├── README.md ├── availability_worldwide.md ├── availability_lowersaxony.md ├── availability_europe.md └── availability_germany.md /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # lidar-availability 2 | Gather information about the data availability of lidar data (mainly airborne laserscanning, ALS). 3 | 4 | - ## [Germany](availability_germany.md) 5 | - ## [Europe](availability_europe.md) 6 | - ## [worldwide](availability_worldwide.md) 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /availability_worldwide.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Lidar availability - worldwide 2 | 3 | ### [Canada](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/7069387e-9986-4297-9f55-0288e9676947) 4 | 5 | Canadian Point Cloud data is available as open data (COPC, LAZ 1.4) from [natural-resources.canada.ca](https://natural-resources.canada.ca/science-data/science-research/geomatics/new-lidar-point-clouds-product-canada-you-ve-never-seen) 6 | 7 | Point cloud files are distributed using the compressed .LAZ / Cloud Optimized Point Cloud (COPC) format. 8 | 9 | ### Japan 10 | 11 | ### New Zealand 12 | 13 | ### [USA](https://www.usgs.gov/3d-elevation-program) 14 | 15 | Point Cloud data is available as open data (COPC, LAZ 1.4) from USGS free of charge and without use restrictions. 16 | 17 | An improved national elevation program has the potential to generate $13.5 -billion in new benefits each year once fully operational. [3D Nation Study Final Report](https://www.dewberry.com/services/geospatial-mapping-and-survey/3d-nation-elevation-requirements-and-benefits-study) 18 | 19 | > As of September 2023 approximately 94% of the United States landmass has high-resolution (meeting 3DEP quality specifications) elevation data available or in-progress, including over 2000 unique lidar datasets amounting to more than 57 trillion individual points. 3DEP lidar data are freely available and hosted in an Amazon Web Services public S3 bucket as cloud-native Entwine Point Tiles (EPT), a lossless, streamable, octree format based on LASzip (LAZ) encoding. [opentopography.org](https://opentopography.org/blog/new-collection-jupyter-notebooks-enables-programmatic-access-cloud-hosted-usgs-3d-elevation) 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /availability_lowersaxony.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | ## Lidar availability - Lower Saxony 3 | 4 | Unfortunately ALS data in Lower Saxony is still not available as open data. However, there is a contract which makes the data available to th NW-FVA for research purposes. 5 | First data is available for the year 2010 and since then there have been regular updates from year to year. @fig-als-lower-saxony-year provides an overview on the year of data acquisition in Lower Saxony by region. A constantly updated version is also available from LGLN from [lgln.niedersachsen.de](https://cms.lgln.niedersachsen.de/fb24/dgm1_dom1.pdf). 6 | 7 | 8 | *Availability of ALS data in Lower Saxony by year of acqusition* 9 | ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiesehahn/lidar_exploration/master/results/figures/data_year.png) 10 | 11 | Since one of the main porpuses of ALS data was originally (and still is) the creation of digital terrain models, data is usually collected outside of the vegetation period (leaf-off) to yield a higher penetration rate to the ground. However, the exact date of the flight within each year varies with each campaign. @fig-als-lower-saxony-month provides an overview on the month in which the data was collected. 12 | 13 | 14 | *Availability of ALS data in Lower Saxony by month of acqusition* 15 | ![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiesehahn/lidar_exploration/master/results/figures/data_month.png) 16 | 17 | Since 2020 the first regions had a repeated coverage of ALS data. When, how and where areas will be covered by new campaigns remains unclear, as there is no public information on these plans. According to the [DTM quality standard](https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Standards-und-Produktblaetter/Standards-der-Geotopographie/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=2b14073e-de6b-1f71-96e7-436303dd7d12&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111) there has to be a timeliness of less than 10 years for terrain models, however personal information suggests that additional data is assessed based on the financial scope. 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /availability_europe.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | ## Lidar availability - Europe 3 | 4 | As of 2021 a total of 18 from 32 countries (EU27, Norway, Switzerland, UK, Serbia) are fully covered by LiDAR data. 5 | 6 | Most European countries provide ALS data free of charge, an overview can be seen as a table in a recent publication by https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13644. Another more detailed but also slightly older overview about lidar data availability in Europe was produced by the JRC [https://doi.org/10.2760/212427]. 7 | 8 | ### [Belgium](https://remotesensing.vlaanderen.be/apps/openlidar/#collapseDataDownload) 9 | 10 | - [Flanders](https://remotesensing.vlaanderen.be/apps/openlidar/#collapseDataDownload) 11 | - campaign 1: 0.25 points/m² in 2001-2004 12 | - campaign 2: 8 points/m²in 2013-2015 13 | - [Wallonia](https://geoportail.wallonie.be/lidar) 14 | - campaign 1: 1.5 points/m² in 2013-2014 15 | - campaign 2: 7 points/m² in 2021-2022 16 | - Brussels (?) 17 | - campaign 1: 30 points/m² in 2012 18 | - campaign 2: 67 points/m² in 2021 19 | - Pointcloud, DTM05, DSM05 available as open data 20 | - [source](https://lidarmag.com/2024/09/22/elevations-for-the-nations-part-ii/) 21 | 22 | ### Czech Republic 23 | - Open Data since 2023 24 | 25 | ### [Denmark](https://dataforsyningen.dk/data/3931) 26 | - Open Data [since 2013](https://groups.google.com/g/lastools/c/m2OKr241LOo) 27 | - Open Data [since 2013](https://groups.google.com/g/lastools/c/m2OKr241LOo) 28 | - three national lidar campaigns 29 | - campaign 1: 0.5 points/m² in 2007 30 | - campaign 2: 4-6 points/m² in 2014-2015 31 | - campaign 3: 8-10 points/m² in 2018-2023 32 | - 13 classifications, which include terrain, building, vegetation and bridge points 33 | - DTM04/ DSM04/Pointcloud/... (login required) 34 | - [source](https://lidarmag.com/2023/10/07/elevations-for-the-nations/) 35 | 36 | ### [England](https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/2e8d0733-4f43-48b4-9e51-631c25d1b0a9) 37 | - Open Data [since 2015](https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/2e8d0733-4f43-48b4-9e51-631c25d1b0a9) 38 | - DSM/DTM/Pointcloud 39 | - First data from 2006 40 | - national campaign 41 | - campaign 1: 1-4 points/m² (?) in 2017-2023 42 | - campaign 2: in 2014-? (no full coverage planned) 43 | - [source](https://environment.data.gov.uk/support/faqs/275879146/302907656), [source](https://lidarmag.com/2024/09/22/elevations-for-the-nations-part-ii/) 44 | 45 | ### [Estonia](https://geoportaal.maaamet.ee/eng/Spatial-Data/Geo3D/3D-Data-p836.html) 46 | - four national campaigns 47 | - campaign 1: 0.2-2 points/m² in 2008-2011 48 | - campaign 2: 0.2-2 points/m² in 2012-2015 49 | - campaign 3: in 2017-2020 50 | - campaign 4: in 2021-2024(?) 51 | - additionally cities are covered in a 1- or 2-year-cycle (18 points/m²) 52 | - additionally summertime campaigns cover 1/4 of the terretory each year for forestry purposes 53 | - Pointcloud, DSM1, DTM, CHM1 available as open data 54 | - [source](https://geoportaal.maaamet.ee/eng/Spatial-Data/Elevation-Data-p308.html), [source](https://newsroom.riegl.international/2021/01/25/estonian-land-board-uses-riegl-vq-1560i-airborne-lidar-mapping-system-for-nationwide-coverage/), [source](https://kosmos.ut.ee/en/content/airborne-lidar-measurements-help-forest-owners-detect-changes), [source](https://tech.marksblogg.com/lidar-estonia.html), [source](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC126223/jrc126223_jrc126223_lidaropensourcedata.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiOgubigq-LAxUv_QIHHR25N-4QFnoECCMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0u004Yu7YgAusljJ4iP49u) 55 | 56 | ### [Finland](https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/en/maps-and-spatial-data/expert-users/product-descriptions/laser-scanning-data-5-p) 57 | - Open Data [since 2012](https://groups.google.com/g/lastools/c/XUoOxUlg2kY) 58 | - Pointcloud (0.5 points per m², LAZ 1.2) 59 | - updated annually ([map](https://tilannekartta.maanmittauslaitos.fi/laserkeilaus)) 60 | - two national campaigns 61 | - campaign 1: 0.5 points/m² in 2008-2019 62 | - campaign 2: 5 points/m² in 2020-2025 63 | - six-year cycle 64 | - 12-year program for Northern Lapland 65 | - reduced version (0.5 points/m²) is open data 66 | - [source](https://lidarmag.com/2023/10/07/elevations-for-the-nations/) 67 | 68 | ### [France](https://geoservices.ign.fr/lidarhd) 69 | - national campaign: 10 points/m² in 2021-2026 70 | - Pointcloud, DSM05, DTM05 available as open data 71 | 72 | ### [Lativa](https://www.lgia.gov.lv/lv/Digit%C4%81lais%20virsmas%20modelis) 73 | - national campaign: 4 points/m² in 2013-2019 74 | - Pointcloud, DTM1, DSM1 available as open data 75 | 76 | ### [Liechtenstein](https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/lidar-data-swisstopo) 77 | - same as Switzerland 78 | 79 | ### [Luxembourg](https://lidar.geoportail.lu/) 80 | - campaign 1: 15 points/m² in 2019 81 | - [campaign 2](https://data.public.lu/fr/datasets/lidar-2024-releve-3d-du-territoire-luxembourgeois/): 30 points/m² in 2024 82 | - [about the data](https://data.public.lu/en/datasets/lidar-2019-releve-3d-du-territoire-luxembourgeois/) 83 | - [source](https://lidar.geoportail.lu/), [source](https://data.public.lu/en/datasets/lidar-2019-releve-3d-du-territoire-luxembourgeois/) 84 | 85 | ### [Netherlands](https://www.ahn.nl/) 86 | - Open Data [since 2014](https://groups.google.com/g/lastools/c/Y0fdLGEJ6XE) 87 | - five national campaigns 88 | - campaign 1: ~1 point/m² in 1997-2004 89 | - campaign 2: 6-10 points/m² in 2007-2012 90 | - campaign 3: 6-10 points/m² in 2014-2019 91 | - campaign 4: 10-14 points/m² in 2020-2022 92 | - campaign 5: 10-15 points/m² in 2023-2025 93 | - Pointcloud, DSM05, DTM05 available as open data (since at least 2017) 94 | - point cloud from image matching yearly since 2018 95 | - [source](https://www.ahn.nl/_flysystem/media/ahn4_in_drie_jaar._en_daarna_-_jeroen_leusink_hwh.pdf) 96 | 97 | ### [Norway](https://hoydedata.no/LaserInnsyn2/) 98 | - 2-5 points/m² 99 | - open data 100 | - data from 2016-2022 (?) 101 | 102 | ### [Poland](https://www.geoportal.gov.pl/pl/dane/dane-pomiarowe-lidar-lidar/) 103 | - campaigns in 2011-2019 and in 2021-2026 (?) 104 | - 12-20 points/m² for urban areas (2-year cycle) and 4-6 points/m² for rural areas (5/6 year cycle) (?) 105 | - Pointcloud, DTM1, DSM05 available as open data 106 | 107 | 108 | ### [Portugal]() 109 | - nationwide implementation planned by 2024 110 | - 10 points/m² 111 | - sources: https://lidarmag.com/2023/10/07/elevations-for-the-nations/ 112 | 113 | ### [Scotland](https://remotesensingdata.gov.scot/data#/list) 114 | - Open Data 115 | - considers annual laser scan ([The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/12/scotland-annual-laser-scan-monitor-forest-health-aoe), 12.05.2023) 116 | - around 40% of the country available by 2021 ([source](https://maps.nls.uk/guides/lidar/index.html)) 117 | - 2009, 2017-2019, 2021-2022 (no national coverage) 118 | 119 | ### [Slovakia](https://www.geoportal.sk/en/zbgis/als/) 120 | - Open Data (DSM1, DTM1, PointCloud) 121 | - 2017-2023 (>5 pulses per m²) 122 | - 2022-2026 (>15 pulses per m²) 123 | 124 | ### [Slovenia](https://gis.arso.gov.si/evode/profile.aspx?id=atlas_voda_Lidar%40Arso&initialExtent=402591.76%2C39904.09%2C2.64583) 125 | - national campaign: 5 points/m² in 2014-2015 126 | - Pointcloud available as open data (since at least 2017) 127 | - [source](https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072089) 128 | 129 | ### [Spain]() 130 | - three national campaigns 131 | - campaign 1: 0.5 points/m² in 2009-2015 132 | - campaign 2: 0.5-4 points/m² in 2015-2021 133 | - campaign 3: 5 points/m² in 2022-2025 134 | - Open Data (since at least 2017) 135 | - [source](https://lidarmag.com/2023/10/07/elevations-for-the-nations/), [source](https://icaci.org/files/documents/national_reports/2019-2023/Spain-2023.pdf) 136 | 137 | ### [Sweden](https://www.lantmateriet.se/sv/geodata/vara-produkter/produktlista/laserdata-nedladdning-skog/) 138 | - 6-7 year cycle 139 | - 1-2 points/m² 140 | - available as LAZ (LAS 1.4) in 2.5 x 2.5 km tiles 141 | - (0.5 points/m² collected 2009-2019 with no planned repitition in northwestern region) 142 | - classified as 143 | - ground 144 | - water 145 | - bridges 146 | - low point (noise) 147 | - high noise 148 | - Unclassified 149 | - DSM from image matching every 2-10 years depending on region 150 | 151 | 152 | ### [Switzerland](https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/en/height-model-swisssurface3d#download) 153 | 154 | - campaign 1: 0.25 points/m² in 1999-2008 (full coverage up to 2100 m a.s.l.) 155 | - campaign 2: 5-20 points/m² in 2017-2023 ([overview](https://prod-swisstopoch-hcms-sdweb.imgix.net/2023/11/14/f9bed9df-9161-4bdb-90ef-bcaa50edbc2f.jpg?auto=format)) 156 | - campaign 3: 5-20 points/m² in 2024-2029 ([overview](https://prod-swisstopoch-hcms-sdweb.imgix.net/2023/11/14/cf8847eb-64d3-4dcf-9ad9-ced1fd063635.jpg?auto=format)) 157 | - cantonal lidar data might also be available 158 | 159 | [source](https://asit-asso.ch/storage/app/media/events/rencontres_20250212/Rencontres_ASIT_Fevrier-2025_SITN-Riedo.pdf), [source](https://asit-asso.ch/storage/app/media/events/rencontres_20250212/Rencontres_ASIT_Fevrier-2025_swisstopo.pdf) 160 | 161 | - Vaud 162 | - [campaign 1](https://www.vd.ch/territoire-et-construction/cadastre-et-geoinformation/geodonnees/altimetrie-lidar/technologie-lidar/lidar-2001-2006): in 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006 [overview](https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/themes/territoire/cartes/fichiers_pdf/Synoptique_vol_LiDAR.pdf) 163 | - [campaign 2](https://www.vd.ch/territoire-et-construction/cadastre-et-geoinformation/geodonnees/altimetrie-lidar/technologie-lidar/lidar-2015): in 2015 [overview](https://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/themes/territoire/cartes/fichiers_pdf/Carte_Dates_Vols_LiDAR_2015.pdf) 164 | 165 | ### [Wales](https://datamap.gov.wales/maps/lidar-viewer/) 166 | - Open Data since 2015 167 | - latest Data from 2020-2022 168 | - 25cm, 50cm, 1m DTM and DSM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /availability_germany.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | ## Lidar availability - Germany 3 | 4 | ## Federal data 5 | 6 | Geodata collection, administration, and distribution in Germany operates primarily through federal structures managed by the land surveying and cadastral authorities of the 16 federal states. While the *Working Committee of the Surveying Authorities of the States of the Federal Republic of Germany* (AdV) establishes guidelines and standards for digital [terrain models](https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Standards-und-Produktblaetter/Standards-der-Geotopographie/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=2b14073e-de6b-1f71-96e7-436303dd7d12&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111), [surface models](https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Standards-und-Produktblaetter/Standards-der-Geotopographie/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=da14073e-de6b-1f71-96e7-436303dd7d12&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111), and [Point Clouds](https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Standards-und-Produktblaetter/Standards-der-Geotopographie/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=6b510f6e-a708-d081-505a-20954cd298e1&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111), the availability and specifications of airborne laser scanning data vary across space and time. For cross-state applications and nationwide analyses, a comprehensive understanding of data availability is essential to ensure efficient project planning and consistent data quality. This compilation of federal ALS data availability draws from state mapping agencies' official websites, direct communication with authorities and additional sources wehere possible. 7 | 8 | ([source](https://www.adv-online.de/AdV-Produkte/Geotopographie/Digitale-Gelaendemodelle/DGM1/binarywriterservlet?imgUid=7fd603aa-0a3c-a491-d853-6fc506488e77&uBasVariant=11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111)) 9 | 10 | 11 | *Overview about availability of federal ALS data in Germany (detailed information below)* 12 | :white_check_mark: *= open data,* :heavy_dollar_sign: *= processing fee,* :x: *= not available* 13 | :black_circle: *= complete,* :radio_button: *= ongoing* 14 | 15 | | Federal State | DTM | DSM | Point Cloud | # Campaigns | 16 | |-------------------------------|--------------------|--------------------|---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------| 17 | | [Baden-Württemberg](#baden-württemberg) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :heavy_dollar_sign: | :black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 18 | | [Bavaria](#bavaria) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 19 | | [Berlin](#berlin) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle: | 20 | | [Brandenburg](#brandenburg) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::radio_button: | 21 | | [Bremen](#bremen) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :heavy_dollar_sign: | :black_circle::black_circle: | 22 | | [Hamburg](#hamburg) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :black_circle::black_circle::black_circle: | 23 | | [Hesse](#hesse) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 24 | | [Lower Saxony](#lower-saxony) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :heavy_dollar_sign: | :black_circle::radio_button: | 25 | | [Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania](#mecklenburg-western-pomerania) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :heavy_dollar_sign: | :black_circle::radio_button: | 26 | | [North Rhine-Westphalia](#north-rhine-westphalia) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle::black_circle::radio_button::radio_button: | 27 | | [Rhineland-Palatinate](#rhineland-palatinate) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_dollar_sign: | :black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 28 | | [Saarland](#saarland) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle: | 29 | | [Saxony](#saxony) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 30 | | [Saxony-Anhalt](#saxony-anhalt) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::radio_button: | 31 | | [Schleswig-Holstein](#schleswig-holstein) | :white_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :black_circle::radio_button: | 32 | | [Thuringia](#thuringia) | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | :black_circle::black_circle::black_circle::radio_button: | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | ### [Baden-Württemberg](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Laserscandaten/) 37 | 38 | - two statewide ALS campaigns complete, a the third campaign is ongoing 39 | - [campaign 1:](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Laserscandaten/ALS_1/) 0.8 points/m² in 2000-2005 (3-80 €/km², 2/3 classes) 40 | - [campaign 2:](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Laserscandaten/ALS_2/) 8 points/m² in 2016-2021 (10-80 €/km², 5 classes) 41 | - [campaign 3:](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Laserscandaten/ALS_3/) 8 points/m² in 2022-2029 (10-80 €/km², 7 Classes), ([overview](https://www.geoportal-bw.de/?permalinkId=e042e935-16cf-4497-a3b8-47c3ce477afb#/(sidenav:karten))) 42 | - [DTM025](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Digitale-Gelaendemodelle/) and [DSM1](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Digitale-Oberflaechenmodelle/) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2024 43 | - cost of statewide Point Cloud data for one campaign: 720.000 € 44 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://www.lgl-bw.de/Produkte/3D-Produkte/Digitale-Oberflaechenmodelle/bDOM/) available as open data (with processing fee) 45 | - bulk download option (> 5 km²) only for processing fee 46 | 47 | ### [Bavaria](https://geodaten.bayern.de/opengeodata/OpenDataDetail.html?pn=laserdaten) 48 | 49 | - ALS data from 1996-2024, no dedicated campaigns 50 | - approximately 3 observations per area 51 | - 1 point/m² before 2012 52 | - 4 points/m² since 2012 53 | - [DTM1](https://geodaten.bayern.de/opengeodata/OpenDataDetail.html?pn=dgm1) and [Point Cloud](https://geodaten.bayern.de/opengeodata/OpenDataDetail.html?pn=laserdaten) available as open data ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de)) since 2024 54 | - historical data available for processing fee (50 €) 55 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://geodaten.bayern.de/opengeodata/OpenDataDetail.html?pn=dom20) available as open data 56 | - nDOM, tDSM and 3D-Mesh in development 57 | 58 | ### [Berlin](https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/geoinformation/landesvermessung/atkis/de/dom.shtml) 59 | 60 | - one statewide ALS campaign 61 | - 10 points/m² in 2021 62 | - DTM1, DSM1 and [Point Cloud](https://fbinter.stadt-berlin.de/fb/berlin/service_intern.jsp?id=a_als@senstadt&type=FEED) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) 63 | - classes: soil, low vegetation, medium vegetation and high vegetation, outliers and default 64 | - iDSM1 available as open data from march 2022 65 | 66 | 67 | ### [Brandenburg](https://geobasis-bb.de/lgb/de/geodaten/3d-produkte/laserscandaten/) 68 | 69 | - one ALS campaign complete, a second campaign is ongoing 70 | - campaign 1: 1 point/m² in 2008-2012 ([overview](https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/information/aktualitaeten/bb_laserscandaten_2008-2012_aktualitaet.pdf)) 71 | - campaign 2: 5 points/m² in 2017 - ? ([overview](https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/information/aktualitaeten/bb_laserscandaten_aktualitaet.pdf)) 72 | - [DTM1](https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/daten/dgm/tif/) and [Point Cloud](https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/daten/als/laz/) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since end of 2021 73 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/daten/bdom/tif/) available as open data 74 | 75 | 76 | ### [Bremen](https://www.geo.bremen.de/produkte/3d-produkte/hoehenmodelle-12482) 77 | 78 | - two statewide ALS campaigns complete 79 | - campaign 1: in 2012 (Bremen) and 2015 (Bremerhaven) 80 | - campaign 2: in 2017 (Bremen and Bremerhaven) 81 | - DTM1 and [DSM1](https://metaver.de/trefferanzeige?docuuid=5FDCE552-8111-46D3-9B13-A27A84EC1447&q=laserscanning) available as open data ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de)) since 2024 82 | - iDSM (5 cm) from 2021 (40 €/km²) 83 | - [Point Cloud](https://metaver.de/trefferanzeige?docuuid=9AEAE758-FC12-4D9E-AF5E-68537A678588) data for 80 €/km² 84 | 85 | 86 | ### [Hamburg](https://metaver.de/trefferanzeige?docuuid=A39B4E86-15E2-4BF7-BA82-66F9913D5640#detail_overview) 87 | 88 | - three statewide ALS campaigns complete 89 | - campaign 1: 15 points/m² in 2010 90 | - campaign 2: 15 points/m² in 2020 91 | - campaign 3: 15 points/m² in 2022 92 | - [DTM1](https://metaver.de/trefferanzeige?docuuid=A39B4E86-15E2-4BF7-BA82-66F9913D5640#detail_overview) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2024 93 | - Point Cloud not available due to privacy concerns (neither open data nor commercial) 94 | - DSM1 based on ALS data not available (neither open data nor commercial) 95 | - [iDSM1](https://metaver.de/trefferanzeige?docuuid=2AB332A1-B1B6-4706-9546-33F0B1EADB6D&q=dom+hamburg&f=#detail_overview) from 2018 and 2020 available as open data 96 | 97 | 98 | ### [Hesse](https://hvbg.hessen.de/landesvermessung/geotopographie/3d-daten/airborne-laserscanning) 99 | 100 | - two statewide ALS campaigns complete, a third campaign is ongoing 101 | - campaign 1: 4 points/m² in 2009-2014 102 | - campaign 2: 8 points/m² in 2015-2021 103 | - campaign 3: 8 points/m² in 2021-2027, ([overview](https://gds.hessen.de/INTERSHOP/static/WFS/HLBG-Geodaten-Site/-/HLBG-Geodaten/de_DE/Downloadcenter/Daten/3D-Daten/Aktualit%C3%A4t_3D_0.pdf)) 104 | - 6-year repetition cycle 105 | - [DTM1](https://gds.hessen.de/INTERSHOP/web/WFS/HLBG-Geodaten-Site/de_DE/-/EUR/ViewDownloadcenter-Start?path=3D-Daten/Digitales%20Gel%C3%A4ndemodell%20(DGM1)), [DSM1](https://gds.hessen.de/INTERSHOP/web/WFS/HLBG-Geodaten-Site/de_DE/-/EUR/ViewDownloadcenter-Start?path=3D-Daten/Digitales%20Oberfl%C3%A4chenmodell%20(DOM1)) and Point Cloud available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2022 106 | 107 | 108 | ### [Lower Saxony](https://www.lgln.niedersachsen.de/startseite/geodaten_karten/3dgeobasisdaten/3dmessdaten/3d-messdaten-142870.html) 109 | 110 | - ALS data from 1996-2024, no dedicated campaigns 111 | - approximately 1-2 observations per area 112 | - 0.06-0.25 points/m² in 1996-2003 (11% of state area) 113 | - 3.5-10 points/m² in 2008-2013 114 | - 4 points/m² since 2015 (start of statewide aquisition) ([overview](https://cms.lgln.niedersachsen.de/fb24/dgm1_dom1.pdf)) 115 | - 8 points/m² since 2023/2024 116 | - 6-year cycle since 2023/2024 117 | - RGBI data included since 2023/2024 118 | - [DTM1](https://ni-lgln-opengeodata.hub.arcgis.com/apps/lgln-opengeodata::digitales-gel%C3%A4ndemodell-dgm1/about) and [DSM1](https://ni-lgln-opengeodata.hub.arcgis.com/apps/lgln-opengeodata::digitales-oberfl%C3%A4chenmodell-dom1/about) available as open data ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de)) since 2024 119 | - Point Cloud data available for 3.75-30 €/km² 120 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://ni-lgln-opengeodata.hub.arcgis.com/apps/lgln-opengeodata::bildbasiertes-digitales-oberfl%C3%A4chenmodell-bdom20/about) available as open data 121 | 122 | 123 | ### [Mecklenburg Western Pomerania](https://www.laiv-mv.de/Geoinformation/Geobasisdaten/Oberflaechenmodelle/) 124 | 125 | - one statewide ALS campaign complete, a second campaign is ongoing (?) 126 | - campaign 1: 4-5 points/m² in 2015-2024 ([overview](https://www.geoportal-mv.de/dienste/karten_akt_uebersicht_file/Uebersicht_Verfuegbarkeit_ALS-Daten.pdf)) 127 | - [DTM1](https://laiv.geodaten-mv.de/afgvk/Geotopographie/Download?produkt=DGM1) and [DSM1](https://www.laiv-mv.de/Geoinformation/Geobasisdaten/Oberflaechenmodelle/) available as open data ([CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de)) since 2024 128 | - Point Cloud available for 10-80 €/km² 129 | - iDSM (10 cm) available for 5-20 €/km² 130 | - DTM and DSM based on old data, orthophotos are also mentioned as data source 131 | 132 | 133 | ### [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de/geobasis-nrw/produkte-und-dienste/hoehenmodelle/3d-messdaten) 134 | 135 | - ALS data since 1996, no dedicated campaigns 136 | - approximately 3-5 observations per area 137 | - since 1996: first data with 0.04 points/m² 138 | - since 2005: 1 point/m² 139 | - since 2012: 6-year repetition cycle 140 | - since 2013: 4 points/m² 141 | - since 2019: 5-year repetition cycle 142 | - [DTM1](https://www.opengeodata.nrw.de/produkte/geobasis/hm/dgm1_tiff/dgm1_tiff/), [DSM1](https://www.opengeodata.nrw.de/produkte/geobasis/hm/dom1_tiff/dom1_tiff/) and [Point Cloud](https://www.opengeodata.nrw.de/produkte/geobasis/hm/3dm_l_las/3dm_l_las/) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2017 143 | - historical data available on request 144 | - [iDSM (50 cm)](https://www.opengeodata.nrw.de/produkte/geobasis/hm/bdom50_las/bdom50_las/) available as open data 145 | 146 | 147 | ### [Rhineland-Palatinate](https://lvermgeo.rlp.de/de/produkte/geotopografie/3d-geodaten/digitale-gelaendemodelle-dgm/) 148 | 149 | - statewide ALS campaign complete 150 | - campaign 1: 4 points/m² in 2002-2013 (?) 151 | - campaign 2: 8 points/m² in 2014-2021 (?) 152 | - campaign 3: 8 points/m² in 2022-2025 (?) ([overview](https://lvermgeo.rlp.de/fileadmin/lvermgeo/pdf/geodaten/Aktualitaet_Laserscanbefliegung.pdf)) 153 | - [DTM1](https://geobasis-rlp.de/data/dgm1/) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2024 154 | - full [Point Cloud](https://geobasis-rlp.de/data/las/) not available as open data 155 | - object points (first returns) and terrain points (last returns) available as open data 156 | - DSM1 based on ALS data not available (neither open data nor commercial) 157 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://geobasis-rlp.de/data/bdom20rgbi/) available as open data 158 | - historical data available on request for processing fee (75 €/hour) 159 | - [source](https://lvermgeo.rlp.de/fileadmin/lvermgeo/pdf/produktblaetter/Laserpunkte.pdf) 160 | 161 | 162 | ### [Saarland](https://www.shop.lvgl.saarland.de/) 163 | 164 | - two statewide ALS campaigns complete, a third campaign is planned 165 | - campaign 1: 2-3 points/m² in 2006 166 | - campaign 2: 8 points/m² in 2015-2016 167 | - campaign 3: likely in 2025 168 | - [DTM1](https://www.shop.lvgl.saarland.de/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&view=category&virtuemart_category_id=1060&Itemid=156), [DSM1](https://www.shop.lvgl.saarland.de/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&view=category&virtuemart_category_id=1066&Itemid=156) and [Point Cloud](https://www.shop.lvgl.saarland.de/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&view=category&virtuemart_category_id=1067&Itemid=156) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2024 169 | - only thinned Point Cloud available with 4 points/m² and without intensity values 170 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://www.shop.lvgl.saarland.de/index.php?option=com_virtuemart&view=category&virtuemart_category_id=1117&Itemid=156) available as open data 171 | 172 | 173 | ### [Saxony-Anhalt](https://geodatenportal.sachsen-anhalt.de/gfds/de/gdp-open-data.html) 174 | 175 | - one statewide ALS campaign complete, a second campaign is ongoing 176 | - campaign 1: 4 points/m² in 2009 177 | - campaign 2: 4 points/m² in 2015-2025 ([overview](https://www.lvermgeo.sachsen-anhalt.de/datei/anzeigen/id/17602,501/Uebersicht_als.pdf)) 178 | - [DTM1](https://www.lvermgeo.sachsen-anhalt.de/de/gdp-dgm-dom-lsa.html) and [Point Cloud](https://www.lvermgeo.sachsen-anhalt.de/de/gdp-klassifizierte-laserscanergebnisse.html) basically available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2023 179 | - currently only available for a small region (Halle) through open data platform, other data on request for processing fee of 190€ per dataset plus fee for processing time 180 | - 6-year cycle planned 181 | - DSM1 based on ALS data not available (neither open data nor commercial) 182 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://www.lvermgeo.sachsen-anhalt.de/de/gdp-dom-bdom-lsa.html) available as open data 183 | 184 | 185 | ### [Saxony](https://www.geodaten.sachsen.de/downloadbereich-digitale-hoehenmodelle-4851.html) 186 | 187 | - two statewide ALS campaigns complete, a third campaign is ongoing 188 | - campaign 1: in 2005-2012 ([overview](https://geoviewer.sachsen.de/mapviewer/resources/apps/bildflug/index.html?lang=de&stateId=18ca179c-8e20-4315-8a17-9c8e2063152d)) 189 | - campaign 2: 4 points/m² in 2015-2020 190 | - campaign 3: 4 points/m² in 2020-2026 191 | - 6-year cycle since 2020/2021 ([planned overview](https://www.landesvermessung.sachsen.de/prod_dhm_stadt/plan_dhm_stadt.pdf)) 192 | - [DTM1, DSM1 and Point Cloud](https://www.landesvermessung.sachsen.de/download-offene-geodaten-und-testdaten-8647.html) available as open data ([dl-by-de/2.0](https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0)) since 2019 193 | - [source](https://www.landesvermessung.sachsen.de/digitale-hoehen-und-stadtmodelle-8641.html) 194 | 195 | ### [Schleswig-Holstein](https://www.schleswig-holstein.de/DE/Landesregierung/LVERMGEOSH/Service/serviceGeobasisdaten/geodatenService_Geobasisdaten_DGM.html) 196 | 197 | - one statewide ALS campaign complete, a second campaign is ongoing 198 | - campaign 1: in 2005-2007 199 | - campaign 2: 4 points/m² in 2021-2026 200 | - [DTM1](https://geodaten.schleswig-holstein.de/gaialight-sh/_apps/dladownload/dl-dgm1.html) available as open data since 2023 201 | - [iDSM (20 cm)](https://geodaten.schleswig-holstein.de/gaialight-sh/_apps/dladownload/dl-bdom.html) available as open data, updated every 2 years 202 | - Point Cloud and DSM1 based on ALS data not available (neither open data nor commercial) 203 | - DSM1 is in preparation 204 | 205 | 206 | ### [Thuringia](https://www.geoportal-th.de/de-de/Downloadbereiche/Download-Offene-Geodaten-Th%C3%BCringen/Download-H%C3%B6hendaten) 207 | 208 | - three statewide ALS campaigns complete, a fourth campaign is ongoing 209 | - campaign 1: 0.05-1.8 points/m² in 1996-2006 210 | - campaign 2: 4 points/m² in 2010-2013 211 | - campaign 3: 4 points/m² in 2014-2019 212 | - campaign 4: in 2020-2025, ([overview](https://tlbg.thueringen.de/fileadmin/TLBG/Vertrieb/uebersichten/dgm/tlbg-uebersicht-dgm-2020-2025_.pdf)) 213 | - 6-year cycle 214 | - [DTM1, DSM1 and Point Cloud](https://geoportal.thueringen.de/gdi-th/download-offene-geodaten/download-hoehendaten) available as open data since 2017 215 | 216 | 217 | ## National data 218 | 219 | According to [Virtanen et al. (2017)](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6080243) "topographic databases maintained by national mapping agencies are currently the most common nationwide data sets in geo-information", however this is not true for Germany. Until now there is no single data set which is available for entire Germany. Instead there are datasets with varying conditions by each federal state. However, there are ongoing efforts to generate such data. The project Digital Twin Germany aims to acquire high density Point Cloud data for Germany. The project is run by the *Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy* (BKG), Germany's national mapping agency. Data acquisition was supposed to start in 2023 and the goal was to have a data set for entire Germany by 2024, with at least one repetition some years later. It was also planned that the data would be mapped by Geiger-Mode or Single Photon Sensor (Leica SPL100) in the vegetation period [Hopfstock et al. (2021)](https://doi.org/10.12902/zfv-0379-2021). Current plans are to collect data for all of Germany in the vegetation period in 2024 and 2025. It is expected that the entire dataset is available at the end of 2026, with first data in summer 2025. However, data is primarily meant for national agencies and most likely only a subset will be available as open data. 220 | 221 | ### [Digital Twin Germany](https://www.bkg.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/BKG/DE/PM_2021/211013-Digitaler_Zwilling.html) 222 | 223 | - coordinated by BKG 224 | - data primarily meant for government agencies 225 | - case study applied to Hamburg in Winter 2022 with SPL100 226 | - data collection 227 | - in the vegetation period (March to October) 228 | - originally planned for 2023-2024 229 | - currently planned for 2024-2025 230 | - 8 lots flown by different companies (Hexagon, BSF Swissphoto, GEOREAL, FLYCOM) with different sensors (Leica SPL100, Riegl VQ1460, Riegl VQ1560 II-S) 231 | - collected in 2024: northern Mecklenburg Western Pomerania, Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, western Baden-Württemberg, northeast Bavaria 232 | - repetition (3-5 year cycle) is targeted but unclear 233 | - data properties 234 | - point density >=40 pts/m² 235 | - simultaneous with RGB data 236 | - classes 237 | - Building 238 | - Bridge 239 | - Water 240 | - Ground 241 | - Power lines 242 | - Low Vegetation 243 | - Medium Vegetation 244 | - High Vegetation 245 | - Objects above ground 246 | - Low Noise 247 | - High Noise 248 | - Unclassified 249 | - 1.5 PByte data expected 250 | - Derived products 251 | - Point Cloud with RGB-color (10 points/m²) 252 | - DTM (50 cm) 253 | - DSM (25 cm) 254 | - classified objects (trees, wind turbines, ...) 255 | - Data provision 256 | - thinned Point Cloud (10 points/m²) available as open data (planned) 257 | - first data expected in summer 2025 (for national agencies) 258 | - derived products with delay 259 | - entire data expected end of 2026 260 | 261 | (sources of information: [source1](https://web.archive.org/web/20230401163651/https://www.business-geomatics.com/2022/11/17/zwillinge-gross-gedacht/), [source2](https://www.bkg.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/BKG/DE/Downloads-Forschung/digitaler-zwilling-praesentation.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2), [source3](https://www.bdvi.de/application/files/8716/9565/1129/FORUM_3-2023_Digitaler_Zwilling.pdf), [source4](http://www.eurosdr.net/sites/default/files/images/inline/8-digital_twin_of_germany.pdf), [source5](https://ausschreibungen-deutschland.de/2014266_Befliegung_DigiZDEReferenznummer_der_Bekanntmachung_B_1214_-_090722VV__1_2023_Bonn), [source6](https://wiki.gdi-de.org/x/NwBCTw), [source7](https://fragdenstaat.de/anfrage/informationen-zum-projekt-digitaler-zwilling-deutschland/)) 262 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------