 3 | site/ 4 | public/ 5 | resources/ 6 | .hugo_build.lock 7 | 8 | # Xcode 9 | # 10 | # gitignore contributors: remember to update Global/Xcode.gitignore, Objective-C.gitignore & Swift.gitignore 11 | 12 | ## User settings 13 | xcuserdata/ 14 | 15 | ## compatibility with Xcode 8 and earlier (ignoring not required starting Xcode 9) 16 | *.xcscmblueprint 17 | *.xccheckout 18 | 19 | ## compatibility with Xcode 3 and earlier (ignoring not required starting Xcode 4) 20 | build/ 21 | DerivedData/ 22 | *.moved-aside 23 | *.pbxuser 24 | !default.pbxuser 25 | *.mode1v3 26 | !default.mode1v3 27 | *.mode2v3 28 | !default.mode2v3 29 | *.perspectivev3 30 | !default.perspectivev3 31 | 32 | ## Obj-C/Swift specific 33 | *.hmap 34 | 35 | ## App packaging 36 | *.ipa 37 | *.dSYM.zip 38 | *.dSYM 39 | 40 | ## Playgrounds 41 | timeline.xctimeline 42 | playground.xcworkspace 43 | 44 | # Swift Package Manager 45 | # 46 | # Add this line if you want to avoid checking in source code from Swift Package Manager dependencies. 47 | # Packages/ 48 | # Package.pins 49 | # Package.resolved 50 | # *.xcodeproj 51 | # 52 | # Xcode automatically generates this directory with a .xcworkspacedata file and xcuserdata 53 | # hence it is not needed unless you have added a package configuration file to your project 54 | # .swiftpm 55 | 56 | .build/ 57 | 58 | # CocoaPods 59 | # 60 | # We recommend against adding the Pods directory to your .gitignore. However 61 | # you should judge for yourself, the pros and cons are mentioned at: 62 | # https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/using-cocoapods.html#should-i-check-the-pods-directory-into-source-control 63 | # 64 | # Pods/ 65 | # 66 | # Add this line if you want to avoid checking in source code from the Xcode workspace 67 | # *.xcworkspace 68 | 69 | # Carthage 70 | # 71 | # Add this line if you want to avoid checking in source code from Carthage dependencies. 72 | # Carthage/Checkouts 73 | 74 | Carthage/Build/ 75 | 76 | # Accio dependency management 77 | Dependencies/ 78 | .accio/ 79 | 80 | # fastlane 81 | # 82 | # It is recommended to not store the screenshots in the git repo. 83 | # Instead, use fastlane to re-generate the screenshots whenever they are needed. 84 | # For more information about the recommended setup visit: 85 | # https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/source-control/#source-control 86 | 87 | fastlane/report.xml 88 | fastlane/Preview.html 89 | fastlane/screenshots/**/*.png 90 | fastlane/test_output 91 | 92 | # Code Injection 93 | # 94 | # After new code Injection tools there's a generated folder /iOSInjectionProject 95 | # https://github.com/johnno1962/injectionforxcode 96 | 97 | iOSInjectionProject/ 98 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitmodules: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | [submodule "themes/hugo-theme-learn"] 3 | path = themes/hugo-theme-learn 4 | url = https://github.com/matcornic/hugo-theme-learn.git 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | MIT License 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2020 Joker 4 | 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 11 | 12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 14 | 15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 21 | SOFTWARE. 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Learn Swift 👉 [主页](https://swift.jokerhub.cn) 2 | 3 | 页面图片较多，建议拉取本地进行查看。 4 | 5 | 1. [安装Homebrew](https://brew.sh) 6 | 7 | 2. [安装Hugo](https://gohugo.io/getting-started/installing/) 8 | 9 | 3. 拉取仓库到本地，仓库包含子仓库，克隆使用下面命令 10 | 11 | ## 拉取仓库并预览 12 | 13 | ```bash 14 | git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift.git && \ 15 | cd LearnSwift/ && \ 16 | ./preview 17 | ``` 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /archetypes/chapter.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "{{ replace .Name "-" " " | title }}" 3 | date: {{ .Date }} 4 | weight: 1 5 | chapter: true 6 | pre: "X. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | ### Chapter X 10 | 11 | # Some Chapter title 12 | 13 | Lorem Ipsum. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /archetypes/default.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "{{ replace .Name "-" " " | title }}" 3 | date: {{ .Date }} 4 | --- 5 | 6 | ### 第一节 7 | 8 | **步骤1** 9 | **步骤2** 10 | **步骤3** 11 | **步骤4** 12 | 13 | ### 第二节 14 | 15 | **步骤1** 16 | **步骤2** 17 | **步骤3** 18 | **步骤4** 19 | 20 | ### 第三节 21 | 22 | **步骤1** 23 | **步骤2** 24 | **步骤3** 25 | **步骤4** 26 | 27 | ### 第四节 28 | 29 | **步骤1** 30 | **步骤2** 31 | **步骤3** 32 | **步骤4** 33 | 34 | ### 检查是否理解 35 | 36 | **问题1** 37 | **问题2** 38 | **问题3** 39 | **问题4** -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /config.toml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | baseURL = "https://swift.jokerhub.cn" 2 | languageCode = "zh-cn" 3 | defaultContentLanguage = "zh-cn" 4 | theme = "hugo-theme-learn" 5 | 6 | title = "Learn Swift" 7 | metaDataFormat = "yaml" 8 | defaultContentLanguageInSubdir= false 9 | 10 | [params] 11 | editURL = "https://github.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/edit/master/docs/" 12 | description = "Swift学习" 13 | author = "王志舟" 14 | showVisitedLinks = false 15 | disableSearch = false 16 | disableNextPrev = false 17 | disableAssetsBusting = false 18 | disableInlineCopyToClipBoard = true 19 | disableShortcutsTitle = true 20 | disableLandingPageButton = true 21 | disableLanguageSwitchingButton = true 22 | disableMermaid = false 23 | customMermaidURL = "https://unpkg.com/mermaid@8.8.0/dist/mermaid.min.js" 24 | ordersectionsby = "weight" 25 | themeVariant = "mine" 26 | custom_css = [] 27 | titleSeparator = "-" 28 | 29 | # 自定义参数 30 | disableMathJax = false 31 | contentDirName = "docs" 32 | 33 | [outputs] 34 | home = [ "HTML", "RSS", "JSON"] 35 | 36 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 37 | name = " GitHub 仓库" 38 | identifier = "ds" 39 | url = "https://github.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift.git" 40 | weight = 1 41 | 42 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 43 | name = " SwiftUI 视频" 44 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/videos/all-videos/?q=swiftui" 45 | weight = 2 46 | 47 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 48 | name = " SwiftUI 文档" 49 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/" 50 | weight = 3 51 | 52 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 53 | name = " Learn 主题" 54 | identifier = "learndoc" 55 | url = "https://learn.netlify.app/en/" 56 | weight = 4 57 | 58 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 59 | name = " Tags 标签" 60 | url = "/tags" 61 | weight = 5 62 | 63 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 64 | name = " SwiftUI 官方教程(英文)" 65 | identifier = "swiftUI tutorials" 66 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/tutorials/swiftui/tutorials/" 67 | weight = 6 68 | 69 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 70 | name = " Font Awesome" 71 | identifier = "fontawesome" 72 | url = "https://fontawesome.com/icons?d=gallery&m=free" 73 | weight = 7 74 | 75 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 76 | name = " Swift 官网" 77 | identifier = "swift" 78 | url = "https://swift.org" 79 | weight = 8 80 | 81 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 82 | name = " Apple 官方论坛" 83 | identifier = "forums" 84 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/forums/" 85 | weight = 9 86 | 87 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 88 | name = " Apple 示例代码" 89 | identifier = "example code" 90 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/sample-code" 91 | weight = 10 92 | 93 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 94 | name = " Apple 官方文档" 95 | identifier = "documentation" 96 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/" 97 | weight = 11 98 | 99 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 100 | name = " flaticon" 101 | identifier = "flaticon" 102 | url = "https://www.flaticon.com/" 103 | weight = 12 104 | 105 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 106 | name = " SPM 查询" 107 | identifier = "SPM Index" 108 | url = "https://swiftpackageindex.com/" 109 | weight = 13 110 | 111 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 112 | name = " TOML 语法" 113 | identifier = "TOML" 114 | url = "https://toml.io" 115 | weight = 14 116 | 117 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 118 | name = " SaltTiger 书籍下载" 119 | identifier = "salttiger" 120 | url= "https://salttiger.com" 121 | weight = 15 122 | 123 | [[Languages.zh-cn.menu.shortcuts]] 124 | name = " visionOS" 125 | identifier = 'visionOS' 126 | url = "https://developer.apple.com/documentation/visionos" 127 | weight = 16 128 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /deploy: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # !/usr/bin/env bash 2 | # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | if [ "`git status -s`" ] 5 | then 6 | echo "The working directory is dirty. Please commit any pending changes." 7 | exit 1; 8 | fi 9 | 10 | SITE_ROOT="." 11 | SITE_PUB_DIR="site" 12 | SITE_CONTENT_DIR="docs" 13 | SITE_THEME_DIR="themes" 14 | SITE_LAYOUT_DIR="layouts" 15 | SITE_CONFIG_FILE="config.toml" 16 | 17 | echo "Deleting old publication" 18 | rm -rf ${SITE_PUB_DIR} 19 | git fetch 20 | git worktree prune 21 | rm -rf .git/worktrees/${SITE_PUB_DIR} 22 | 23 | echo "Checking out gh-pages branch into public" 24 | git worktree add ${SITE_PUB_DIR} -B gh-pages 25 | 26 | echo "Removing existing files" 27 | rm -rf ${SITE_PUB_DIR}/* 28 | 29 | echo "swift.jokerhub.cn" > ${SITE_PUB_DIR}/CNAME 30 | 31 | echo "Generating site" 32 | hugo -s "${SITE_ROOT}" \ 33 | -e production \ 34 | --contentDir="${SITE_CONTENT_DIR}" \ 35 | --themesDir="${SITE_THEME_DIR}" \ 36 | --layoutDir="${SITE_LAYOUT_DIR}" \ 37 | --config="${SITE_CONFIG_FILE}" \ 38 | --destination="${SITE_PUB_DIR}" \ 39 | --ignoreCache=true \ 40 | 41 | echo "Updating gh-pages branch" 42 | cd ${SITE_PUB_DIR} && git add --all && git commit -m "Publishing to gh-pages" 43 | 44 | echo "Pushing to github" 45 | cd - 46 | 47 | git push -uf --all 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Learn Swift" 3 | date: 2020-04-27T22:14:13+08:00 4 | --- 5 | 6 | 站点主要记录我学习Swift及相关知识的过程，做为一个iOS开发者自我提升过程中的各种积累和沉淀。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/about.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "About" 3 | --- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/combine/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Combine" 3 | date: 2020-07-25T20:05:58+08:00 4 | chapter: true 5 | weight: 4 6 | pre: "4. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | # Combine 10 | 11 | 运用各种事件处理算子处理异步事件 12 | 13 | **系统版本要求** 14 | - `OS 13.0+` 15 | - `macOS 10.15+` 16 | - `Mac Catalyst 13.0+` 17 | - `tvOS 13.0+` 18 | - `watchOS 6.0+` 19 | 20 | ## 概述 21 | 22 | `Combine`框架提供声明式的`Swift API`来处理随时间变化的值。这些随时间变化的值可以代表异步事件流。 23 | 24 | `Combine`通过声明`publisher(发布器)`来传递随时间变化的值，供`subscriber(订阅器)`来接收处理。 25 | 26 | `Publisher`协议声明一个可以传递随时间变化的值的类型，并且定义了一些算子可以处理从上一个发布器接收的值，并将处理后的值传递给后面的接收器。 27 | 28 | 在发布器链路的末端，接收器处理接收到的每一个值。需要接收器主动请求，发布器才会吐出对应的值对接收器，这样可以在接收器侧通过代码控制获取值的速率。 29 | 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/dp/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Design Pattern" 3 | date: 2023-02-23T23:54:53+08:00 4 | weight: 6 5 | chapter: true 6 | pre: "6. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | ### 设计模式 10 | 11 | # 如何成为一个真正的高级开发者 12 | 13 | 事实上，许多高级开发者仅仅只是拥有一个头衔，并不是真正具有高级开发者的实力。 14 | 15 | 那么，应该如何识别一个真正的高级开发者呢？ 16 | 17 | 高级开发者应该具备哪些素质和能力？ 18 | 19 | 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/dp/note.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "高级开发者学习笔记" 3 | date: 2023-02-24T00:01:05+08:00 4 | --- 5 | 6 | ### 单例和全局可变状态 7 | 8 | - Singleton: 完整的单例，一个类型只有一个实例 9 | - singleton: 不完整单例，一个类型有一个公用实例，但也可以根据需求创建其它实例 10 | - global mutable state: 全局可变状态会对单元测试造成阻碍，应该尽量避免 11 | 12 | ### 依赖反转(倒置) 13 | 14 | ### 注入方法 15 | 16 | - 通过闭包：单个的闭包可以看作是只有一个接口声明的协议，它们可以相互转换 17 | - 通过协议：是一组接口的包装 18 | 19 | ### 注入方式 20 | 21 | - 初始化构造器注入 22 | - 属性成员注入 23 | - 方法注入 24 | 25 | ### 依赖图 26 | 27 | 依赖图是一种交流工具，设计工具 28 | 29 | - 实线空箭头: 表示类继承关系 30 | - 实线实箭头: 表示成员强依赖关系 31 | - 虚线空箭头: 表示协议遵循关系 32 | - 虚线实箭头: 表示成员弱依赖关系 33 | - 方框加类名表示类型 34 | - 方框类名尖括号包裹表示协议类型，即接口。 35 | 36 | ### 类型组合 37 | 38 | 可以把不同的类型组合成一个新的类型 39 | 40 | ### 开闭原则+依赖倒置 41 | 42 | ### 模块化设计 43 | 44 | 模块化设计后，一些和特定平台无关的模块，可以单独进行测试，平台解藕也可以实现。 45 | 例如：原来在iOS模拟器跑的模块测试可以转移到Mac设备上进行，从而提升效率 46 | 47 | 模块化设计后，不同的模块开发工作可以合理的并行开发，节省时间成本，提高开发效率 48 | 49 | 所有的架构都是好的，区别只在于需要解决问题时的具体选择。选择最合适的架构优雅的解决问题才是目的 50 | 51 | 好的架构是由良好的沟通中产生的 52 | 53 | 建立良好的需求开发流程 54 | 55 | BDD->TDD->UserCases->Architecture->ModularDesign 56 | 57 | 沟通是关键，明确需求，细化实现，降低风险 58 | 59 | 尽量少用单例模式，通常单例模式是反模式的，不利于维护，我们使用单例大部分场景，只是为了更方便的调用，仅此而已，但这不利于代码的模块化设计，因为会造成很多耦合点 60 | 61 | 62 | ### 写单元测试 63 | 64 | - SUT(System Under Test) 65 | - 测试方法命名：test_method_expectation 66 | 67 | 单元测试涉及的四个术语： 68 | - Stubbing 69 | - Spying 70 | - Mock 71 | - dummy 72 | 73 | 善用Result类型，可以简化分支数量 74 | 75 | ### 测试网络请求的方法 76 | 77 | - 端到端：通过检查客户端-服务端之间真实的请求进行，由于依赖真实的网络请求，所以效率比较低，无法单独进行测试。 78 | - 子类Mock：不适合对我们不清楚的类进行子类化 79 | - 协议Mock：UR Loading System 80 | - 请求拦截：URLProtocol/registerClass(AnyClass)/unregisterClass(AnyClass) 81 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swift/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Swift" 3 | date: 2023-02-18T10:51:33+08:00 4 | weight: 1 5 | chapter: true 6 | pre: "1. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | # [Swift编程语言](https://swift.org) 10 | 11 | Swift 是编写软件的绝佳方式，无论是用于手机、台式机、服务器还是任何其他运行代码的软件。 12 | 13 | 它是一种安全、快速和交互式的编程语言，结合了现代语言思维的精华、Apple工程文化以及来自开源社区的各种贡献。 14 | 15 | Swift 编译器针​​对性能进行了优化，Swift 语言针对开发进行了优化，两者都没有妥协。 16 | 17 | Swift 对新手程序员很友好。它是一种工业级编程语言，与脚本语言一样富有表现力和乐趣。在 playground 中编写 Swift 代码可让您试验代码并立即查看结果。 18 | 19 | 代码经过编译和优化，充分利用现代硬件。强大的类型推断和模式匹配与现代、轻量级的语法相结合，使复杂的想法能够以清晰简洁的方式表达。因此，代码不仅更易于编写，而且更易于阅读和维护。 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | **简单入门Swift基础语法，可以学习 👉 [**A Swift Tour**](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/guidedtour)，强烈建议硬刚英文，因为技术性英文只需要坚持一段时间，就可以适应，并不很难，尤其现在又有很多翻译工具可以辅助。** 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | Swift官方已经整理了相当全面的文档资料，并且很容易进行访问和学习，更新也很及时，下面直接罗列一下官方文档链接： 28 | 29 | [**Introduction**](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language#welcome-to-swift) - [**Guide**](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language#language-guide) - [**Reference**](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language#language-reference) - [**Revision History**](https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/documentation/the-swift-programming-language/revisionhistory) 30 | 31 | 因为官方文档是英文的，有英文阅读能力的建议直接学习官方文档，不太擅长英文的也建议硬刚，对于一些官方文档中需要深入学习的部分，再单独写文章进行挖掘。 32 | 33 | {{}} 34 | {{% tab name="MacOS" %}} 35 | 按下**Command**键同时再去点击链接，可以在新的浏览器窗口打开页面 36 | {{% /tab %}} 37 | {{% tab name="Windows" %}} 38 | 按下**Ctrl**键同时再去点击链接，可以在新的浏览器窗口打开页面 39 | {{% /tab %}} 40 | {{}} 41 | 42 | {{% notice note %}} 43 | 当然也有对应的 [**Swift语言中文翻译**](https://swiftgg.gitbook.io/swift)，由于相对于英文版时效性比较差，并不能保持和Swift当前版本一样的更新进度，优先推荐学习官方英文版。 44 | {{% /notice %}} 45 | 46 | 如果你已经学习完基础的Swift语法，接触过一些Apple平台的项目，同时对视频学习也比较接受，也可以直接学习 **[WWDC]** 历年的视频集合，不过由于视频太多，全部学习不太现实，可以找自己比较侧重和关心的部分重点学习，这里苹果也提供了一个针对开发者的App，可以直接在应用内访问相关的学习资源：**[Developer]** 47 | 48 | 49 | [WWDC]: https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/ 50 | [Developer]: https://apps.apple.com/cn/app/apple-developer/id640199958 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftpm/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "SwiftPM" 3 | date: 2020-07-25T20:05:58+08:00 4 | chapter: true 5 | weight: 3 6 | pre: "3. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | # SwiftPM 10 | 11 | `Swift Package Manager`简称`SwiftPM`或`SPM`，是用来管理Swift代码分发的工具，它与Swift构建系统集成在一起，可以自动处理代码的下载、编译和依赖链接。`Swift 3.0`及之后的版本中默认包含`Swift Package Manager`。 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | Swift通过模块来组织代码，每一个模块都有一个对应的命名空间，模块中包含的代码会指定哪些部分可以被外部访问，哪些代码只能在模块内部使用。对于一个程序，可能所有的代码都写在一个模块中，也可能这个程序依赖了其它人写的模块。除了系统提供的模块可以被程序依赖以外，大部分情况下，我们写程序所依赖的其它模块都需要被先下载到本地，然后按指定顺序进行编译。 16 | 17 | 假设为了解决一个特定的问题我们写了一个模块，如果其它场景或其它人也要解决同样的问题，就可以把这个已经写好的模块直接拿过来使用，不需要重新再写一遍，这就是使用模块的好处。模块可以被复用，来提高生产效率。 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | 在`Swift Package Manager`中，有几个概念需要先明确一下： 22 | - **包(Package)**: 一个包具体由Swift源码文件、清单文件(manifest)及资源文件(图片、视频、音频、文本等)组成。清单文件命名为`Package.swift`，使用`PackageDescription`模块定义了这个包的名称及包中包含的具体内容。从概念上来看，一个包中可能包含一个或多个编译目标(Target), 每一个编译目标会依赖一些其它的模块，一个编译目标经过编译器处理后会生成一个产物(Product)。 23 | - **产物(Product)**: 一个编译目标(Target)经过编译器处理后生成的产物可以分为两类：`库(library)`和`可执行文件(executable)`。`库(library)`中可以包含多个模块，`可执行文件(executable)`可以被操作系统调起运行。 24 | - **依赖(Dependency)**: 一个编译目标(Target)可能需要依赖其它模块才能被编译器成功编译生成产物，而依赖的模块可能存在于其它的包中。我们描述依赖的时候通常会使用一个URL及对应的版本号来指定，`Swift Package Manage`的作用就是自动的处理一个项目所依赖的所有包的下载工作并调用Swift工具链进行编译。一个包内部还会依赖其它包，这是一个递归的过程，可以用一棵依赖树来表示，`Swift Package Manager`就是解析这棵依赖树，下载所有的包并执行编译任务生成对应产物。 25 | 26 | 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftpm/spm_in_cli.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "命令行下的SPM" 3 | date: 2020-11-24T02:22:36+08:00 4 | weight: 1 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## 查看命令行帮助信息 8 | 9 | Swift工具链安装完成后，可以在控制台下使用下面命令查看Swift Package Manager的使用方法: 10 | 11 | ```bash 12 | swift package --help 13 | ``` 14 | 15 | 可以看到下面的帮助信息： 16 | 17 | ```bash 18 | $ swift package --help 19 | 20 | OVERVIEW: Perform operations on Swift packages 21 | 22 | SEE ALSO: swift build, swift run, swift test 23 | 24 | USAGE: swift package 25 | 26 | OPTIONS: 27 | --package-path 28 | Specify the package path to operate on (default current directory). This changes the working directory before any other operation 29 | --cache-path 30 | Specify the shared cache directory path 31 | --config-path 32 | Specify the shared configuration directory path 33 | --security-path 34 | Specify the shared security directory path 35 | --scratch-path 36 | Specify a custom scratch directory path (default .build) 37 | --enable-dependency-cache/--disable-dependency-cache 38 | Use a shared cache when fetching dependencies (default: true) 39 | --enable-build-manifest-caching/--disable-build-manifest-caching 40 | (default: true) 41 | --manifest-cache 42 | Caching mode of Package.swift manifests (shared: shared cache, local: package's build directory, none: disabled (default: shared) 43 | -v, --verbose Increase verbosity to include informational output 44 | --very-verbose, --vv Increase verbosity to include debug output 45 | --disable-sandbox Disable using the sandbox when executing subprocesses 46 | --enable-netrc/--disable-netrc 47 | Load credentials from a .netrc file (default: true) 48 | --netrc-file 49 | Specify the .netrc file path. 50 | --enable-keychain/--disable-keychain 51 | Search credentials in macOS keychain (default: true) 52 | --resolver-fingerprint-checking 53 | (default: strict) 54 | --enable-prefetching/--disable-prefetching 55 | (default: true) 56 | --force-resolved-versions, --disable-automatic-resolution, --only-use-versions-from-resolved-file 57 | Only use versions from the Package.resolved file and fail resolution if it is out-of-date 58 | --skip-update Skip updating dependencies from their remote during a resolution 59 | --disable-scm-to-registry-transformation 60 | disable source control to registry transformation (default: disabled) 61 | --use-registry-identity-for-scm 62 | look up source control dependencies in the registry and use their registry identity when possible to help deduplicate across the two origins (default: disabled) 63 | --replace-scm-with-registry 64 | look up source control dependencies in the registry and use the registry to retrieve them instead of source control when possible (default: disabled) 65 | -c, --configuration 66 | Build with configuration (default: debug) 67 | -Xcc Pass flag through to all C compiler invocations 68 | -Xswiftc Pass flag through to all Swift compiler invocations 69 | -Xlinker Pass flag through to all linker invocations 70 | -Xcxx Pass flag through to all C++ compiler invocations 71 | --triple 72 | --sdk 73 | --toolchain 74 | --sanitize Turn on runtime checks for erroneous behavior, possible values: address, thread, undefined, scudo 75 | --auto-index-store/--enable-index-store/--disable-index-store 76 | Enable or disable indexing-while-building feature (default: autoIndexStore) 77 | --enable-parseable-module-interfaces 78 | -j, --jobs The number of jobs to spawn in parallel during the build process 79 | --emit-swift-module-separately 80 | --use-integrated-swift-driver 81 | --experimental-explicit-module-build 82 | --print-manifest-job-graph 83 | Write the command graph for the build manifest as a graphviz file 84 | --build-system 85 | (default: native) 86 | --enable-dead-strip/--disable-dead-strip 87 | Disable/enable dead code stripping by the linker (default: true) 88 | --static-swift-stdlib/--no-static-swift-stdlib 89 | Link Swift stdlib statically (default: false) 90 | --version Show the version. 91 | -h, -help, --help Show help information. 92 | 93 | SUBCOMMANDS: 94 | clean Delete build artifacts 95 | purge-cache Purge the global repository cache. 96 | reset Reset the complete cache/build directory 97 | update Update package dependencies 98 | describe Describe the current package 99 | init Initialize a new package 100 | _format 101 | diagnose-api-breaking-changes 102 | Diagnose API-breaking changes to Swift modules in a package 103 | dump-symbol-graph Dump Symbol Graph 104 | dump-pif 105 | dump-package Print parsed Package.swift as JSON 106 | edit Put a package in editable mode 107 | unedit Remove a package from editable mode 108 | config Manipulate configuration of the package 109 | resolve Resolve package dependencies 110 | show-dependencies Print the resolved dependency graph 111 | tools-version Manipulate tools version of the current package 112 | generate-xcodeproj Generates an Xcode project. This command will be deprecated soon. 113 | compute-checksum Compute the checksum for a binary artifact. 114 | archive-source Create a source archive for the package 115 | completion-tool Completion tool (for shell completions) 116 | plugin Invoke a command plugin or perform other actions on command plugins 117 | 118 | See 'swift help package ' for detailed help. 119 | ``` 120 | 121 | ## 具体使用方法 122 | 123 | 就像帮助信息中所列的，命令行下使用SPM的格式如下： 124 | 125 | ``` 126 | swift package 127 | ``` 128 | 129 | 因为选项太多，我们在具体使用过程中可以在需要的时候从命令行帮助信息中查询，这里我们主要学习下这些子命令的使用方法，关于子命令的具体使用帮助信息，可以使用命令：`swift help package `在控制台随时进行查询学习 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftpm/spm_in_xcode.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "Xcode中的SPM" 3 | date: 2020-11-24T03:22:36+08:00 4 | weight: 2 5 | --- 6 | 7 | Xcode本身自带Swift工具链，从Swift 3.0开始，已经集成了Swift Package Manager功能，所以安装成功后就可以直接使用SPM相关功能 8 | 9 | 在Xcode中使用SPM功能，主要是通过图形界面进行操作的 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "SwiftUI" 3 | date: 2020-04-29T01:41:31+08:00 4 | weight: 2 5 | chapter: true 6 | pre: "2. " 7 | --- 8 | 9 | ![swiftui](images/swiftui-96x96_2x.png) 10 | 11 | ## SwiftUI 12 | 13 | 借助 SwiftUI，您可以利用 Swift 的强大功能打造适合各个 Apple 平台的精美 app，而无需编写大量代码。SwiftUI 让您只需使用一套工具和 API，就能在任何 Apple 设备上为所有用户带来更加出色的体验。 14 | 15 | ![less code better app](images/swiftui-lesscode-betterapp.png) 16 | 17 | ## SwiftUI 新功能 18 | 19 | - **先进的 app 体验和工具**：您可以利用新功能增强您的 app，例如改进的列表视图、更好的搜索体验，以及对控制专注模式的支持。此外，还可以利用新的画布 API 这个 drawRect 的现代 GPU 加速替代方案，提高对底层绘图语言的控制。 20 | 21 | - **辅助功能改进**：利用新的 Rotor API，以简单列表形式在屏幕上显示最相关的项目，从而加快互动速度。当前的辅助功能焦点状态 (例如旁白光标) 现在可以朗读出来，甚至可以通过编程方式进行更改。而借助新的辅助功能表示 API，您的自定控件即可轻松继承现有标准 SwiftUI 控件的完整辅助功能支持。 22 | 23 | - **macOS 上的 SwiftUI 改进**：新的性能与 API 可用性改进，包括多列表格支持，让您的 macOS app 变得更加出色。 24 | 25 | - **全天候视网膜显示屏支持**：在 Apple Watch Series 5 及更新机型上，全天候视网膜显示屏让 watchOS app 即使在表盘变暗后，也能始终显示，重要信息一目了然。 26 | 27 | - **适用于 iPadOS 的小组件**：现在，小组件可以放在主屏幕中的任意位置上，而且尺寸进一步增大，带来全新的超大小组件。 28 | 29 | ## 声明式语法 30 | 31 | SwiftUI 采用声明式语法，您只需声明用户界面应具备的功能便可。例如，您可以写明您需要一个由文本栏组成的项目列表，然后描述各个栏位的对齐方式、字体和颜色。您的代码比以往更加简单直观和易于理解，可以节省您的时间和维护工作。 32 | 33 | ```swift 34 | import SwiftUI 35 | 36 | struct Content: View { 37 | 38 | @State var model = Themes.listModel 39 | 40 | var body: some View { 41 | 42 | List(model.items, action: model.selectItem) { item in 43 | 44 | Image(item.image) 45 | 46 | VStack(alignment: .leading) { 47 | 48 | Text(item.title) 49 | 50 | Text(item.subtitle).color(.gray) 51 | 52 | } 53 | } 54 | } 55 | } 56 | ``` 57 | 58 | 这种声明式风格甚至适用于动画等复杂的概念。只需几行代码，就能轻松地向几乎任何控件添加动画并选择一系列即时可用的特效。在运行时，系统会处理所有必要的步骤和中断因素，来保证您的代码流畅运行、保持稳定。实现动画效果是如此简单，您还能探索新的方式让 app 更生动出彩。 59 | 60 | ## 设计工具 61 | 62 | Xcode 包含直观的设计工具，只需拖放操作就能使用 SwiftUI 轻松构建界面。当您在设计画布中操作时，您的每一项编辑都会与相邻编辑器中的代码保持完全同步。在您键入时代码会立即以预览形式显示，您对预览进行的任何更改会立即反映在您的代码中。Xcode 会即时重新编译您的更改，并将它们插入到 app 的运行版本中，方便您随时查看和编辑。 63 | 64 | ![swiftui-design-tools](images/swiftui-design-tools.png) 65 | 66 | - **拖放操作**：只需在画布上拖放控件，就能调整组件在用户界面中的位置。点按打开检查器，即可选择字体、颜色、对齐方式和其他设计选项，并可通过光标轻松重新排列控件。多数这些可视化编辑器也可在代码编辑器中使用，因此您可以使用检查器来探索各个控件的新修饰符，即使您偏好手动编写界面组件代码也没问题。您还可以将控件从资源库拖放到设计画布上，或者直接拖放到代码中。 67 | 68 | - **动态替换**：Swift 编译器和运行时已全面嵌入到 Xcode 中，您可以随时构建和运行您的 app。您看到的设计画布不仅看起来像是用户界面——它确实就是您实时运行的 app。此外，借助 Swift 中新推出的“动态替换”功能，Xcode 可以直接在实时运行的 app 中替换编辑后的代码。 69 | 70 | - **预览**：您现在可以为任何 SwiftUI 视图创建一个或多个预览来获取样本数据。用户能看见的任何内容 (例如大字体、本地化或深色模式)，你几乎都能配置。预览也可以显示您的 UI 在任何设备和方向上的呈现效果。 71 | 72 | ## 所有苹果设备原生支持SwiftUI 73 | 74 | ![all platforms](images/swiftui-all-platforms.png) 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | SwiftUI是在苹果设备上创建用户界面的一种现代方法。可以更快的创建漂亮且充满活力的应用。 79 | 80 | ![swiftui introduction](images/swiftui-introduction.png) 81 | 82 | ## 只需要描述一次布局 83 | 84 | 声明式描述任何状态下的视图内容和布局。SwiftUI知道视图何时发生状态改变，并及时刷新对应状态下的视图内容。 85 | 86 | ![](images/swiftui-code-list.png) 87 | 88 | ![](images/swiftui-code-list-preview.png) 89 | 90 | ## 构建可复用组件 91 | 92 | 把多个目标单一的小视图组合成功能复杂的大视图进而组合成复杂的用户界面。同时自定义的视图还可以在不同的苹果平台设备应用开发中复用。 93 | 94 | ![](images/swiftui-feature-card.png) 95 | 96 | ![](images/swiftui-feature-card-preview.png) 97 | 98 | ## 简化动画效果实现 99 | 100 | 创建流畅的动画效果仅仅需要添加一个方法调用就可以完成。SwiftUI负责在必要时进行动画效果的内部计算和转场处理。 101 | 102 | ![](images/swiftui-animation.png) 103 | 104 | ![](images/swiftui-animation-preview.png) 105 | 106 | ## Xcode中实时预览 107 | 108 | 不需要实际运行应用就可以完成设计、构建和测试工作。使用交互式的预览功能来测试你开发的控件和页面布局。 109 | 110 | ![](images/swiftui-xcode-live-preview.png) 111 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "应用设计与布局" 3 | date: 2020-04-29T02:22:36+08:00 4 | weight: 30 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 深入了解使用SwiftUI创建的复杂的用户界面的结构和布局 8 | 9 | ![app design and layout](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/app_design_and_layout.png?width=20pc) 10 | 11 | 12 | ### 包含章节 13 | 14 | {{% children style="li" %}} 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/docs/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.gif: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/c36470b9527dfb313ea561307625154bd7d8401f/docs/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.gif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "组合复杂用户界面" 3 | date: 2020-05-19T23:15:25+08:00 4 | weight: 1 5 | --- 6 | 7 | `Landmarks`应用的首页是一个纵向滚动的地标类别列表，每一个类别内部是一个横向滑动列表。随后将构建应用的页面导航，这个过程中可以学习到如果组合各种视图，并让它们适配不同的设备尺寸和设备方向。 8 | 9 | {{%attachments title="项目文件" style="blue" pattern=".*zip" /%}} 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | ### 第一节 添加一个首页视图 14 | 15 | 已经创建了所有在`Landmarks`应用中需要的视图，现在给应用创建一个首页视图，把之前创建的视图整合起来。首页不仅仅包含之前创建的视图，它还提供页面间导航的方式，同时也可以展示各种地标信息。 16 | 17 | ![section 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section1.png?width=20pc) 18 | 19 | **步骤1** 创建一个名为`CategoryHome.swift`的自定义视图文件 20 | 21 | ![section 1 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step1.png?width=20pc) 22 | 23 | **步骤2** 把应用的场景代理(scene delegate)的根视图从之前的地标列表视图更改为新创建的首页视图。现在应用启动后的每一个页面就是首页了，所以还需要添加从首页导航跳转到其它页面的方法。 24 | 25 | ![section 1 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step2.png?width=40pc) 26 | 27 | **步骤3** 添加`NavigationView`，这个`NavigationView`将会容纳`Landmarks`应用中其它不同的视图。配合使用`NavigationView`、`NavigationLink`及相关的修改器，就可以构建出应用的页面间导航结构 28 | 29 | ![section 1 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step3.png?width=50pc) 30 | 31 | **步骤4** 设置导航栏标题为`Featured` 32 | 33 | ![section 1 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section1-step4.png?width=50pc) 34 | 35 | ### 第二节 创建地标类别列表 36 | 37 | `Landmarks`应用为了便于用户浏览各种类别的地标，将地标按类别竖向排列形成列表视图，对于每一个类别内的具体地标，又把它们按照水平方向排列，形成横向列表。组合使用垂直栈(vertical statck)和水平栈(horizontal stack)并给列表添加滚动 38 | 39 | ![section 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section2.png?width=20pc) 40 | 41 | **步骤1** 使用`Dictionary`结构体的初始化方法`init(grouping:by:)`，把地标数据的类别属性`category`传入作为分组依据，可以把地标数据按类别分组。工程文件中已经为每一个地标样本数据预定义了类别。 42 | 43 | ![section 2 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section2-step1.png?width=30pc) 44 | 45 | **步骤2** 使用`List`显示地标数据的类别。`Landmark.Category`是枚举类型，它的值标识列表中每一种类别，可以保证类别不会有重复定义 46 | 47 | ![section 2 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section2-step2.png?width=50pc) 48 | 49 | ### 第三节 添加针对单个类别的地标行列表 50 | 51 | `Landmarks`应用对每个类别下的地标采用横向滑动的行进行展示。添加一个新的视图类型用来表示这样一个地标行，然后使用这个新创建的行类型具体展示某一具体类型上的所有地标。 52 | 53 | ![section 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/add-rows-landmarks.gif?width=20pc) 54 | 55 | **步骤1** 定义一个新的视图类型，用来展示地标类别行的内容。新建行视图需要存放地标具体类别的展示数据 56 | 57 | ![section 3 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step1.png?width=50pc) 58 | 59 | **步骤2** 更新`CategoryHome.swift`的代码，把地标类别信息传给新建的行视图类型 60 | 61 | ![section 3 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step2.png?width=50pc) 62 | 63 | **步骤3** 在`CategoryRow.swift`中使用一个`HStack`展示类别下的地标内容 64 | 65 | ![section 3 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step3.png?width=50pc) 66 | 67 | **步骤4** 为行内容指定一个高度，并把行内容嵌入到`ScrollView`中，以支持横向滑动。预览视图时，可以多增加几个地标数据，用来查看列表的滑动是否正常。 68 | 69 | ![section 3 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section3-step4.png?width=50pc) 70 | 71 | ### 第四节 组合首页 72 | 73 | `Landmarks`应用的首页在用户点击查看地标详情前需要先把地标的一些简单信息展示出来。复用之前创建的视图构建具体某一类别地标的行视图 74 | 75 | ![section 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section4.png?width=20pc) 76 | 77 | **步骤1** 在`CategoryRow.swift`文件中，与`CategoryRow`类型并列，创建一个新的自定义视图类型`CategoryItem`，用这个新的视图类型替换`CategoryRow`的地标名称`Text`控件 78 | 79 | ![section 4 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step1.png?width=50pc) 80 | 81 | **步骤2** 在`CategoryHome.swift`中，添加一个名为`FeaturedLandmarks`的简单视图，这个视图用来显示地标数据中`isFeatured`属性为真的那些地标。在之后的教程中，会把`FeaturedLandmarks`这个视图修改成一个交互式轮播图。目前，这个视图仅仅展示一张缩放和剪裁后的地标图片。 82 | 83 | ![section 4 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step2.png?width=50pc) 84 | 85 | **步骤3** 把视图的边距设置为0，让展示内容可以尽量贴着屏幕边沿 86 | 87 | ![section 4 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section4-step3.png?width=50pc) 88 | 89 | ### 第五节 90 | 91 | 现在所有类别的地标都可以在首页视图中展示出来，用户还需要能够进入应用其它页面的方法。使用页面导航和相关API来实现用户从应用首页到地标详情页、收藏列表页及用户个人中心页的跳转。 92 | 93 | ![section 5](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5.png?width=20pc) 94 | 95 | **步骤1** 在`CategoryRow.swift`中，把`CategoryItem`视图包裹在`NavigationLink`视图中。`CategoryItem`这时做为跳转按钮的内容，`destination`指定点击`NavigationLink`按钮时要跳转的目标视图。 96 | 97 | ![section 5 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step1.png?width=50pc) 98 | 99 | ![section 5 step 1 gif](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step1.gif?width=20pc) 100 | 101 | **步骤2** 使用`renderingMode(_:)`和`foregroundColor(_:)`这两个属性修改器来改变地标类别项的导航样式。做为`NavigationLink`标签的`CategoryItem`中的文本会使用`Environment`中的强调颜色，图片可能以模板图片的方式渲染，这些都可以使用属性修改器来调整，达到最佳效果。 102 | 103 | ![section 5 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step2.png?width=50pc) 104 | 105 | **步骤3** 在`CategoryHome.swift`中，添加一个模态展示的用户信息展示页，点击了用户图标时弹出展示。当状态`showProfile`被置为`true`时，展示用户信息页，当`showProfile`状态置为`false`时，用户信息页消失。 106 | 107 | ![section 5 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step3.png?width=50pc) 108 | 109 | **步骤4** 在导航条上添加一个按钮，用来切换`showProfile`状态的值：`true`或者`false` 110 | 111 | ![section 5 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step4.png?width=50pc) 112 | 113 | ![section 5 step 4 gif](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step4.gif?width=10pc) 114 | 115 | **步骤5** 在`CategoryHome.swift`中添加一个跳转链接，点击时跳转到全部地标的筛选页面。 116 | 117 | ![section 5 step 5](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.png?width=50pc) 118 | 119 | ![section 5 step 5 gif](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/composing_complex_interfaces.files/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step5.gif?width=20pc) 120 | 121 | **步骤6** 把`LandmarkList.swift`中的把包裹地标列表视图的`NavigationView`移动到对应的预览视图中。因为在应用中，`LandmarkList`总是会被展示在`CategoryHome.swift`定义的导航视图中。 122 | 123 | ![section 5 step 6](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-app-design-layout-section5-step6.png?width=50pc) 124 | 125 | ### 检查是否理解 126 | 127 | **问题1** 对于`Landmarks`这个应用来说，哪一个视图是它的根视图？ 128 | 129 | - [ ] SceneDelegate 130 | - [ ] Landmarks 131 | - [X] CategoryHome 132 | 133 | **问题2** `CategoryHome`这个视图是如何与应用的其它视图联动起来的 134 | 135 | - [ ] 在不同地标之间复用图片资源 136 | - [ ] 与其它视图使用一致的命名规范和属性修改器语法 137 | - [X] 使用导航结构把地标应用中所有视图连接在一起 138 | 139 | **问题3** 下面哪段代码可以将一个普通视图转化为一个具体点击导航功能的视图 140 | 141 | - [ ] ![problem 3 answer 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer1.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 142 | - [X] ![problem 3 answer 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer2.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 143 | - [ ] ![problem 3 answer 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/swiftui-drawing-animation-problem3-answer3.png?width=30pc&classes=border) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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在项目文件导航栏的`Landmarks`文件组下面新建一个名为`Profile`的文件组，并在这个新建的文件组下面添加一个新视图`ProfileHost`, 这个新视图包含一个`TextView`，用来展示用户名称。`ProfileHost`将会展示静态概要信息，同时支持编辑模式 26 | 27 | ![secion 1 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step1.png?width=50pc) 28 | 29 | **步骤2** 用步骤1创建的`ProfileHost`替换`Home.swift`中的静态文本`Text`视图。现在主页中的`profile`按钮点击时可以调起一个用户简介页面了 30 | 31 | ![secion 1 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step2.png?width=50pc) 32 | 33 | **步骤3** 创建一个新的视图命名为`ProfileSummary`，它会持有一个`Profile`实例，并显示一些用户的基本信息。`Profile`概要视图持有一个`Profile`对像的原因是，因为它的父视图`ProfileHost`管理着视图的状态，它不能与`Profile`进行绑定。 34 | 35 | ![secion 1 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step3.png?width=50pc) 36 | 37 | **步骤4** 更新`ProfileHost`文件，显示新的概要视图 38 | 39 | ![secion 1 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step4.png?width=50pc) 40 | 41 | **步骤5** 创建一个名为`HikeBadge`的新视图，这个新视图由`Badge`视图和一些描述性文字构成。`Badge`仅仅是一个图形，在`HikeBadge`视图中的文本与`accessibility(label:)`属性修改器一起，可以让这个徽章对用户更加清晰。注意`frame(width:height:)`的两种不同的用法用来配置徽章以不同的缩放尺寸显示。 42 | 43 | ![secion 1 step 5](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step5.png?width=50pc) 44 | 45 | **步骤6** 更新`ProfileSummary`文件，添加几个不同的徽章代表用户得到的不同徽章 46 | 47 | ![secion 1 step 6](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step6.png?width=50pc) 48 | 49 | **步骤7** 把`HikeView`包含在`ProfileSummary`页面中后，就完成了第一节的实践内容了。 50 | 51 | ![secion 1 step 7](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section1-step7.png?width=50pc) 52 | 53 | ### 第二节 添加编辑模式 54 | 55 | 用户需要能够在浏览模式和编辑模式之间进行切换来查看或者修改用户简介的信息。通过在`ProfileHost`上添加一个`Edit Button`，然后创建一个用来编辑简介信息的页面。 56 | 57 | ![secion 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2.png?width=20pc) 58 | 59 | **步骤1** 添加一个`Enviornment`视图属性，用来使用`\.edit`模式。可以使用这个属性来读写当前编辑模式。 60 | 61 | ![secion 2 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2-step1.png?width=30pc) 62 | 63 | **步骤2** 创建一个编辑按钮，可以切换编辑模式 64 | 65 | ![secion 2 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2-step2.png?width=50pc) 66 | 67 | **步骤3** 更新`UserData`类，包含一个Profile实例，即使用户简介页面消失后也可以存储编辑后的信息 68 | 69 | ![secion 2 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2-step3.png?width=30pc) 70 | 71 | **步骤4** 从环境变量中读取用户简介信息，并把数据传递给`ProfileHost`视图的控件上进行展示。为了在编辑状态下修改简介信息后确认修改前避免更新全局状态(例如在编辑用户名的过程中)，编辑视图在一个备份属性中进行相应的修改操作，确认修改后，才把备份属性同步到全局应用状态中。 72 | 73 | ![secion 2 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2-step4.png?width=30pc) 74 | 75 | **步骤5** 添加一个条件视图，可以用来显示静态用户简介视图或者是用户简介视图的编辑模式。当前的编辑模式只支持静态文本框的编辑。 76 | 77 | ![secion 2 step 5](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section2-step5.png?width=50pc) 78 | 79 | ### 第三节 定义简介编辑器 80 | 81 | 用户简介编辑器包含几个单独的控件用来修改对应简介信息。在简介中，一些项例如徽章是不可以编辑修改的，所以它们不会出现在简介编辑器中。为了保持简介在编辑模式和浏览模式的一致性，需要按照简介页面各项相同的顺序进行添加。 82 | 83 | **步骤1** 创建一个名为`ProfileEditor`的新视图，并绑定用户简介中的草稿。视图中的第一个控件是`TextField`，用来更新用户名字段值。创建`TextField`时要提供一个标签和一个绑定字符串。 84 | 85 | ![secion 3 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section3-step1.png?width=50pc) 86 | 87 | **步骤2** 更新`ProfileHost`中的条件内容，让它包含条件编辑器并把简单的绑定关系传递给简介编辑器。现在当你点击`Edit`按钮，简介视图就会变成编辑模式了。 88 | 89 | ![secion 3 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section3-step2.png?width=50pc) 90 | 91 | **步骤3** 添加一个切换开关，用来设置用户是否接收相关地标事件的推送通知。这个`Toggle`控件打开和关闭正好对应着布尔值的`true`或`false`。 92 | 93 | ![secion 3 step 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section3-step3.png?width=50pc) 94 | 95 | **步骤4** 把一个`Picker`和一个`Text`放在`VStack`结构里，让这个地标可以选择不同季节。 96 | 97 | ![secion 3 step 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section3-step4.png?width=50pc) 98 | 99 | **步骤5** 最后，在季节图片选择器下方添加一个`DatePicker`，用来修改地标的目标浏览日期 100 | 101 | ![secion 3 step 5](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section3-step5.png?width=50pc) 102 | 103 | ### 第四节 延迟编辑传播 104 | 105 | 在编辑模式时，使用用户简介信息的备份进行修改，当用户确认进行修改后，再用修改的备份信息覆盖真正的用户信息。直到用户退出编辑模式前都不让编辑的备份生效。 106 | 107 | ![secion 4](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section4.png?width=20pc) 108 | 109 | **步骤1** 在`ProfileHost`视图上添加一个取消按钮。不像编辑模式按钮提供的完成按钮，取消按钮不会应用修改后的简介备份信息到实际的简介数据上。 110 | 111 | ![secion 4 step 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section4-step1.png?width=40pc) 112 | 113 | **步骤2** 当用户点击完成按钮后，使用`onAppear(perform:)`和`onDisappear(perform:)`来更新或保存用户简介数据。下一次进入编辑模式时，使用上一次的用户简介数据来展示。 114 | 115 | ![secion 4 step 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-section4-step2.png?width=40pc) 116 | 117 | ### 检查是否理解 118 | 119 | **问题1** 编辑状态改变时，怎样更新一个视图，例如，当用户编辑了用户简介信息后点击完成按钮的情况下，是怎么更新一个视图的 120 | 121 | - [ ] ![problem 1 answer 1](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer1.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 122 | - [X] ![problem 1 answer 2](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer2.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 123 | - [ ] ![problem 1 answer 3](/swiftui/app_design_and_layout/images/working-with-ui-controls-problem1-answer3.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 124 | 125 | **问题2** 什么情况下需要添加一个`accessiblity`标签，使用`accessibility(label:)`修改器? 126 | 127 | - [ ] 在应用的每一个视图都添加一个`accessibility`标签 128 | - [X] 当可以让用户界面元素对用户变的更清晰时，添加一个`accessibility`标签 129 | - [ ] 只有当你没有给视图清加tag时才可以使用`accessibility(label:)` 130 | 131 | **问题3** 模态和非模态视图展示有什么差别？ 132 | 133 | - [ ] 当模态展示一个视图时，源视图设置目标视图的编辑模式 134 | - [ ] 当非模态展示一个视图时，目标视图会盖住源视图并且替代当前的导航栈 135 | - [X] 当模态展示一个视图时，目标视图盖住源视图并替换当前导航栈 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/_index.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "绘制和动画" 3 | date: 2020-04-29T02:21:18+08:00 4 | weight: 20 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 学习绘制形状和路径，并创建徽章和添加动画 8 | 9 | ![drawing and animation](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/drawing_and_animation.png?width=20pc) 10 | 11 | ### 包含章节 12 | 13 | {{% children style="li" %}} 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/AnimatingViewsAndTransitions.zip: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/c36470b9527dfb313ea561307625154bd7d8401f/docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/AnimatingViewsAndTransitions.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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/docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/with-animation-interrupt.gif: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/c36470b9527dfb313ea561307625154bd7d8401f/docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/with-animation-interrupt.gif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title: "视图动画和转场" 3 | date: 2020-05-07T23:20:35+08:00 4 | weight: 2 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 使用SwiftUI可以把视图状态的改变转成动画过程，`SwiftUI`会处理所有复杂的动画细节 8 | 9 | 在这篇中，会给跟踪用户徒步的图表视图添加动画。使用`animation(_:)`修改器给一个视图添加动画效果非常容易 10 | 11 | 下载起步项目并跟着本篇教程一步步实践，或者查看本篇完成状态时的工程代码去学习 12 | 13 | {{%attachments title="项目文件" style="blue" pattern=".*zip" /%}} 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | ### 第一节 给每个视图单独添加动画 18 | 19 | 在视图上使用`animation(_:)`修改器时，`SwiftUI`会在视图的任何可进行动画的属性发生改变时产生对应的动画效果。视图的颜色、不透明度、旋转角度、大小及一些其它属性都是可进行动画的 20 | 21 | ![animate button](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-drawing-path-and-shape-animate-button.png?width=20pc) 22 | 23 | **步骤1** 在`HikeView.swift`中，打开实时预览，体验一下图表的打开和隐藏，此时的状态改变时是没有添加动画效果的。在本篇的实践中，保持实时预览一直打开，每一步修改的效果就可以实时的看到 24 | 25 | ![live preview animation](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/live-preview-animations.gif?width=20pc) 26 | 27 | **步骤2** 给显示/隐藏切换的箭头按钮添加旋转动画，会发现现在按钮点击时的旋转有一个动画过渡的效果了 28 | 29 | ![rotate button animation](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-animation.png?width=30pc) 30 | 31 | ![rotate button animation video](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/rotate-button-aniamtion.gif?width=20pc) 32 | 33 | **步骤3** 当视图从隐藏到展示时，让切换按钮变大1.5倍 34 | 35 | ![rotate button scale](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-scale.png?width=30pc) 36 | 37 | ![rotate button scale video](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/rotate-button-animation-scale.gif?width=20pc) 38 | 39 | **步骤4** 把动画的类型从`easeInOut`改为`spring()`。SwiftUI包含一些预设或可自定义的动画类型，像`弹簧(spring)`动画和类型`液体(fluid)`动画类型。可以调整动画开始前的等待时长、动画的速度也可以指定让动画循环重复的进行 40 | 41 | ![rotate button spring](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transtion-rotate-button-spring.png?width=30pc) 42 | 43 | **步骤5** 如果只想让按钮具有缩放动画而不进行旋转动画，可以在`scaleEffect`添加`animation(nil)`来实现。可以在这里做一些实验，如果把其它的一些动画效果结合在一起，会怎么样 44 | 45 | ![rotate button no rotate](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-no-rotate.png?width=30pc) 46 | 47 | **步骤6** 学下一节之前，把本节中添加的`animation(_:)`修改器都去掉 48 | 49 | ![rotate button resume](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-rotate-button-resume.png?width=30pc) 50 | 51 | ### 第二节 把视图的状态改态转化成动画效果 52 | 53 | 已经学会了给单个视图添加动画的方法，现在可以学习怎么在视图的状态发生改变时添加动画效果。当用户点击按钮时会切换`showDetail`状态的值，在视图变化过程中添加动画效果。 54 | 55 | ![state change](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transtion-state-change.png?width=10pc) 56 | 57 | **步骤1** 把`showDetail.toggle()`包裹在`withAnimation`函数调用块中。`showDetail`的改变影响了视图`HikeDetail`和详情切换按钮，在显示/隐藏详情的过程中都有了过滤动画效果。 58 | 59 | ![with_animation block](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/with-animation-block.gif?width=50pc) 60 | 61 | 放慢动画速度，可以观察`SwiftUI`动画在被中断下是怎么运作的 62 | 63 | **步骤2** 给`withAnimation`传入一个`时长4秒`的基本动画参数`.easeInOut(duration:4)`，可以指定动画过程时长，给`withAnimation`传入的动画参数与`.animation(_:)`修改器可用参数一致。 64 | 65 | ![with animation duration block](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/with-animation-duration.gif?width=50pc) 66 | 67 | **步骤3** 在动画过程进行中点击按钮切换视图状态，查看对应的动画被中断时的效果 68 | 69 | ![with animation interrupt](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/with-animation-interrupt.gif?width=20pc) 70 | 71 | **步骤4** 读下一节之前，把动画时长参数(`.easeInOut(duration: 4)`)去掉，让动画不再缓慢进行。 72 | 73 | ### 第三节 定制视图转场动画 74 | 75 | 默值情况下，视图离屏和入屏时的动画效果是`渐隐/渐现`， 这个默认的转场效果可以使用`transition(_:)`修改器进行定制。 76 | 77 | ![transitions](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/customize-view-transitions.gif?width=20pc) 78 | 79 | **步骤1** 给`HikeView`视图添加`transition(_:)`修改器，并定制转场参数为`.slide`，转场动画为`滑入/滑出` 80 | 81 | ![transition slide](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/transition-slide.gif?width=40pc) 82 | 83 | **步骤2** 可以把`滑入/滑出`这种转场动画封装起来，方便其它视图复用同样的转场效果 84 | 85 | ![custom transition effect](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-custom-transition.png?width=30pc) 86 | 87 | **步骤3** 在`moveAndFade`转场效果的定义中使用`move(edge:)`，让滑入/滑出从屏幕的同一边进行 88 | 89 | ![move and fade custom](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/custom-move-and-fade.gif?width=50pc) 90 | 91 | **步骤4** 使用`asymmetric(insertion:removal:)`修改器来定制视图显示/消失时的转场动画效果 92 | 93 | ![custom move and fade slide scale](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/custom-move-and-fade-slide-scale.gif?width=50pc) 94 | 95 | ### 第四节 组合复杂的动画效果 96 | 97 | 点击图表下面的三个按钮，会在三个不同的数据集间进行切换并展示。本节中会使用组合动画，让图表在不同数据集间切换时的转换动画流畅自然。 98 | 99 | ![combine animation](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-combine-animation.png?width=20pc) 100 | 101 | **步骤1** 把`showDetail`的默认值改为`true`，并把`HikeView`的预览模式视图固定在画布上。这样可以在编辑其它文件时，依然看到动画效果的变化。 102 | 103 | ![pin canvas](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-pin-canvas.png?width=50pc) 104 | 105 | **步骤2** 在`HikeGraph.swift`中定义了一个新的`波动`动画，并把它与`滑入/滑出`动画一起应用到图表视图上。 106 | 107 | ![hike graph ripple](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-hike-graph-ripple.png?width=50pc) 108 | 109 | **步骤3** 把动画切换为弹簧动画(`spring`)，并设置弹簧阻尼系数为`0.5`，动画过程中产生了逐渐回弹效果 110 | 111 | ![spring animation](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/hike-graph-transition-spring-animation.gif?width=50pc) 112 | 113 | **步骤4** 加速弹簧动画的执行速度，缩短切换图表的时间 114 | 115 | ![spring animation speed](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/spring-animation-speed.gif?width=50pc) 116 | 117 | **步骤5** 以当条形在图表中的位置为参数，添加延迟效果，图表中的每个条形会顺序动起来 118 | 119 | ![spring animation index based delay](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/animating_views_and_transitions.files/spring-animation-delay-index-based.gif?width=50pc) 120 | 121 | **步骤6** 观察一下自定义`波动(rippling)`效果是怎么作用在视图转场中的 122 | 123 | ### 检查是否理解 124 | 125 | **问题1** 怎样从一串动画效果调用中，去掉其中的一种动画效果。以下面的代码为例，怎样去掉旋转动画 126 | 127 | ![problem 1](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-problem1.png?width=20pc) 128 | 129 | - [X] ![a1](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-1.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 130 | - [ ] ![a2](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-2.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 131 | - [ ] ![a3](/swiftui/drawing_and_animation/images/swiftui-animation-transition-problem1-3.png?width=30pc&classes=border) 132 | 133 | **问题2** 当你开发动画的过程上，为什么要把预览视图固定在画布上？ 134 | 135 | - [ ] 为了固定动画过程中的当前帧 136 | - [ ] 为了在多个设备配置开发中预览动画效果 137 | - [X] 为了在切换到其它不同文件时，固定显示当前视图的预览 138 | 139 | **问题3** 在视图状态改变时，如何快速测试一个动画在被中断时的表现 140 | 141 | - [ ] 在包含`animation(_:)`修改器的代码行上打一个断点，然后单步按动画帧进行测试 142 | - [X] 调整动画的持续时长，让动画在足够长的时间内完成，这样就可以调整动画的细节 143 | - [ ] 重复的调用`sleep(100)`来减慢动画的执行 144 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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essentials](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-essentials.png?width=20pc) 10 | 11 | 12 | ### 包含章节 13 | 14 | {{% children style="li" %}} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/building_lists_and_navigation.files/BuildingListsAndNavigation.zip: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/c36470b9527dfb313ea561307625154bd7d8401f/docs/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/building_lists_and_navigation.files/BuildingListsAndNavigation.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/building_lists_and_navigation.files/swiftui-building-list-landmark-list-preview.gif: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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在`Landmark`应用中，标记喜爱的地方，过滤地标列表，只显示喜欢的地标。要增加这些特性，首先要在列表上添加一个开关，用来过滤用户喜欢的地标。在地标上添加一个星标按钮，用户可以点击它来标记这个地标为自己喜欢的。 8 | 9 | 下载工程文件并且跟着下面的教程实践 10 | 11 | {{%attachments title="项目文件" style="blue" pattern=".*zip" /%}} 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ### 第一节 标记用户最喜欢的地标 16 | 17 | ![mark-favorite](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-mark-favorite.png?width=20pc) 18 | 19 | 给地标列表的每一行添加一个星标用来表示用户是否标记该地标为自己喜欢的 20 | 21 | **步骤1** 打开工程项目，在项目导航下选择`LandmarkRow.swift`文件 22 | 23 | **步骤2** 在空白占位后面添加一个`if`表达式，`if`表达式判断是否当前地标是用户喜欢的，如果用户标记当前地标为喜欢就显示星标。可以在SwitUI的代码块中使用`if`语句来条件包含视图 24 | 25 | **步骤3** 由于系统图片是矢量类型的，可以使用`foregroundColor(_:)`来改变它的颜色。当地标landmark的`isFavorite`属性为真时，星标显示，稍后会讲怎么修改属性值。 26 | 27 | ![star](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-star.png?width=50pc) 28 | 29 | ### 第二节 过滤列表 30 | 31 | 可以定制地标列表，让它只显示用户喜欢的地标，或者显示所有的地标。要实现这个功能，需要给`LandmarkList`视图类型添加一些状态变量。 32 | 33 | `状态(State)`是一个值或者一个值的集合，会随着时间而改变，同时会影响视图的内容、行为或布局。在属性前面加上`@State`修饰词就是给视图添加了一个状态值 34 | 35 | ![state](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-state.png?width=20pc) 36 | 37 | **步骤1** 选择`LandmarkList.swift`文件，并给`LandmarkList`添加一个名为`showFavoritesOnly`的状态，初始值设置为`false` 38 | 39 | **步骤2** 点击`Resume`按钮或快捷键`Command+Option+P`刷新画布。当对视图进行添加或修改属性等结构性改变时，需要手动刷新画布 40 | 41 | **步骤3** 代码中通过检查`showFavoritesOnly`属性和每一个地标的`isFavorite`属性值来过滤地标列表所展示的内容 42 | 43 | ![state favorite](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-state-favorite.png?width=50pc) 44 | 45 | ### 第三节 添加控件来切换状态 46 | 47 | 为了让用户控制地标列表的过滤器，需要添加一个可以修改`showFavoritesOnly`值的控件，传递一个绑定关系给`toggle`控件可以实现 48 | 49 | 一个绑定关系(`binding`)是对可变状态的引用。当用户点击`toggle`控件，从开到关或从关到开，`toggle`控件会通过绑定关系对应的更新视图的状态 50 | 51 | ![toggle state](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-toggle-state.png?width=20pc) 52 | 53 | **步骤1** 创建一个嵌套的`ForEach`组来把地标数据转换成地标行视图。在一个列表中组合静态和动态视图，或者组合两个甚至多个不同的动态视图组，使用`ForEach`类型动态生成而不是给列表传入数据集合生成列表视图 54 | 55 | **步骤2** 添加一个`Toggle`视图作为列表的每一个子视图，传入一个`showFavoritesOnly`的绑定关系。使用`$`前缀来获得一个状态变量或属性的绑定关系 56 | 57 | **步骤3** 实时预览模式下，点击`Toggle`控件来验证过滤器的功能 58 | 59 | ![toggle binding](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-toggle-binding.png?width=50pc) 60 | 61 | ![live preview](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/handling_user_input.files/toggle-state-live-preview.gif?width=20pc) 62 | 63 | ### 第四节 使用可观察对象来存储数据 64 | 65 | 要实现用户标记哪个地标为自己喜爱的地标这个功能，需要使用可观察对象(`observalble object`)存放地标数据 66 | 67 | 可观察对象是一种可以绑定到具体SwifUI视图环境中的数据对象。`SwiftUI`可以察觉它影响视图展示的任何变化，并在这种变化发生后及时更新对应视图的展示内容 68 | 69 | ![observable](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-observable.png?width=10pc) 70 | 71 | **步骤1** 创建一个名为`UserData.swift`的文件 72 | 73 | **步骤2** 声明一个遵循`ObservableObject`协议的新数据模型，`ObservableObject`协议来自响应式框架`Combine`。SwiftUI可以订阅可观察对象，并在数据发生改变时更新视图的显示内容 74 | 75 | **步骤3** 添加存储属性`showFavoritesOnly`和`landmarks`，并赋予初始值。可观察对象需要对外公布内部数据的任何改动，因此订阅此可观察对象的订阅者就可以获得对应的数据改动信息 76 | 77 | **步骤4** 给新建的数据模型的每一个属性添加`@Published`属性修饰词 78 | 79 | ![combine](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-combine.png?width=40pc) 80 | 81 | ### 第五节 视图中适配数据模型对象 82 | 83 | 已经创建了`UserData`可观察对象，现在要改造视图，让它使用这个新的数据模型来存储视图内容数据 84 | 85 | ![model](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-model.png?width=30pc) 86 | 87 | **步骤1** 在`LandmarkList.swift`文件中，使用`@EnvironmentObject`修饰的`userData`属性来替换原来的`showFavoritesOnly`状态属性，并对预览视图调用`environmentObject(_:)`修改器。只要`environmentObject(_:)`修改器应用在视图的父视图上，`userData`就能够自动获取它的值。 88 | 89 | **步骤2** 替换原来使用`showFavoritesOnly`状态属性的地方，改为使用`userData`中的对应属性。与`@State`修饰的属性一样，也可以使用`$`前缀访问`userData`对象的成员绑定引用 90 | 91 | **步骤3** 创建`ForEach`实例时使用`userData.landmarks`做为数据源 92 | 93 | ![envrionment object](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-list-environment.png?width=50pc) 94 | 95 | **步骤4** 在`SceneDelegate.swift`中，对`LandmarkList`视图调用`environmentObject`修改器，这样可以把`UserData`的数据对象绑定到`LandmarkList`视图的环境变量中，子视图可以获得父视图环境中的变量。此时如果在模拟器或者真机上运行应用，也可以正常展示视图内容 96 | 97 | ![scene delegate](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-scene-delegate-environment.png?width=40pc) 98 | 99 | **步骤5** 更新`LandmarkDetail`视图，让它从父视图的环境变量中取要展示的数据。之后在更新地标的用户喜爱状态时，会用到`landmarkIndex`这个变量 100 | 101 | ![landmark detail environment](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-landmark-detail-environment.png?width=40pc) 102 | 103 | **步骤6** 切换到`LandmarkList.swift`文件，并打开实时预览视图去验证所添加的功能是否正常工作 104 | 105 | ![landmark list environment](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/handling_user_input.files/landmarklist-environment.gif?width=20pc) 106 | 107 | ### 第六节 为每一个地标创建一个喜爱按钮 108 | 109 | `Landmark`这个应用可以在喜欢和不喜欢的地标列表间进行切换了，但喜欢的地标列表还是硬编码形成的，为了让用户可以自己标记哪个地标是自己喜欢的，需要在地标详情页添加一个标记喜欢的按钮 110 | 111 | ![favorite button](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-favorite-button.png?width=20pc) 112 | 113 | **步骤1** 在`LandmarkDetail.swift`的`HStack`中添加地标名称的`Text` 114 | 115 | **步骤2** 在地标名称的`Text`控件旁边添加一个新的按钮控件。使用`if-else`条件语句设置不同的图片显示状态表示这个地标是否被用户标记为喜欢。在`Button`的动作闭包中，使用了`landmarkIndex`去修改`userData`中对应地标的数据。 116 | 117 | ![favorite star button](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/images/swiftui-handle-user-input-favorite-star-button.png?width=50pc) 118 | 119 | **步骤3** 切换到`landmarkList.swift`，并开启实时预览模式。当从列表页导航进入详情页后，点击喜欢按钮，喜欢的状态会在返回列表页后与列表中对应的地标喜欢状态保持一致，因为列表页和详情页的地标数据使用的是同一份，所以可以在不同页面间保持状态同步。 120 | 121 | ![star button completed](/swiftui/swiftui_essentials/handling_user_input.files/swiftui-handle-user-input-start-completed.gif?width=20pc) 122 | 123 | ### 检查是否理解 124 | 125 | **问题1** 下列选项哪个可以把数据按视图层级关系传递下去？ 126 | 127 | - [ ] `@EnvironmentObject`属性 128 | - [X] `environmentObject(_:)`修改器 129 | 130 | **问题2** 绑定(binding)的作用是什么？ 131 | 132 | - [X] 绑定是值和改变值的方法 133 | - [ ] 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" 7 | +++ 8 | 9 | # 测试驱动开发 10 | 11 | ## Test-Driven Development 12 | 13 | 把需求转换为测试用例，再把测试用例转换成生产环境代码 14 | 15 | 要求熟悉Swift语言与iOS应用开发基本流程 16 | 17 | 测试驱动开发是一种软件开发迭代方法，大体包含四个步骤： 18 | 19 | 1. 写失败的测试用例 20 | 2. 让测试用例通过 21 | 3. 修改代码 22 | 4. 重复整体过程 23 | 24 | 测试驱动开发可以通过写好的测试用例，确保你的软件在现在和未来都可以按照预想的方式正常运行 25 | 26 | 一个好的测试用例包含下面四个特点： 27 | 28 | 1. 条件不满足的情况下会发生失败 29 | 2. 可以被不断的重复执行 30 | 3. 运行耗时很短 31 | 4. 容易维护 32 | 33 | 34 | 测试覆盖率越高并不一定意味着软件被测试的越好了。 35 | 36 | 不需要对所有的逻辑都写测试 37 | 38 | - 通常对那些不能被自动化检测的代码逻辑写测试， 39 | - 自动生成的代码逻辑则没有必要写测试，因为自动生成器应该保证它们自动生成的代码逻辑的正确性 40 | - 对于可以触发编译警告和错误的代码逻辑也不需要写测试，因为编译器会发现它们 41 | - 不要为依赖代码写测试，依赖代码的测试应该由依赖提供方来保证 42 | - 在为了学习某个组件运行逻辑时，也可以写一些临时的测试，但是要记得用完后清理掉 43 | 44 | 45 | 对于测试驱动开发，通常有人会抱怨开发周期太长，耗时又费力。但是如果从长期来看，软件开发的时间成本，不仅仅是开发第一个版本所花费的时间，它应该还包括后期维护时迭代需求、代码重构、问题修复以及重复测试的时间。测试驱动开发从长期来看，是可以为软件开发工作节省整体成本的，同时它可以让问题尽早的暴露在开发阶段，避免造成线上问题 46 | 47 | 48 | ## 什么情况下应该采用TDD开发模式 49 | 50 | 如果你的软件需要长期维护、不断的迭代新功能和发布新版本，并且会不断的集成新功能和一些复杂逻辑，测试驱动开发就适合被引入到软件项目中。如果只是临时项目，测试驱动开发就是看你自己的决定了。 51 | 52 | 总体来说，测试驱动开发只是一种软件开发工具，具体情况还需要具体分析优缺点来决定是否采用 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/tdd/tdd_cycle.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | +++ 2 | title = "TDD 迭代循环" 3 | date = 2022-04-30T18:14:12+08:00 4 | weight = 5 5 | +++ 6 | 7 | 1. 写任何业务代码前，先写一个会失败的测试用例 8 | 2. 写最少的业务代码，让之前写的失败的测试用例通过测试 9 | 3. 重构你的业务代码和测试用例代码 10 | 4. 重复前面三个步骤，确何测试用例通正确通过测试 11 | 12 | 这个不断循环的开发流程被称为:`Red - Green - Refactor`循环 13 | 14 | 在这个循环过程中，可以把编译失败也看做是一次测试失败来处理 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /layouts/partials/footer.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {{ if .Params.chapter }} 2 | 3 | {{ end }} 4 | 5 | {{ partial "custom-comments.html" . }} 6 | 7 | 8 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 |
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59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | {{ if (or (and (ne .Params.disableMermaid nil) (not .Params.disableMermaid)) (not .Site.Params.disableMermaid)) }} 70 | {{ if isset .Params "custommermaidurl" }} 71 | 72 | {{ else if isset .Site.Params "custommermaidurl" }} 73 | 74 | {{ else }} 75 | 76 | {{ end }} 77 | 80 | {{ end }} 81 | {{ if not .Site.Params.disableMathJax }} 82 | 83 | {{ end }} 84 | {{ partial "custom-footer.html" . }} 85 | 86 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /layouts/partials/logo.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /layouts/partials/menu-footer.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |
2 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /layouts/shortcodes/attachments.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {{ $_hugo_config := `{ "version": 1 }` -}} 2 |
3 | 7 |
8 | {{- $filesName := "files" }} 9 | {{- if ne .Page.File.BaseFileName "index" }} 10 | {{- $filesName = printf "%s.files" .Page.File.BaseFileName }} 11 | {{- end}} 12 | {{- $fileDir := replace .Page.File.Dir "\\" "/" }} 13 | {{- $pattern := .Get "pattern" | default "" }} 14 | {{- range (readDir (printf "%s/%s%s" .Site.Params.contentDirName .Page.File.Dir $filesName) ) }} 15 | {{- if findRE $pattern .Name}} 16 | {{- $size := .Size }} 17 | {{- $unit := "Byte" }} 18 | {{- if ge $size 1024 }} 19 | {{- $size = div $size 1024 }} 20 | {{- $unit = "Kilobyte" }} 21 | {{- end}} 22 | {{- if ge $size 1024 }} 23 | {{- $size = div $size 1024 }} 24 | {{- $unit = "Megabyte" }} 25 | {{- end}} 26 |
  • 27 | {{.Name}} 28 | ({{$size}} {{T (print $unit "-symbol")}}) 29 |
    • 30 | {{- end}} 31 | {{- end}} 32 |
    33 | {{- .Inner}} 34 |
    35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /new_chapter: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | hugo new $1 --kind chapter \ 5 | --contentDir="docs" \ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /new_page: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | hugo new $1 \ 5 | --contentDir="docs" \ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /preview: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | #-*- utf-8 -*- 3 | 4 | pkill -9 hugo 5 | hugo \ 6 | --contentDir="docs" \ 7 | --themesDir="themes" \ 8 | --layoutDir="layouts" \ 9 | --config="config.toml" \ 10 | --ignoreCache=true \ 11 | --disableFastRender \ 12 | --navigateToChanged \ 13 | --minify \ 14 | --noBuildLock \ 15 | --noHTTPCache \ 16 | --printMemoryUsage \ 17 | --printPathWarnings \ 18 | --printUnusedTemplates \ 19 | server -D --bind "0.0.0.0" -p 1313 & 20 | sleep 2s 21 | open http://localhost:1313 22 | 23 | 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /static/css/theme-mine.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | :root{ 3 | 4 | --MAIN-TEXT-color:#323232; /* Color of text by default */ 5 | --MAIN-TITLES-TEXT-color: #5e5e5e; /* Color of titles h2-h3-h4-h5 */ 6 | --MAIN-LINK-color:#1C90F3; /* Color of links */ 7 | --MAIN-LINK-HOVER-color:#167ad0; /* Color of hovered links */ 8 | --MAIN-ANCHOR-color: #1C90F3; /* color of anchors on titles */ 9 | 10 | --MENU-HEADER-BG-color:#1C90F3; /* Background color of menu header */ 11 | --MENU-HEADER-BORDER-color:#33a1ff; /*Color of menu header border */ 12 | 13 | --MENU-SEARCH-BG-color:#167ad0; /* Search field background color (by default borders + icons) */ 14 | --MENU-SEARCH-BOX-color: #33a1ff; /* Override search field border color */ 15 | --MENU-SEARCH-BOX-ICONS-color: #a1d2fd; /* Override search field icons color */ 16 | 17 | --MENU-SECTIONS-ACTIVE-BG-color:#20272b; /* Background color of the active section and its childs */ 18 | --MENU-SECTIONS-BG-color:#252c31; /* Background color of other sections */ 19 | --MENU-SECTIONS-LINK-color: #ccc; /* Color of links in menu */ 20 | --MENU-SECTIONS-LINK-HOVER-color: #e6e6e6; /* Color of links in menu, when hovered */ 21 | --MENU-SECTION-ACTIVE-CATEGORY-color: #777; /* Color of active category text */ 22 | --MENU-SECTION-ACTIVE-CATEGORY-BG-color: #fff; /* Color of background for the active category (only) */ 23 | 24 | --MENU-VISITED-color: #33a1ff; /* Color of 'page visited' icons in menu */ 25 | --MENU-SECTION-HR-color: #20272b; /* Color of
    separator in menu */ 26 | 27 | } 28 | 29 | body { 30 | color: var(--MAIN-TEXT-color) !important; 31 | } 32 | 33 | textarea:focus, input[type="email"]:focus, input[type="number"]:focus, input[type="password"]:focus, input[type="search"]:focus, input[type="tel"]:focus, input[type="text"]:focus, input[type="url"]:focus, input[type="color"]:focus, input[type="date"]:focus, input[type="datetime"]:focus, input[type="datetime-local"]:focus, input[type="month"]:focus, input[type="time"]:focus, input[type="week"]:focus, select[multiple=multiple]:focus { 34 | border-color: none; 35 | box-shadow: none; 36 | } 37 | 38 | h2, h3, h4, h5 { 39 | color: var(--MAIN-TITLES-TEXT-color) !important; 40 | } 41 | 42 | a { 43 | color: var(--MAIN-LINK-color); 44 | } 45 | 46 | .anchor { 47 | color: var(--MAIN-ANCHOR-color); 48 | } 49 | 50 | a:hover { 51 | color: var(--MAIN-LINK-HOVER-color); 52 | } 53 | 54 | #sidebar ul li.visited > a .read-icon { 55 | color: var(--MENU-VISITED-color); 56 | } 57 | 58 | #body a.highlight:after { 59 | display: block; 60 | content: ""; 61 | height: 1px; 62 | width: 0%; 63 | -webkit-transition: width 0.5s ease; 64 | -moz-transition: width 0.5s ease; 65 | -ms-transition: width 0.5s ease; 66 | transition: width 0.5s ease; 67 | background-color: var(--MAIN-LINK-HOVER-color); 68 | } 69 | #sidebar { 70 | background-color: var(--MENU-SECTIONS-BG-color); 71 | } 72 | #sidebar #header-wrapper { 73 | background: var(--MENU-HEADER-BG-color); 74 | color: var(--MENU-SEARCH-BOX-color); 75 | border-color: var(--MENU-HEADER-BORDER-color); 76 | } 77 | #sidebar .searchbox { 78 | border-color: var(--MENU-SEARCH-BOX-color); 79 | background: var(--MENU-SEARCH-BG-color); 80 | } 81 | #sidebar ul.topics > li.parent, #sidebar ul.topics > li.active { 82 | background: var(--MENU-SECTIONS-ACTIVE-BG-color); 83 | } 84 | #sidebar .searchbox * { 85 | color: var(--MENU-SEARCH-BOX-ICONS-color); 86 | } 87 | 88 | #sidebar a { 89 | color: var(--MENU-SECTIONS-LINK-color); 90 | } 91 | 92 | #sidebar a:hover { 93 | color: var(--MENU-SECTIONS-LINK-HOVER-color); 94 | } 95 | 96 | #sidebar ul li.active > a { 97 | background: var(--MENU-SECTION-ACTIVE-CATEGORY-BG-color); 98 | color: var(--MENU-SECTION-ACTIVE-CATEGORY-color) !important; 99 | } 100 | 101 | #sidebar hr { 102 | border-color: var(--MENU-SECTION-HR-color); 103 | } 104 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /static/images/favicon.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wangzhizhou/LearnSwift/c36470b9527dfb313ea561307625154bd7d8401f/static/images/favicon.png --------------------------------------------------------------------------------