├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── double_buffering.go ├── double_buffering_test.go └── example ├── black_id.txt └── main.go /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Compiled Object files, Static and Dynamic libs (Shared Objects) 2 | *.o 3 | *.a 4 | *.so 5 | 6 | # Folders 7 | _obj 8 | _test 9 | 10 | # Architecture specific extensions/prefixes 11 | *.[568vq] 12 | [568vq].out 13 | 14 | *.cgo1.go 15 | *.cgo2.c 16 | _cgo_defun.c 17 | _cgo_gotypes.go 18 | _cgo_export.* 19 | 20 | _testmain.go 21 | 22 | *.exe 23 | *.test 24 | *.prof 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright {yyyy} {name of copyright owner} 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # go double buffering 2 | 3 | A simple library to manage resources which can be upgraded gracefully. 4 | This blog written in Chinese shows the usage of this library : http://blog.codeg.cn/2016/01/27/double-buffering/ 5 | 6 | 7 | During the continuous running period of a network server, there are some resources need to be updated on real-time. 8 | How to do an elegant resource upgrading? Here we propose a method to solve this problem which is called double-buffering technology. 9 | Double-buffering is a term that is well known throughout the graphics industry. 10 | 11 | When double buffering is enabled, all resource upgrading operations are first initialized to a buffer handler instead of the handler 12 | which is being used by the process. After all initializing operations are completed, the buffer handler is swapped directly to the old one associated with it. 13 | 14 | # Example 15 | 16 | There is a simple example located in the `example` directory. 17 | The example provides a simple querying service which require two parameters: id and query. 18 | `id` is used as an identity of the client. `query` is used as the entity the querying. 19 | The service logic uses the `query` as a key to query a backend database and return the result. 20 | Avoiding vicious client to do request we provide an black-id-list which holds all the black ids. 21 | 22 | Using the following steps to run this example: 23 | 24 | ### Step 1 25 | 26 | ```shell 27 | $ git clone https://github.com/zieckey/dbuf 28 | $ cd dbuf/example 29 | $ go build 30 | $ ./example ./black_id.txt 31 | ``` 32 | 33 | ### Step 2 34 | 35 | And in another console, we can do some requests: 36 | 37 | ```shell 38 | $ curl "http://localhost:8091/q?id=123&query=jane" 39 | hello, 123 40 | $ curl "http://localhost:8091/q?id=475e5a499587a52ea14a23031ecce7c9&query=jane" 41 | ERROR 42 | ``` 43 | 44 | `id=123` is OK. But `id=475e5a499587a52ea14a23031ecce7c9` is rejected. 45 | 46 | ### Step 3 47 | 48 | Then we added `123` to the black-id-list. 49 | Now we have updated the black-id-list file and need it to be loaded into the service process. 50 | The simplest way is to stop the process and then start the process again. 51 | But during the continuous running period of a network server, this method will lose some requests during the stop-and-start period. 52 | It is very harmful to the client users. 53 | 54 | So we use the double-buffering technology provided by this library. 55 | What we need to do is only to send a administration request to have it enabled. Like this: 56 | 57 | ```shell 58 | $ curl "http://localhost:8091/admin/reload?name=black_id&path=./black_id.txt" 59 | OK 60 | $ curl "http://localhost:8091/q?id=123&query=jane" 61 | ERROR 62 | ``` 63 | 64 | `id=123` is rejected now. It works. Simple reload the dict file successfully. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /double_buffering.go: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package dbuf 2 | 3 | import ( 4 | "sync" 5 | "io/ioutil" 6 | "crypto/md5" 7 | "fmt" 8 | "time" 9 | "sync/atomic" 10 | ) 11 | 12 | // DoubleBufferingTarget is the interface that wraps the basic operations 13 | // on a resource. 14 | // 15 | // Initialize does some initialization operations on the resource. 16 | // When Initialize encounters an error implementations must return false. 17 | // 18 | // Close does some resource recycling works which cannot be done 19 | // by GC of Golang. 20 | type Target interface { 21 | Initialize(conf string) bool 22 | Close() 23 | } 24 | 25 | type TargetCreator func() Target 26 | 27 | type TargetRef struct { 28 | Target Target 29 | ref *int32 30 | } 31 | 32 | type DoubleBuffering struct { 33 | creator TargetCreator 34 | 35 | mutex sync.Mutex 36 | refTarget TargetRef 37 | 38 | reloadTimestamp int64 39 | md5h string 40 | } 41 | 42 | func newDoubleBuffering(f TargetCreator) *DoubleBuffering { 43 | d := new(DoubleBuffering) 44 | d.creator = f 45 | d.reloadTimestamp = 0 46 | return d 47 | } 48 | 49 | func (d *DoubleBuffering) reload(conf string) error { 50 | t := d.creator() 51 | if t.Initialize(conf) == false { 52 | return fmt.Errorf("t.Initialize(%v) failed", conf) 53 | } 54 | 55 | content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(conf) 56 | if err != nil { 57 | content = []byte(conf) 58 | } 59 | d.md5h = fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(content)) 60 | d.reloadTimestamp = time.Now().Unix() 61 | 62 | d.mutex.Lock() 63 | defer d.mutex.Unlock() 64 | d.refTarget.Release() // 将老对象释放掉 65 | 66 | d.refTarget.Target = t 67 | d.refTarget.ref = new(int32) 68 | *d.refTarget.ref = 1 // 初始设置为1，表明该对象由DoubleBuffering已经代为管理起来了 69 | 70 | return nil 71 | } 72 | 73 | // ReloadTimestamp returns the latest timestamp when the DoubleBuffering reloaded at the last time 74 | func (d *DoubleBuffering) ReloadTimestamp() int64 { 75 | return d.reloadTimestamp 76 | } 77 | 78 | // LatestConfMD5 returns the latest config's md5 79 | func (d *DoubleBuffering) LatestConfMD5() string { 80 | return d.md5h 81 | } 82 | 83 | // Get returns the target this DoubleBuffering manipulated. 84 | // You should call TargetRef.Release() function after you have used it. 85 | func (d *DoubleBuffering) Get() TargetRef { 86 | d.mutex.Lock() 87 | defer d.mutex.Unlock() 88 | atomic.AddInt32(d.refTarget.ref, 1) 89 | return d.refTarget 90 | } 91 | 92 | // Release decrease one reference count. 93 | func (d TargetRef) Release() { 94 | if d.ref != nil && atomic.AddInt32(d.ref, -1) == 0 { 95 | d.Target.Close() 96 | } 97 | } 98 | 99 | // GetRef returns the reference count of the resource. 100 | func (d TargetRef) GetRef() int32 { 101 | if d.ref != nil { 102 | return *d.ref 103 | } 104 | 105 | return 0 106 | } 107 | 108 | type dbmap map[string/*name*/]*DoubleBuffering 109 | type Manager struct { 110 | targets dbmap 111 | mutex sync.Mutex 112 | } 113 | 114 | func NewManager() *Manager { 115 | m := new(Manager) 116 | m.targets = make(dbmap) 117 | return m 118 | } 119 | 120 | func (m *Manager) Add(name string, conf string, f TargetCreator) (err error) { 121 | d := newDoubleBuffering(f) 122 | err = d.reload(conf) 123 | if err == nil { 124 | m.targets[name] = d 125 | } 126 | 127 | return err 128 | } 129 | 130 | func (m *Manager) Get(name string) *DoubleBuffering { 131 | m.mutex.Lock() 132 | defer m.mutex.Unlock() 133 | if t, ok := m.targets[name]; ok { 134 | return t 135 | } 136 | 137 | return nil 138 | } 139 | 140 | func (m *Manager) Reload(name, conf string) error { 141 | d := m.Get(name) 142 | if d == nil { 143 | return fmt.Errorf("Cannot find the Target by name [%v]", name) 144 | } 145 | 146 | return d.reload(conf) 147 | } 148 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /double_buffering_test.go: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package dbuf_test 2 | 3 | import ( 4 | "testing" 5 | "sync" 6 | "strconv" 7 | "time" 8 | "math/rand" 9 | "sync/atomic" 10 | 11 | "github.com/bmizerany/assert" 12 | 13 | "golib/dbuf" 14 | ) 15 | 16 | 17 | // Dict implement the interface of dbuf.DoubleBufferingTarget 18 | type Dict struct { 19 | d string 20 | //业务自己的其他更复杂的数据结构 21 | } 22 | 23 | func newDict() dbuf.DoubleBufferingTarget { 24 | d := new(Dict) 25 | return d 26 | } 27 | 28 | var initializedCount int32 29 | var closedCount int32 30 | 31 | func (d *Dict) Initialize(conf string) bool { 32 | // 这个conf一般情况下是一个配置文件的路径 33 | // 这里我们简单的认为它只是一段数据 34 | c := atomic.AddInt32(&initializedCount, 1) 35 | _ = c 36 | d.d = conf 37 | //fmt.Printf("Dict.Initialize() called, count=%d\n", c) 38 | return true 39 | } 40 | 41 | func (d *Dict) Close() { 42 | // 在这里做一些资源释放工作 43 | c := atomic.AddInt32(&closedCount, 1) 44 | _ = c 45 | //fmt.Printf("Dict.Close() called, count=%d\n", c) 46 | } 47 | 48 | func TestDoubleBuffering(t *testing.T) { 49 | m := dbuf.NewDoubleBufferingManager() 50 | rc := m.Add("mydict", "The config for Dict1", newDict) // 初始化的时候引用计数为1 51 | assert.Equal(t, rc, true) 52 | d := m.Get("mydict") 53 | assert.NotEqual(t, d, nil) 54 | assert.Equal(t, initializedCount, int32(1)) 55 | assert.Equal(t, closedCount, int32(0)) 56 | 57 | var wg sync.WaitGroup 58 | ReloadedCount := 1000 59 | for i := 0; i < ReloadedCount; i++ { 60 | // 模拟一堆协程在同时使用Dict对象 61 | wg.Add(1) 62 | go func() { 63 | defer wg.Done() 64 | tg := d.Get() 65 | defer tg.Release() 66 | dict := tg.Target.(*Dict) 67 | assert.NotEqual(t, dict, nil) 68 | assert.Equal(t, tg.Ref() >= 1, true) 69 | time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100000) + 1) * time.Microsecond) 70 | }() 71 | 72 | // 模拟不定期的字典文件重新加载 73 | wg.Add(1) 74 | go func() { 75 | defer wg.Done() 76 | assert.Equal(t, m.Reload("mydict", "The new config for Dict" + strconv.Itoa(i)), true) 77 | time.Sleep(time.Duration(rand.Intn(100000) + 1) * time.Microsecond) 78 | }() 79 | } 80 | wg.Wait() 81 | 82 | assert.Equal(t, initializedCount, int32(ReloadedCount) + 1) 83 | assert.Equal(t, closedCount, int32(ReloadedCount)) 84 | 85 | tg := d.Get() 86 | defer tg.Release() 87 | assert.Equal(t, tg.Ref(), int32(2))// 初始化的时候引用计数为1，Get 之后，引用计数又自动加1，因此这里为2。 88 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /example/black_id.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | f94a6b57124a2e54ab19a889ddc70161 2 | 475e5a499587a52ea14a23031ecce7c9 3 | 475e5a499587a52ea111111111111111 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /example/main.go: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package main 2 | 3 | import ( 4 | "net/http" 5 | "log" 6 | "os" 7 | "fmt" 8 | "io/ioutil" 9 | "bytes" 10 | "strings" 11 | "io" 12 | 13 | "github.com/zieckey/dbuf" 14 | ) 15 | 16 | type BlackIDDict struct { 17 | blackIDs map[string]int 18 | } 19 | 20 | func NewBlackIDDict() dbuf.Target { 21 | d := &BlackIDDict{ 22 | blackIDs: make(map[string]int), 23 | } 24 | return d 25 | } 26 | 27 | var dbm *dbuf.Manager 28 | 29 | func (d *BlackIDDict) Initialize(conf string) bool { 30 | filepath := conf 31 | 32 | // A black name list 33 | b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath) 34 | if err != nil { 35 | return false 36 | } 37 | r := bytes.NewBuffer(b) 38 | for { 39 | id, err := r.ReadString('\n') 40 | if err == io.EOF || err == nil { 41 | id = strings.TrimSpace(id) 42 | if len(id) > 0 { 43 | d.blackIDs[id] = 1 44 | } 45 | } 46 | 47 | if err != nil { 48 | break 49 | } 50 | } 51 | 52 | return true 53 | } 54 | 55 | func (d *BlackIDDict) Close() { 56 | // We can do some resource recycling works here if necessarily 57 | } 58 | 59 | func (d *BlackIDDict) IsBlackID(id string) bool { 60 | _, exist := d.blackIDs[id] 61 | return exist 62 | } 63 | 64 | func Query(r *http.Request) (string, error) { 65 | id := r.FormValue("id") 66 | query := r.FormValue("query") 67 | 68 | if len(id) == 0 || len(query) == 0 { 69 | return "", fmt.Errorf("Request parameter error") 70 | } 71 | 72 | d := dbm.Get("black_id") 73 | tg := d.Get() 74 | defer tg.Release() 75 | dict := tg.Target.(*BlackIDDict) // convert to concrete object of BlackIDDict 76 | if dict == nil { 77 | return "", fmt.Errorf("ERROR, Convert DoubleBufferingTarget to Dict failed") 78 | } 79 | 80 | if dict.IsBlackID(id) { 81 | return "ERROR", fmt.Errorf("ERROR id") 82 | } 83 | 84 | // This is the application business logic, something like query MySQL, calculate, merge result. 85 | result := fmt.Sprintf("hello, %v", id) 86 | 87 | // Record a query log 88 | log.Printf("", id, query, result, r.RemoteAddr) 89 | 90 | return result, nil 91 | } 92 | 93 | func Handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 94 | r.ParseForm() 95 | result, err := Query(r) 96 | if err == nil { 97 | w.Write([]byte(result)) 98 | } else { 99 | w.WriteHeader(403) 100 | w.Write([]byte(result)) 101 | } 102 | } 103 | 104 | func Reload(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 105 | name := r.URL.Query().Get("name") 106 | path := r.URL.Query().Get("path") 107 | 108 | if dbm.Reload(name, path) == nil { 109 | w.Write([]byte("OK")) 110 | } else { 111 | w.Write([]byte("FAILED")) 112 | } 113 | } 114 | 115 | // The detail usage is here : http://blog.codeg.cn/2016/01/27/double-buffering/ 116 | // 117 | // $ curl "http://127.0.0.1:8091/q?id=475e5a499587a52ea14a23031ecce7c9&query=jane" 118 | // ERROR 119 | // 120 | // $ curl "http://127.0.0.1:8091/q?id=12312&query=jane" 121 | // hello, 12312 122 | func main() { 123 | if len(os.Args) != 2 { 124 | panic("Not specify black_id.txt") 125 | } 126 | 127 | dbm = dbuf.NewManager() 128 | rc := dbm.Add("black_id", os.Args[1], NewBlackIDDict) 129 | if rc != nil { 130 | panic("black_id initialize failed") 131 | } 132 | 133 | http.HandleFunc("/q", Handler) // query interface 134 | http.HandleFunc("/admin/reload", Reload) // admin interface 135 | hostname, _ := os.Hostname() 136 | log.Printf("start http://%s:8091/q", hostname) 137 | log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8091", nil)) 138 | } 139 | 140 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------