├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── echo ├── Makefile ├── client.cc ├── client.h ├── echo-client.cc ├── echo-server.cc ├── server.cc └── server.h ├── simple-echo ├── Makefile ├── client.cc ├── server.cc └── slow-server.cc ├── tests ├── parseTest.py └── test-messages.txt └── unix-echo ├── Makefile ├── client.cc ├── client.h ├── server.cc ├── server.h ├── unix-client.cc ├── unix-client.h ├── unix-echo-client.cc ├── unix-echo-server.cc ├── unix-server.cc └── unix-server.h /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Compiled Programs 2 | echo-server-simple 3 | echo-client-simple 4 | echo-server-slow 5 | echo-server 6 | echo-client 7 | unix-echo-server 8 | unix-echo-client 9 | 10 | # Emacs Backup 11 | *~ 12 | 13 | # Dependencies 14 | *.d 15 | 16 | # Compiled Object files 17 | *.slo 18 | *.lo 19 | *.o 20 | 21 | # Compiled Dynamic libraries 22 | *.so 23 | *.dylib 24 | 25 | # Compiled Static libraries 26 | *.lai 27 | *.la 28 | *.a 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 2, June 1991 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 5 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 8 | 9 | Preamble 10 | 11 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 12 | freedom to share and change it. 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It is safest 289 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 290 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 291 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 292 | 293 | Socket programming examples in C++ 294 | Copyright (C) 2013 Daniel Zappala 295 | 296 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 297 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 298 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 299 | (at your option) any later version. 300 | 301 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 302 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 303 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 304 | GNU General Public License for more details. 305 | 306 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 307 | with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 308 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 309 | 310 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 311 | 312 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 313 | when it starts in an interactive mode: 314 | 315 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 316 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 317 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 318 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 319 | 320 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 321 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 322 | be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 323 | mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 324 | 325 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 326 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 327 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 328 | 329 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 330 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 331 | 332 | {signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 333 | Ty Coon, President of Vice 334 | 335 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 336 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 337 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 338 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 339 | Public License instead of this License. 340 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Socket programming examples in C++ 2 | 3 | Simple examples that show how to do socket programming in C++. Use 4 | 5 | > make 6 | 7 | to compile the code in each directory. 8 | 9 | ## Simple Echo Server and Client 10 | 11 | The files `simple-echo/server.cc` and `simple-echo/client.cc` contain 12 | a basic echo server and client. The server handles only one client at 13 | a time and simply sends back to the client whatever it receives. 14 | 15 | Run `server` with `client` and see what 16 | happens. 17 | 18 | **Caution**: both the client and the server do not properly check the 19 | return values of send() and recv(). This means that long messages may 20 | not be echoed properly. Better code is in subsequent examples. This code 21 | is here just to show the basics. 22 | 23 | ## Slow Echo Server 24 | 25 | To illustrate the poor quality of the code in the simple echo server 26 | and client, the file `simple-echo/slow-server.cc` is an echo server 27 | that sends replies only one character at a time. While this is not how 28 | any server is written, it illustrates what can happen when sending 29 | larger messages across the network. Those messages can be split into 30 | smaller pieces by TCP, so the a developer cannot assume that a single 31 | call to recv() will get the entire message. 32 | 33 | Run `slow-server` with `client` and see what happens. 34 | 35 | ## Echo Server and Client 36 | 37 | This code implements a more functional and complete echo server and 38 | client. The client sends messages terminated by a newline, and the 39 | server parses until it receives a newline. Both client and server 40 | check the return value of send() and recv() and use loops to be sure 41 | the entire message is sent or received in each case. 42 | 43 | This code is located in the `echo` directory. The main programs are in 44 | `echo-server.cc` and `echo-client.cc`. The server uses 45 | `inet-server.cc` and `inet-server.h` to create Internet sockets using 46 | IPv4 addresses. These files in turn rely on `server.cc` and `server.h` 47 | for the protocol logic and processing. The client uses 48 | `inet-client.cc` and `inet-client.h` to create the client version of 49 | an Internet socket. These files likewise rely on `client.cc` and 50 | `client.h` for the protocol processing. 51 | 52 | ## UNIX Echo Server and Client 53 | 54 | This code converts the echo client and server to use UNIX sockets 55 | instead of Internet sockets. UNIX sockets use the file system to identify 56 | the socket, rather than IP addresses and ports. In this code, we use 57 | `/tmp/unix-socket` as the name of the socket. 58 | 59 | By using a UNIX socket, this code is restricted to communication with 60 | local processes only. In addition, it is not portable to operating 61 | systems that do not support UNIX sockets. This code is tested only on 62 | Linux, but most of it should be portable to BSD and Mac OS X, with 63 | some small changes. 64 | 65 | This code is located in the `unix-echo` directory. The server uses 66 | `unix-echo-server.cc`, `unix-server.cc`, and `unix-server.h`. These 67 | latter two files derive a class based on `socket.cc` and 68 | `socket.h`. The client uses `unix-echo-client.cc`, `unix-client.cc`, 69 | and `unix-client.h`. Likewise, these latter two files derive a class 70 | based on `client.cc` and `client.h`. 71 | 72 | Note that this code reuses the same base classes in `socket.h` and `client.h`, 73 | showing how you can swap out a different type of socket, but the protocol 74 | logic and processing remains the same. 75 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Makefile for echo client and server 2 | 3 | CXX= g++ $(CXXFLAGS) 4 | 5 | ECHO-SERVER= echo-server.o server.o 6 | ECHO-CLIENT= echo-client.o client.o 7 | OBJS = $(ECHO-SERVER) $(ECHO-CLIENT) 8 | 9 | LIBS= 10 | 11 | CXXFLAGS= -g 12 | 13 | all: server client 14 | 15 | server:$(ECHO-SERVER) 16 | $(CXX) -o server $(ECHO-SERVER) $(LIBS) 17 | 18 | client:$(ECHO-CLIENT) 19 | $(CXX) -o client $(ECHO-CLIENT) $(LIBS) 20 | 21 | clean: 22 | rm -f $(OBJS) $(OBJS:.o=.d) 23 | 24 | realclean: 25 | rm -f $(OBJS) $(OBJS:.o=.d) server client 26 | 27 | %.o : %.cc 28 | $(CXX) -c -o $@ -MD -MP ${CPPFLAGS} ${CXXFLAGS} $< 29 | 30 | -include $(OBJS:.o=.d) 31 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "client.h" 2 | 3 | Client::Client(string host, int port) { 4 | // setup variables 5 | host_ = host; 6 | port_ = port; 7 | buflen_ = 1024; 8 | buf_ = new char[buflen_+1]; 9 | } 10 | 11 | Client::~Client() { 12 | } 13 | 14 | void Client::run() { 15 | // connect to the server and run echo program 16 | create(); 17 | echo(); 18 | } 19 | 20 | void 21 | Client::create() { 22 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr; 23 | 24 | // use DNS to get IP address 25 | struct hostent *hostEntry; 26 | hostEntry = gethostbyname(host_.c_str()); 27 | if (!hostEntry) { 28 | cout << "No such host name: " << host_ << endl; 29 | exit(-1); 30 | } 31 | 32 | // setup socket address structure 33 | memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr)); 34 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 35 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(port_); 36 | memcpy(&server_addr.sin_addr, hostEntry->h_addr_list[0], hostEntry->h_length); 37 | 38 | // create socket 39 | server_ = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 40 | if (!server_) { 41 | perror("socket"); 42 | exit(-1); 43 | } 44 | 45 | // connect to server 46 | if (connect(server_,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 47 | perror("connect"); 48 | exit(-1); 49 | } 50 | } 51 | 52 | void 53 | Client::close_socket() { 54 | close(server_); 55 | } 56 | 57 | void 58 | Client::echo() { 59 | string line; 60 | 61 | // loop to handle user interface 62 | while (getline(cin,line)) { 63 | // append a newline 64 | line += "\n"; 65 | // send request 66 | bool success = send_request(line); 67 | // break if an error occurred 68 | if (not success) 69 | break; 70 | // get a response 71 | success = get_response(); 72 | // break if an error occurred 73 | if (not success) 74 | break; 75 | } 76 | close_socket(); 77 | } 78 | 79 | bool 80 | Client::send_request(string request) { 81 | // prepare to send request 82 | const char* ptr = request.c_str(); 83 | int nleft = request.length(); 84 | int nwritten; 85 | // loop to be sure it is all sent 86 | while (nleft) { 87 | if ((nwritten = send(server_, ptr, nleft, 0)) < 0) { 88 | if (errno == EINTR) { 89 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 90 | continue; 91 | } else { 92 | // an error occurred, so break out 93 | perror("write"); 94 | return false; 95 | } 96 | } else if (nwritten == 0) { 97 | // the socket is closed 98 | return false; 99 | } 100 | nleft -= nwritten; 101 | ptr += nwritten; 102 | } 103 | return true; 104 | } 105 | 106 | bool 107 | Client::get_response() { 108 | string response = ""; 109 | // read until we get a newline 110 | while (response.find("\n") == string::npos) { 111 | int nread = recv(server_,buf_,1024,0); 112 | if (nread < 0) { 113 | if (errno == EINTR) 114 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 115 | continue; 116 | else 117 | // an error occurred, so break out 118 | return ""; 119 | } else if (nread == 0) { 120 | // the socket is closed 121 | return ""; 122 | } 123 | // be sure to use append in case we have binary data 124 | response.append(buf_,nread); 125 | } 126 | // a better client would cut off anything after the newline and 127 | // save it in a cache 128 | cout << response; 129 | return true; 130 | } 131 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/client.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | 12 | #include 13 | #include 14 | #include 15 | 16 | using namespace std; 17 | 18 | class Client { 19 | public: 20 | Client(string host, int port); 21 | ~Client(); 22 | 23 | void run(); 24 | 25 | private: 26 | virtual void create(); 27 | virtual void close_socket(); 28 | void echo(); 29 | bool send_request(string); 30 | bool get_response(); 31 | 32 | string host_; 33 | int port_; 34 | int server_; 35 | int buflen_; 36 | char* buf_; 37 | }; 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/echo-client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | 4 | #include 5 | 6 | #include "client.h" 7 | 8 | using namespace std; 9 | 10 | int 11 | main(int argc, char **argv) 12 | { 13 | int option; 14 | 15 | // setup default arguments 16 | int port = 3000; 17 | string host = "localhost"; 18 | 19 | // process command line options using getopt() 20 | // see "man 3 getopt" 21 | while ((option = getopt(argc,argv,"h:p:")) != -1) { 22 | switch (option) { 23 | case 'p': 24 | port = atoi(optarg); 25 | break; 26 | case 'h': 27 | host = optarg; 28 | break; 29 | default: 30 | cout << "client [-h host] [-p port]" << endl; 31 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 32 | } 33 | } 34 | 35 | Client client = Client(host, port); 36 | client.run(); 37 | } 38 | 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/echo-server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | 4 | #include 5 | 6 | #include "server.h" 7 | 8 | using namespace std; 9 | 10 | int 11 | main(int argc, char **argv) 12 | { 13 | int option, port; 14 | 15 | // setup default arguments 16 | port = 3000; 17 | 18 | // process command line options using getopt() 19 | // see "man 3 getopt" 20 | while ((option = getopt(argc,argv,"p:")) != -1) { 21 | switch (option) { 22 | case 'p': 23 | port = atoi(optarg); 24 | break; 25 | default: 26 | cout << "server [-p port]" << endl; 27 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 28 | } 29 | } 30 | 31 | Server server = Server(port); 32 | server.run(); 33 | } 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "server.h" 2 | 3 | Server::Server(int port) { 4 | // setup variables 5 | port_ = port; 6 | buflen_ = 1024; 7 | buf_ = new char[buflen_+1]; 8 | } 9 | 10 | Server::~Server() { 11 | delete buf_; 12 | } 13 | 14 | void 15 | Server::run() { 16 | // create and run the server 17 | create(); 18 | serve(); 19 | } 20 | 21 | void 22 | Server::create() { 23 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr; 24 | 25 | // setup socket address structure 26 | memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr)); 27 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 28 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(port_); 29 | server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; 30 | 31 | // create socket 32 | server_ = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 33 | if (!server_) { 34 | perror("socket"); 35 | exit(-1); 36 | } 37 | 38 | // set socket to immediately reuse port when the application closes 39 | int reuse = 1; 40 | if (setsockopt(server_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0) { 41 | perror("setsockopt"); 42 | exit(-1); 43 | } 44 | 45 | // call bind to associate the socket with our local address and 46 | // port 47 | if (bind(server_,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 48 | perror("bind"); 49 | exit(-1); 50 | } 51 | 52 | // convert the socket to listen for incoming connections 53 | if (listen(server_,SOMAXCONN) < 0) { 54 | perror("listen"); 55 | exit(-1); 56 | } 57 | } 58 | 59 | void 60 | Server::close_socket() { 61 | close(server_); 62 | } 63 | 64 | void 65 | Server::serve() { 66 | // setup client 67 | int client; 68 | struct sockaddr_in client_addr; 69 | socklen_t clientlen = sizeof(client_addr); 70 | 71 | // accept clients 72 | while ((client = accept(server_,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&clientlen)) > 0) { 73 | 74 | handle(client); 75 | } 76 | close_socket(); 77 | } 78 | 79 | void 80 | Server::handle(int client) { 81 | // loop to handle all requests 82 | while (1) { 83 | // get a request 84 | string request = get_request(client); 85 | // break if client is done or an error occurred 86 | if (request.empty()) 87 | break; 88 | // send response 89 | bool success = send_response(client,request); 90 | // break if an error occurred 91 | if (not success) 92 | break; 93 | } 94 | close(client); 95 | } 96 | 97 | string 98 | Server::get_request(int client) { 99 | string request = ""; 100 | // read until we get a newline 101 | while (request.find("\n") == string::npos) { 102 | int nread = recv(client,buf_,1024,0); 103 | if (nread < 0) { 104 | if (errno == EINTR) 105 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 106 | continue; 107 | else 108 | // an error occurred, so break out 109 | return ""; 110 | } else if (nread == 0) { 111 | // the socket is closed 112 | return ""; 113 | } 114 | // be sure to use append in case we have binary data 115 | request.append(buf_,nread); 116 | } 117 | // a better server would cut off anything after the newline and 118 | // save it in a cache 119 | return request; 120 | } 121 | 122 | bool 123 | Server::send_response(int client, string response) { 124 | // prepare to send response 125 | const char* ptr = response.c_str(); 126 | int nleft = response.length(); 127 | int nwritten; 128 | // loop to be sure it is all sent 129 | while (nleft) { 130 | if ((nwritten = send(client, ptr, nleft, 0)) < 0) { 131 | if (errno == EINTR) { 132 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 133 | continue; 134 | } else { 135 | // an error occurred, so break out 136 | perror("write"); 137 | return false; 138 | } 139 | } else if (nwritten == 0) { 140 | // the socket is closed 141 | return false; 142 | } 143 | nleft -= nwritten; 144 | ptr += nwritten; 145 | } 146 | return true; 147 | } 148 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /echo/server.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | 12 | #include 13 | 14 | using namespace std; 15 | 16 | class Server { 17 | public: 18 | Server(int port); 19 | ~Server(); 20 | 21 | void run(); 22 | 23 | private: 24 | void create(); 25 | void close_socket(); 26 | void serve(); 27 | void handle(int); 28 | string get_request(int); 29 | bool send_response(int, string); 30 | 31 | int port_; 32 | int server_; 33 | int buflen_; 34 | char* buf_; 35 | }; 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /simple-echo/Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Makefile for simple echo client and server 2 | 3 | CXX= g++ $(CCFLAGS) 4 | SERVER= server.o 5 | CLIENT= client.o 6 | SLOW-SERVER= slow-server.o 7 | OBJS = $(SERVER) $(CLIENT) $(SLOW-SERVER) 8 | 9 | LIBS= 10 | 11 | CCFLAGS= -g 12 | 13 | all: server client slow-server 14 | 15 | server: $(SERVER) 16 | $(CXX) -o server $(SERVER) $(LIBS) 17 | 18 | client: $(CLIENT) 19 | $(CXX) -o client $(CLIENT) $(LIBS) 20 | 21 | slow-server: $(SLOW-SERVER) 22 | $(CXX) -o slow-server $(SLOW-SERVER) $(LIBS) 23 | 24 | clean: 25 | rm -f $(OBJS) $(OBJS:.o=.d) 26 | 27 | realclean: 28 | rm -f $(OBJS) $(OBJS:.o=.d) server client slow-server 29 | 30 | 31 | # These lines ensure that dependencies are handled automatically. 32 | %.d: %.cc 33 | $(SHELL) -ec '$(CC) -M $(CPPFLAGS) $< \ 34 | | sed '\''s/\($*\)\.o[ :]*/\1.o $@ : /g'\'' > $@; \ 35 | [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@' 36 | 37 | include $(OBJS:.o=.d) 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /simple-echo/client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | 13 | using namespace std; 14 | 15 | int 16 | main(int argc, char **argv) 17 | { 18 | // setup default arguments 19 | int option; 20 | int port = 3000; 21 | string host = "localhost"; 22 | 23 | // process command line options using getopt() 24 | // see "man 3 getopt" 25 | while ((option = getopt(argc,argv,"h:p:")) != -1) { 26 | switch (option) { 27 | case 'p': 28 | port = atoi(optarg); 29 | break; 30 | case 'h': 31 | host = optarg; 32 | break; 33 | default: 34 | cout << "client [-s IP address] [-p port]" << endl; 35 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 36 | } 37 | } 38 | 39 | // use DNS to get IP address 40 | struct hostent *hostEntry; 41 | hostEntry = gethostbyname(host.c_str()); 42 | if (!hostEntry) { 43 | cout << "No such host name: " << host << endl; 44 | exit(-1); 45 | } 46 | 47 | // setup socket address structure 48 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr; 49 | memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr)); 50 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 51 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); 52 | memcpy(&server_addr.sin_addr, hostEntry->h_addr_list[0], hostEntry->h_length); 53 | 54 | // create socket 55 | int server = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 56 | if (server < 0) { 57 | perror("socket"); 58 | exit(-1); 59 | } 60 | 61 | // connect to server 62 | if (connect(server,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 63 | perror("connect"); 64 | exit(-1); 65 | } 66 | 67 | // allocate buffer 68 | int buflen = 1024; 69 | char* buf = new char[buflen+1]; 70 | 71 | // read a line from standard input 72 | string line; 73 | while (getline(cin,line)) { 74 | 75 | // write the data to the server 76 | send(server, line.c_str(), line.length(), 0); 77 | 78 | // read the response 79 | memset(buf,0,buflen); 80 | recv(server,buf,buflen,0); 81 | 82 | // print the response 83 | cout << buf << endl; 84 | } 85 | 86 | // Close socket 87 | close(server); 88 | } 89 | 90 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /simple-echo/server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | 9 | #include 10 | 11 | using namespace std; 12 | 13 | int 14 | main(int argc, char **argv) 15 | { 16 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr,client_addr; 17 | socklen_t clientlen = sizeof(client_addr); 18 | int option, port, reuse; 19 | int server, client; 20 | char *buf; 21 | int buflen; 22 | int nread; 23 | 24 | // setup default arguments 25 | port = 3000; 26 | 27 | // process command line options using getopt() 28 | // see "man 3 getopt" 29 | while ((option = getopt(argc,argv,"p:")) != -1) { 30 | switch (option) { 31 | case 'p': 32 | port = atoi(optarg); 33 | break; 34 | default: 35 | cout << "server [-p port]" << endl; 36 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 37 | } 38 | } 39 | 40 | // setup socket address structure 41 | memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr)); 42 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 43 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); 44 | server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; 45 | 46 | // create socket 47 | server = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 48 | if (!server) { 49 | perror("socket"); 50 | exit(-1); 51 | } 52 | 53 | // set socket to immediately reuse port when the application closes 54 | reuse = 1; 55 | if (setsockopt(server, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0) { 56 | perror("setsockopt"); 57 | exit(-1); 58 | } 59 | 60 | // call bind to associate the socket with our local address and 61 | // port 62 | if (bind(server,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 63 | perror("bind"); 64 | exit(-1); 65 | } 66 | 67 | // convert the socket to listen for incoming connections 68 | if (listen(server,SOMAXCONN) < 0) { 69 | perror("listen"); 70 | exit(-1); 71 | } 72 | 73 | // allocate buffer 74 | buflen = 1024; 75 | buf = new char[buflen+1]; 76 | 77 | // accept clients 78 | while ((client = accept(server,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&clientlen)) > 0) { 79 | 80 | // loop to handle all requests 81 | while (1) { 82 | 83 | // read a request 84 | memset(buf,0,buflen); 85 | nread = recv(client,buf,buflen,0); 86 | if (nread == 0) 87 | break; 88 | 89 | // send a response 90 | send(client, buf, nread, 0); 91 | } 92 | close(client); 93 | } 94 | 95 | close(server); 96 | } 97 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /simple-echo/slow-server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | 9 | #include 10 | 11 | using namespace std; 12 | 13 | int 14 | main(int argc, char **argv) 15 | { 16 | struct sockaddr_in server_addr,client_addr; 17 | socklen_t clientlen = sizeof(client_addr); 18 | int option, port, reuse; 19 | int server, client; 20 | char *buf; 21 | int buflen; 22 | char *ptr; 23 | int nread; 24 | 25 | // setup default arguments 26 | port = 3000; 27 | 28 | // process command line options using getopt() 29 | // see "man 3 getopt" 30 | while ((option = getopt(argc,argv,"p:")) != -1) { 31 | switch (option) { 32 | case 'p': 33 | port = atoi(optarg); 34 | break; 35 | default: 36 | cout << "server [-p port]" << endl; 37 | exit(EXIT_FAILURE); 38 | } 39 | } 40 | 41 | // setup socket address structure 42 | memset(&server_addr,0,sizeof(server_addr)); 43 | server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 44 | server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); 45 | server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; 46 | 47 | // create socket 48 | server = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); 49 | if (!server) { 50 | perror("socket"); 51 | exit(-1); 52 | } 53 | 54 | // set socket to immediately reuse port when the application closes 55 | reuse = 1; 56 | if (setsockopt(server, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0) { 57 | perror("setsockopt"); 58 | exit(-1); 59 | } 60 | 61 | // call bind to associate the socket with our local address and 62 | // port 63 | if (bind(server,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 64 | perror("bind"); 65 | exit(-1); 66 | } 67 | 68 | // convert the socket to listen for incoming connections 69 | if (listen(server,SOMAXCONN) < 0) { 70 | perror("listen"); 71 | exit(-1); 72 | } 73 | 74 | // allocate buffer 75 | buflen = 1024; 76 | buf = new char[buflen+1]; 77 | 78 | // accept clients 79 | while ((client = accept(server,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&clientlen)) > 0) { 80 | 81 | // loop to handle all requests 82 | while (1) { 83 | 84 | // read a request 85 | memset(buf,0,buflen); 86 | nread = recv(client,buf,buflen,0); 87 | if (nread == 0) 88 | break; 89 | 90 | // send a response one character at a time 91 | char* ptr = buf; 92 | for (int i=0; i $@; \ 32 | [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@' 33 | 34 | include $(OBJS:.o=.d) 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "client.h" 2 | 3 | Client::Client() { 4 | // setup variables 5 | buflen_ = 1024; 6 | buf_ = new char[buflen_+1]; 7 | } 8 | 9 | Client::~Client() { 10 | } 11 | 12 | void Client::run() { 13 | // connect to the server and run echo program 14 | create(); 15 | echo(); 16 | } 17 | 18 | void 19 | Client::create() { 20 | } 21 | 22 | void 23 | Client::close_socket() { 24 | } 25 | 26 | void 27 | Client::echo() { 28 | string line; 29 | 30 | // loop to handle user interface 31 | while (getline(cin,line)) { 32 | // append a newline 33 | line += "\n"; 34 | // send request 35 | bool success = send_request(line); 36 | // break if an error occurred 37 | if (not success) 38 | break; 39 | // get a response 40 | success = get_response(); 41 | // break if an error occurred 42 | if (not success) 43 | break; 44 | } 45 | close_socket(); 46 | } 47 | 48 | bool 49 | Client::send_request(string request) { 50 | // prepare to send request 51 | const char* ptr = request.c_str(); 52 | int nleft = request.length(); 53 | int nwritten; 54 | // loop to be sure it is all sent 55 | while (nleft) { 56 | if ((nwritten = send(server_, ptr, nleft, 0)) < 0) { 57 | if (errno == EINTR) { 58 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 59 | continue; 60 | } else { 61 | // an error occurred, so break out 62 | perror("write"); 63 | return false; 64 | } 65 | } else if (nwritten == 0) { 66 | // the socket is closed 67 | return false; 68 | } 69 | nleft -= nwritten; 70 | ptr += nwritten; 71 | } 72 | return true; 73 | } 74 | 75 | bool 76 | Client::get_response() { 77 | string response = ""; 78 | // read until we get a newline 79 | while (response.find("\n") == string::npos) { 80 | int nread = recv(server_,buf_,1024,0); 81 | if (nread < 0) { 82 | if (errno == EINTR) 83 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 84 | continue; 85 | else 86 | // an error occurred, so break out 87 | return ""; 88 | } else if (nread == 0) { 89 | // the socket is closed 90 | return ""; 91 | } 92 | // be sure to use append in case we have binary data 93 | response.append(buf_,nread); 94 | } 95 | // a better client would cut off anything after the newline and 96 | // save it in a cache 97 | cout << response; 98 | return true; 99 | } 100 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/client.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | 12 | #include 13 | #include 14 | #include 15 | 16 | using namespace std; 17 | 18 | class Client { 19 | public: 20 | Client(); 21 | ~Client(); 22 | 23 | void run(); 24 | 25 | protected: 26 | virtual void create(); 27 | virtual void close_socket(); 28 | void echo(); 29 | bool send_request(string); 30 | bool get_response(); 31 | 32 | int server_; 33 | int buflen_; 34 | char* buf_; 35 | }; 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "server.h" 2 | 3 | Server::Server() { 4 | // setup variables 5 | buflen_ = 1024; 6 | buf_ = new char[buflen_+1]; 7 | } 8 | 9 | Server::~Server() { 10 | delete buf_; 11 | } 12 | 13 | void 14 | Server::run() { 15 | // create and run the server 16 | create(); 17 | serve(); 18 | } 19 | 20 | void 21 | Server::create() { 22 | } 23 | 24 | void 25 | Server::close_socket() { 26 | } 27 | 28 | void 29 | Server::serve() { 30 | // setup client 31 | int client; 32 | struct sockaddr_in client_addr; 33 | socklen_t clientlen = sizeof(client_addr); 34 | 35 | // accept clients 36 | while ((client = accept(server_,(struct sockaddr *)&client_addr,&clientlen)) > 0) { 37 | 38 | handle(client); 39 | } 40 | close_socket(); 41 | } 42 | 43 | void 44 | Server::handle(int client) { 45 | // loop to handle all requests 46 | while (1) { 47 | // get a request 48 | string request = get_request(client); 49 | // break if client is done or an error occurred 50 | if (request.empty()) 51 | break; 52 | // send response 53 | bool success = send_response(client,request); 54 | // break if an error occurred 55 | if (not success) 56 | break; 57 | } 58 | close(client); 59 | } 60 | 61 | string 62 | Server::get_request(int client) { 63 | string request = ""; 64 | // read until we get a newline 65 | while (request.find("\n") == string::npos) { 66 | int nread = recv(client,buf_,1024,0); 67 | if (nread < 0) { 68 | if (errno == EINTR) 69 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 70 | continue; 71 | else 72 | // an error occurred, so break out 73 | return ""; 74 | } else if (nread == 0) { 75 | // the socket is closed 76 | return ""; 77 | } 78 | // be sure to use append in case we have binary data 79 | request.append(buf_,nread); 80 | } 81 | // a better server would cut off anything after the newline and 82 | // save it in a cache 83 | return request; 84 | } 85 | 86 | bool 87 | Server::send_response(int client, string response) { 88 | // prepare to send response 89 | const char* ptr = response.c_str(); 90 | int nleft = response.length(); 91 | int nwritten; 92 | // loop to be sure it is all sent 93 | while (nleft) { 94 | if ((nwritten = send(client, ptr, nleft, 0)) < 0) { 95 | if (errno == EINTR) { 96 | // the socket call was interrupted -- try again 97 | continue; 98 | } else { 99 | // an error occurred, so break out 100 | perror("write"); 101 | return false; 102 | } 103 | } else if (nwritten == 0) { 104 | // the socket is closed 105 | return false; 106 | } 107 | nleft -= nwritten; 108 | ptr += nwritten; 109 | } 110 | return true; 111 | } 112 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/server.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | 12 | #include 13 | 14 | using namespace std; 15 | 16 | class Server { 17 | public: 18 | Server(); 19 | ~Server(); 20 | 21 | void run(); 22 | 23 | protected: 24 | virtual void create(); 25 | virtual void close_socket(); 26 | void serve(); 27 | void handle(int); 28 | string get_request(int); 29 | bool send_response(int, string); 30 | 31 | int server_; 32 | int buflen_; 33 | char* buf_; 34 | }; 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "unix-client.h" 2 | 3 | UnixClient::UnixClient() { 4 | socket_name_ = "/tmp/unix-socket"; 5 | } 6 | 7 | UnixClient::~UnixClient() { 8 | } 9 | 10 | void 11 | UnixClient::create() { 12 | struct sockaddr_un server_addr; 13 | 14 | // setup socket address structure 15 | bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)); 16 | server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX; 17 | strncpy(server_addr.sun_path,socket_name_,sizeof(server_addr.sun_path) - 1); 18 | 19 | // create socket 20 | server_ = socket(PF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0); 21 | if (!server_) { 22 | perror("socket"); 23 | exit(-1); 24 | } 25 | 26 | // connect to server 27 | if (connect(server_,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 28 | perror("connect"); 29 | exit(-1); 30 | } 31 | } 32 | 33 | void 34 | UnixClient::close_socket() { 35 | } 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-client.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | 5 | #include "client.h" 6 | 7 | class UnixClient : public Client { 8 | 9 | public: 10 | UnixClient(); 11 | ~UnixClient(); 12 | 13 | protected: 14 | void create(); 15 | void close_socket(); 16 | 17 | private: 18 | const char* socket_name_; 19 | }; 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-echo-client.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "unix-client.h" 2 | 3 | int 4 | main(int argc, char **argv) 5 | { 6 | UnixClient client = UnixClient(); 7 | client.run(); 8 | } 9 | 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-echo-server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "unix-server.h" 2 | 3 | int 4 | main(int argc, char **argv) 5 | { 6 | UnixServer server = UnixServer(); 7 | server.run(); 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-server.cc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "unix-server.h" 2 | 3 | const char* UnixServer::socket_name_ = "/tmp/unix-socket"; 4 | 5 | UnixServer::UnixServer() { 6 | // setup handler for Control-C so we can properly unlink the UNIX 7 | // socket when that occurs 8 | struct sigaction sigIntHandler; 9 | sigIntHandler.sa_handler = interrupt; 10 | sigemptyset(&sigIntHandler.sa_mask); 11 | sigIntHandler.sa_flags = 0; 12 | sigaction(SIGINT, &sigIntHandler, NULL); 13 | } 14 | 15 | UnixServer::~UnixServer() { 16 | } 17 | 18 | void 19 | UnixServer::create() { 20 | struct sockaddr_un server_addr; 21 | 22 | // setup socket address structure 23 | bzero(&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)); 24 | server_addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX; 25 | strncpy(server_addr.sun_path,socket_name_,sizeof(server_addr.sun_path) - 1); 26 | 27 | // create socket 28 | server_ = socket(PF_UNIX,SOCK_STREAM,0); 29 | if (!server_) { 30 | perror("socket"); 31 | exit(-1); 32 | } 33 | 34 | // call bind to associate the socket with the UNIX file system 35 | if (bind(server_,(const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr,sizeof(server_addr)) < 0) { 36 | perror("bind"); 37 | exit(-1); 38 | } 39 | 40 | // convert the socket to listen for incoming connections 41 | if (listen(server_,SOMAXCONN) < 0) { 42 | perror("listen"); 43 | exit(-1); 44 | } 45 | } 46 | 47 | void 48 | UnixServer::close_socket() { 49 | unlink(socket_name_); 50 | } 51 | 52 | void 53 | UnixServer::interrupt(int) { 54 | unlink(socket_name_); 55 | } 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /unix-echo/unix-server.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #pragma once 2 | 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | 8 | #include "server.h" 9 | 10 | class UnixServer : public Server { 11 | 12 | public: 13 | UnixServer(); 14 | ~UnixServer(); 15 | 16 | protected: 17 | void create(); 18 | void close_socket(); 19 | 20 | private: 21 | static void interrupt(int); 22 | 23 | static const char* socket_name_; 24 | }; 25 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------