├── .editorconfig
├── .gitignore
├── ClassInClass
    └── ClassInClass.cpp
├── Factorial
    └── Factorial.cpp
├── Inheritance
    └── CheckInheritance.cpp
├── LICENSE
├── Matrix
    ├── BestMatrix.cpp
    ├── BetterVector.cpp
    └── SimpleVector.cpp
├── PowerSet
    ├── PowerSet.cpp
    └── RunTimePowerSet.cpp
├── Presentation.pdf
├── README.md
├── StaticAssert
    ├── BestSA.cpp
    ├── SimplestSA.cpp
    └── TrivialTemplateSA.cpp
├── TemplateSpecialization
    ├── FullTemplateSpec.cpp
    ├── IsPointer.cpp
    ├── PartialTemplateSpec.cpp
    └── Tuple.cpp
├── TypeList
    ├── BasicTypeList.cpp
    ├── TL_Append.cpp
    ├── TL_Index.cpp
    └── TypeList.cpp
├── TypeSelection
    └── Select.cpp
└── index.html


/.editorconfig:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [*]
2 | 
3 | indent_style = tab
4 | indent_size = 4
5 | 
6 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # Compiled Object files
 2 | *.slo
 3 | *.lo
 4 | *.o
 5 | *.obj
 6 | 
 7 | # Precompiled Headers
 8 | *.gch
 9 | *.pch
10 | 
11 | # Compiled Dynamic libraries
12 | *.so
13 | *.dylib
14 | *.dll
15 | 
16 | # Fortran module files
17 | *.mod
18 | *.smod
19 | 
20 | # Compiled Static libraries
21 | *.lai
22 | *.la
23 | *.a
24 | *.lib
25 | 
26 | # Executables
27 | *.exe
28 | *.out
29 | *.app
30 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ClassInClass/ClassInClass.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ ClassInClass.cpp -o ClassInClass.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | #include <string>
 7 | 
 8 | //A class with a function that can print out 
 9 | //messages given to it by it's internal classes
10 | class Printer {
11 | private:
12 | 
13 | 	//A class that has a function
14 | 	//that returns "Hello World!"
15 | 	class GetHi {
16 | 		public: std::string getHi() { return std::string("Hello World!"); }
17 | 	};
18 | 
19 | public:
20 | 
21 | 	//Print "Hello World!"
22 | 	void pntMsg() {
23 | 
24 | 		//Make a GetHi
25 | 		GetHi tmp;
26 | 	
27 | 		//Print "Hello World!"
28 | 		std::cout << tmp.getHi() << std::endl;
29 | 	}
30 | };
31 | 
32 | //Main function
33 | int main() {
34 | 
35 | 	//Make a printer
36 | 	Printer p;
37 | 
38 | 	//Print Hello World!
39 | 	p.pntMsg();
40 | 
41 | 	//Success
42 | 	return 0;
43 | }
44 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Factorial/Factorial.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ Factorial.cpp -Ofast -o Factorial.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | 
 6 | #include <iostream>
 7 | 
 8 | // Template Meta, recursive function
 9 | template <unsigned int N> struct _Factorial {
10 | 	enum { value = N * _Factorial<N - 1>::value };
11 | };
12 | 
13 | //Base case
14 | template <> struct _Factorial<0> {
15 | 	enum { value = 1 };
16 | };
17 | 
18 | 
19 | // Factorial Wrapper
20 | #define factorial(x) _Factorial<x>::value
21 | 
22 | 
23 | //Main function
24 | int main() {
25 | 
26 | 	//Print out factorial examples
27 | 	std::cout << "Factorial(0) = " << factorial(0) << std::endl;
28 | 	std::cout << "Factorial(1) = " << factorial(1) << std::endl;
29 | 	std::cout << "Factorial(4) = " << factorial(4) << std::endl;
30 | 	std::cout << "Factorial(8) = " << factorial(8) << std::endl;
31 | 
32 | 	//Success
33 | 	return 0;
34 | }
35 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Inheritance/CheckInheritance.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | /* Compiled with
  2 | 	g++ CheckInheritance.cpp -pedantic -Werror -std=c++11 -o CheckInheritance.out
  3 | */
  4 | 
  5 | #include <stdlib.h>
  6 | #include <iostream>
  7 | 
  8 | 
  9 | /****************************************************************/
 10 | /*																*/
 11 | /*						Template Meta							*/
 12 | /*																*/
 13 | /****************************************************************/
 14 | 
 15 | 
 16 | // A macro wrapper
 17 | #define is_subclass(x, y) ( (bool) CheckInheritance<x,y>::result )
 18 | 
 19 | /* The CheckInheritance class works as follows: First off, let's begin
 20 |  * with static Testing MakeTesting(). The reason for this is simple.
 21 |  * We wish to call sizeof on a Testing. To do this, we could call
 22 |  * sizeof(Testing()). But we do not know if Testing has a default
 23 |  * constructor, so this could fail. However, since sizeof does not
 24 |  * evaluate (most) anything, we can call sizeof(MakeTesting()). sizeof
 25 |  * will notice that MakeTesting will return a Testing, and thus will
 26 |  * return the size of a Testing. Now, if Testing is a sub-class of
 27 |  * Super, then the function static IsConvertible Test( const Super& )
 28 |  * can be used as it takes in a super. The return value of this function
 29 |  * is an IsConvertible. In the enum below, we compare the sizeof an
 30 |  * IsConvertible to the size of the result of our Test function. Thus,
 31 |  * if Testing is a subclass of Super, they shall match and result will
 32 |  * equal one. If however Testing is not a subclass of Super, the first
 33 |  * Test function will fail. Do to SFINAE, this is not an error, and so
 34 |  * our second, ellipsis, Test function will be used. This returns a
 35 |  * NotConvertible. You will note below that we defined IsConvertible
 36 |  * and NotConvertible specifically to be two different sizes. Thus,
 37 |  * the sizes of will not match in the comparison in the enum, and
 38 |  * result will be false.
 39 | */
 40 | 
 41 | 
 42 | // A class used to check to see if Testing is a subclass of Super
 43 | // This class makes the assumption that a class is its own subclass.
 44 | template <class Testing, class Super> class CheckInheritance {
 45 | 
 46 | 	// Two different sized classes
 47 | 	typedef char IsConvertible;
 48 | 	class NotConvertible { char IsConvertible[64]; };
 49 | 
 50 | 	// Two different test functions
 51 | 	static IsConvertible Test( const Super & );
 52 | 	static NotConvertible Test( ... );
 53 | 
 54 | 	// Returns a Testing
 55 | 	static Testing MakeTesting();
 56 | public:
 57 | 
 58 | 	// Check to see if a Testing is a subclass of Super
 59 | 	enum { result = ( sizeof( Test( MakeTesting() ) ) == sizeof(IsConvertible) ) };
 60 | };
 61 | 
 62 | 
 63 | /****************************************************************/
 64 | /*																*/
 65 | /*						  Test classes							*/
 66 | /*																*/
 67 | /****************************************************************/
 68 | 
 69 | 
 70 | // An extendable class
 71 | class Mammal {};
 72 | 
 73 | // A subclass of Mammal
 74 | class Human: public Mammal {};
 75 | 
 76 | // Not a subclass of Mammal
 77 | class Guitar {};
 78 | 
 79 | 
 80 | /****************************************************************/
 81 | /*																*/
 82 | /*						  Main function							*/
 83 | /*																*/
 84 | /****************************************************************/
 85 | 
 86 | 
 87 | // Main function
 88 | int main() {
 89 | 
 90 | 	// Print booleans as strings
 91 | 	std::cout << std::boolalpha;
 92 | 
 93 | 	// Check to see if a human is a mammal
 94 | 	std::cout << "It is " << is_subclass(Human, Mammal)
 95 | 			<< " that a human is a mammal" << std::endl;
 96 | 
 97 | 	// Check to see if a guitar is a mammal
 98 | 	std::cout << "It is " << is_subclass(Guitar, Mammal)
 99 | 			<< " that a guitar is a mammal" << std::endl;
100 | 
101 | 	// Success
102 | 	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
103 | }
104 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
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388 |   All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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405 | the above requirements apply either way.
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435 |   9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
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477 |   A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
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536 |   Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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540 |   12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
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621 |                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
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634 |     {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
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649 | 
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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652 |   If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
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655 |     {project}  Copyright (C) {year}  {fullname}
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660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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669 |   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
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671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
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673 | Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
674 | <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
675 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Matrix/BestMatrix.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include <iostream>
  2 | 
  3 | 
  4 | /****************************************************************/
  5 | /*																*/
  6 | /*							General								*/
  7 | /*																*/
  8 | /****************************************************************/
  9 | 
 10 | 
 11 | //Empty type
 12 | class NullType {};
 13 | 
 14 | //A container that converts an int to a distinct type, with a value
 15 | template<int N> struct intc { enum { value = N }; };
 16 | 
 17 | 
 18 | /****************************************************************/
 19 | /*																*/
 20 | /*							List								*/
 21 | /*																*/
 22 | /****************************************************************/
 23 | 
 24 | 
 25 | //Macro wrapper around List, V is the name of the variable defines
 26 | #define makeList(...) make_list<__VA_ARGS__>::result
 27 | 
 28 | //Macro wrapper around ListGet
 29 | #define get(T, N) ListGet<T,N>::result
 30 | 
 31 | 
 32 | //A list of types
 33 | template <class T, class U> struct List {
 34 | 	typedef U Tail;
 35 | 	typedef T Head;
 36 | 	enum { size = Tail::size + 1 };
 37 | };
 38 | template <class T> struct List<T, NullType> {
 39 | 	typedef NullType Tail;
 40 | 	typedef T Head;
 41 | 	enum { size = 1 };
 42 | };
 43 | 
 44 | //Make a list of types
 45 | template <class T, class... U> struct make_list {
 46 | 	typedef List<T, typename make_list<U...>::result > result;
 47 | };
 48 | template <class T> struct make_list<T> {
 49 | 	typedef List<T, NullType> result;
 50 | };
 51 | 
 52 | //Get the n'th item of the list
 53 | template <class T, int N> struct ListGet {
 54 | 	typedef typename ListGet<typename T::Tail, N-1>::result result;
 55 | };
 56 | template <class T> struct ListGet<T, 0> {
 57 | 	typedef typename T::Head result;
 58 | };
 59 | 
 60 | 
 61 | /****************************************************************/
 62 | /*																*/
 63 | /*						For Error Checking						*/
 64 | /*																*/
 65 | /****************************************************************/
 66 | 
 67 | 
 68 | #define CHECK_LEGAL(A, B) \
 69 | 	static_assert(A::size > 0, "Error, invalid type passed in"); \
 70 | 	static_assert(A::size == B::size, "Error, cannot take dot product " \
 71 | 											"of different sized vectors");
 72 | 
 73 | 
 74 | /****************************************************************/
 75 | /*																*/
 76 | /*							Dot Product							*/
 77 | /*																*/
 78 | /****************************************************************/
 79 | 
 80 | 
 81 | //Dot product wrapper
 82 | #define dotProd(A, B) dotProd<A, B>::result
 83 | 
 84 | 
 85 | //Dot product
 86 | template <class A, class B> struct dotProd {
 87 | 
 88 | 	//Check for errors
 89 | 	CHECK_LEGAL(A, B);
 90 | 
 91 | 	//Multiply the heads then recurse with the tails.
 92 | 	enum { result =  A::Head::value * B::Head::value + dotProd<typename A::Tail, typename B::Tail>::result };
 93 | };
 94 | 
 95 | //Called when the end of the lists have been hit
 96 | template <> struct dotProd<NullType, NullType> { enum { result = 0 }; };
 97 | 
 98 | 
 99 | /****************************************************************/
100 | /*																*/
101 | /*						Vector Operations						*/
102 | /*																*/
103 | /****************************************************************/
104 | 
105 | 
106 | //Wrapper around Add_vectors
107 | #define AddVectors(A, B) Add_vectors<A,B>::result
108 | 
109 | //Add vectors together
110 | template <class A, class B> struct Add_vectors {
111 | 
112 | 	//Check for errors
113 | 	CHECK_LEGAL(A, B);
114 | 
115 | 	//Add the vectors together
116 | 	typedef List< intc<A::Head::value + B::Head::value>,
117 | 		typename Add_vectors<typename A::Tail, typename B::Tail>::result > result;
118 | };
119 | template <> struct Add_vectors<NullType, NullType> {
120 | 	typedef NullType result;
121 | };
122 | 
123 | 
124 | /****************************************************************/
125 | /*																*/
126 | /*						Matrix Operations						*/
127 | /*																*/
128 | /****************************************************************/
129 | 
130 | 
131 | //Wrap add matrices
132 | #define AddMatrices(A, B) Add_matrices<A,B>::result
133 | 
134 | //Add two matrices
135 | template <class A, class B> struct Add_matrices {
136 | 
137 | 	//Check for errors
138 | 	CHECK_LEGAL(A, B);
139 | 
140 | 	//Add the vectors
141 | 	typedef List< typename AddVectors(typename A::Head, typename B::Head),
142 | 		typename Add_matrices<typename A::Tail, typename B::Tail>::result > result;
143 | };
144 | template <> struct Add_matrices<NullType, NullType> {
145 | 	typedef NullType result;
146 | };
147 | 
148 | 
149 | /****************************************************************/
150 | /*																*/
151 | /*						For vector printing						*/
152 | /*																*/
153 | /****************************************************************/
154 | 
155 | 
156 | //Print wrapper
157 | #define pntV(V) {							\
158 | 	std::cout << #V << " = [ ";				\
159 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<V>();	\
160 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;			\
161 | }
162 | 
163 | 
164 | //Print a vector
165 | template<class V> void printVectorHelper() {
166 | 	std::cout << get(V, 0)::value << (V::size > 1 ? ", ":" ");
167 | 	printVectorHelper<typename V::Tail>();
168 | }
169 | 
170 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
171 | template<> void printVectorHelper<NullType>() {}
172 | 
173 | 
174 | /****************************************************************/
175 | /*																*/
176 | /*						For matrix printing						*/
177 | /*																*/
178 | /****************************************************************/
179 | 
180 | 
181 | //Print wrapper
182 | #define pntM(V) {							\
183 | 	std::cout << #V << ":\n";				\
184 | 	if (V::size) printMatrixHelper<V>();	\
185 | 	std::cout  << std::endl;				\
186 | }
187 | 
188 | //Print a vector
189 | template<class V> void printMatrixHelper() {
190 | 	std::cout << "  [ ";
191 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<typename V::Head>();
192 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
193 | 	printMatrixHelper<typename V::Tail>();
194 | }
195 | 
196 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
197 | template<> void printMatrixHelper<NullType>() {}
198 | 
199 | 
200 | /****************************************************************/
201 | /*																*/
202 | /*								Main 							*/
203 | /*																*/
204 | /****************************************************************/
205 | 
206 | 
207 | //Main function
208 | int main() {
209 | 
210 | 	// One could even make this better by using a templated function to return a variable
211 | 	// In C++11 using hte using A = B syntax would also work!
212 | 
213 | 	//Make matrix A
214 | 	typedef makeList(intc<1>, intc<2>, intc<3>) A1;
215 | 	typedef makeList(intc<4>, intc<5>, intc<6>) A2;
216 | 	typedef makeList(intc<7>, intc<8>, intc<9>) A3;
217 | 	typedef makeList(A1, A2, A3) A;
218 | 
219 | 	//Make matrix B
220 | 	typedef makeList(intc<1>, intc<2>, intc<3>) B1;
221 | 	typedef makeList(intc<4>, intc<5>, intc<6>) B2;
222 | 	typedef makeList(intc<7>, intc<8>, intc<9>) B3;
223 | 	typedef makeList(B1, B2, B3) B;
224 | 
225 | 	//Print A and B
226 | 	pntM(A); pntM(B);
227 | 
228 | 	//Add the two matrices
229 | 	typedef AddMatrices(A, B) C;
230 | 
231 | 	//Print C
232 | 	std::cout << "A + B:\n";
233 | 	pntM(C);
234 | 
235 | 	//Success
236 | 	return 0;
237 | }
238 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Matrix/BetterVector.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include <iostream>
  2 | 
  3 | 
  4 | /****************************************************************/
  5 | /*																*/
  6 | /*							General								*/
  7 | /*																*/
  8 | /****************************************************************/
  9 | 
 10 | 
 11 | //Empty type
 12 | class NullType {};
 13 | 
 14 | //A container that converts an int to a distinct type, with a value
 15 | template<int N> struct intc { enum { value = N }; };
 16 | 
 17 | 
 18 | /****************************************************************/
 19 | /*																*/
 20 | /*							List								*/
 21 | /*																*/
 22 | /****************************************************************/
 23 | 
 24 | 
 25 | //Macro wrapper around List, V is the name of the variable defines
 26 | #define makeList(V, ...) typedef List<__VA_ARGS__> V
 27 | 
 28 | //Macro wrapper around ListGet
 29 | #define get(T, N) ListGet<T,N>::result
 30 | 
 31 | 
 32 | //A list of types
 33 | template <class T, class ... U> struct List {
 34 | 	typedef List<U...> Tail;
 35 | 	typedef T Head;
 36 | 	enum { size = Tail::size + 1 };
 37 | };
 38 | template <class T> struct List<T> {
 39 | 	typedef NullType Tail;
 40 | 	typedef T Head;
 41 | 	enum { size = 1 };
 42 | };
 43 | 
 44 | 
 45 | //Get the n'th item of the list
 46 | template <class T, int N> struct ListGet {
 47 | 	typedef typename ListGet<typename T::Tail, N-1>::result result;
 48 | };
 49 | template <class T> struct ListGet<T, 0> {
 50 | 	typedef typename T::Head result;
 51 | };
 52 | 
 53 | 
 54 | /****************************************************************/
 55 | /*																*/
 56 | /*							Dot Product							*/
 57 | /*																*/
 58 | /****************************************************************/
 59 | 
 60 | 
 61 | //Dot product wrapper
 62 | #define dotProd(A, B) dotProd<A, B>::result
 63 | 
 64 | 
 65 | //Dot product
 66 | template <class T1, class T2> struct dotProd {
 67 | 
 68 | 	//Check for errors
 69 | 	static_assert(T1::size > 0, "Error, invalid type passed in");
 70 | 	static_assert(T1::size == T2::size, "Error, cannot take dot product "
 71 | 											"of different sized vectors");
 72 | 
 73 | 	//Multiply the heads then recurse with the tails.
 74 | 	enum { result =  T1::Head::value * T2::Head::value + dotProd<typename T1::Tail, typename T2::Tail>::result };
 75 | };
 76 | 
 77 | //Called when the end of the lists have been hit
 78 | template <> struct dotProd<NullType, NullType> { enum { result = 0 }; };
 79 | 
 80 | 
 81 | /****************************************************************/
 82 | /*																*/
 83 | /*						For vector printing						*/
 84 | /*																*/
 85 | /****************************************************************/
 86 | 
 87 | 
 88 | //Print wrapper
 89 | #define pntV(V) {							\
 90 | 	std::cout << #V << " = [ ";				\
 91 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<V>();	\
 92 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;			\
 93 | }
 94 | 
 95 | 
 96 | //Print a vector
 97 | template<class V> void printVectorHelper() {
 98 | 	std::cout << get(V, 0)::value << (V::size > 1 ? ", ":" ");
 99 | 	printVectorHelper<typename V::Tail>();
100 | }
101 | 
102 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
103 | template<> void printVectorHelper<NullType>() {}
104 | 
105 | 
106 | /****************************************************************/
107 | /*																*/
108 | /*						For matrix printing						*/
109 | /*																*/
110 | /****************************************************************/
111 | 
112 | 
113 | //Print wrapper
114 | #define pntM(V) {							\
115 | 	std::cout << #V << ":\n";				\
116 | 	if (V::size) printMatrixHelper<V>();	\
117 | 	std::cout  << std::endl;				\
118 | }
119 | 
120 | //Print a vector
121 | template<class V> void printMatrixHelper() {
122 | 	std::cout << "  [ ";
123 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<typename V::Head>();
124 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
125 | 	printMatrixHelper<typename V::Tail>();
126 | }
127 | 
128 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
129 | template<> void printMatrixHelper<NullType>() {}
130 | 
131 | 
132 | /****************************************************************/
133 | /*																*/
134 | /*								Main 							*/
135 | /*																*/
136 | /****************************************************************/
137 | 
138 | 
139 | //Main function
140 | int main() {
141 | 
142 | 	//Make matrix A
143 | 	makeList(A1, intc<1>, intc<2>, intc<3>);
144 | 	makeList(A2, intc<4>, intc<5>, intc<6>);
145 | 	makeList(A3, intc<7>, intc<8>, intc<9>);
146 | 	makeList(A, A1, A2, A3);
147 | 
148 | 	//Print the rows of A
149 | 	pntV(A1); pntV(A2); pntV(A3);
150 | 	std::cout << std::endl;
151 | 
152 | 	//Print A
153 | 	pntM(A);
154 | 
155 |     //Dot product of the first and second row of A
156 |     std::cout << "A1 • A2 = " << dotProd(A1, A2) << std::endl;
157 | 
158 | 	//Success
159 | 	return 0;
160 | }
161 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Matrix/SimpleVector.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include <iostream>
  2 | 
  3 | 
  4 | /****************************************************************/
  5 | /*																*/
  6 | /*							General								*/
  7 | /*																*/
  8 | /****************************************************************/
  9 | 
 10 | 
 11 | //Empty type
 12 | class NullType {};
 13 | 
 14 | 
 15 | /****************************************************************/
 16 | /*																*/
 17 | /*							intList								*/
 18 | /*																*/
 19 | /****************************************************************/
 20 | 
 21 | 
 22 | //Macro wrapper around intList, V is the name of the variable defines
 23 | #define makeIntList(V, ...) typedef intList<__VA_ARGS__> V
 24 | 
 25 | //Macro wrapper around intListGet
 26 | #define get(T, N) intListGet<T,N>::result
 27 | 
 28 | 
 29 | //A vector of numbers
 30 | template <int T, int... U> struct intList {
 31 | 	typedef intList<U...> Tail;
 32 | 	enum { Head = T, size = Tail::size + 1 };
 33 | };
 34 | template <int T> struct intList<T> {
 35 | 	typedef NullType Tail;
 36 | 	enum { Head = T, size = 1 };
 37 | };
 38 | 
 39 | 
 40 | //Get the n'th item of the list
 41 | template <class T, int N> struct intListGet {
 42 | 	enum { result = intListGet<typename T::Tail, N-1>::result };
 43 | };
 44 | template <class T> struct intListGet<T, 0> {
 45 | 	enum { result = T::Head };
 46 | };
 47 | 
 48 | 
 49 | /****************************************************************/
 50 | /*																*/
 51 | /*							Dot Product							*/
 52 | /*																*/
 53 | /****************************************************************/
 54 | 
 55 | 
 56 | //Dot product wrapper
 57 | #define dotProd(A, B) intDotProd<A, B>::result
 58 | 
 59 | 
 60 | //Dot product
 61 | template <class T1, class T2> struct intDotProd {
 62 | 
 63 | 	//Check for errors
 64 | 	static_assert(T1::size > 0, "Error, invalid type passed in");
 65 | 	static_assert(T1::size == T2::size, "Error, cannot take dot product "
 66 | 											"of different sized vectors");
 67 | 
 68 | 	//Multiply the heads then recurse with the tails.
 69 | 	enum { result =  T1::Head * T2::Head + intDotProd<typename T1::Tail, typename T2::Tail>::result }; 
 70 | };
 71 | 
 72 | //Called when the end of the lists have been hit
 73 | template <> struct intDotProd<NullType, NullType> { enum { result = 0 }; };
 74 | 
 75 | 
 76 | /****************************************************************/
 77 | /*																*/
 78 | /*							For printing						*/
 79 | /*																*/
 80 | /****************************************************************/
 81 | 
 82 | 
 83 | //Print wrapper
 84 | #define pnt(V) {							\
 85 | 	std::cout << #V << " = [ ";				\
 86 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<V>();	\
 87 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;			\
 88 | }
 89 | 
 90 | 
 91 | //Print a vector
 92 | template<class V> void printVectorHelper() {
 93 | 	std::cout << get(V, 0) << (V::size > 1 ? ", ":" ");
 94 | 	printVectorHelper<typename V::Tail>();
 95 | }
 96 | 
 97 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
 98 | template<> void printVectorHelper<NullType>() {}
 99 | 
100 | 
101 | /****************************************************************/
102 | /*																*/
103 | /*								Main 							*/
104 | /*																*/
105 | /****************************************************************/
106 | 
107 | 
108 | //Main function
109 | int main() {
110 | 
111 | 	//Initial vectors
112 | 	makeIntList(A, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6);
113 | 	makeIntList(B, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1);
114 | 
115 | 	//Print the maticies
116 | 	pnt(A); pnt(B);
117 | 
118 | 	//Dot product
119 | 	std::cout << "\nA • B = " << dotProd(A, B) << std::endl;
120 | 
121 | 	//Success
122 | 	return 0;
123 | }
124 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/PowerSet/PowerSet.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include <iostream>
  2 | #include <chrono>
  3 | 
  4 | #define BUILD_NUM_TIMES 1000
  5 | 
  6 | 
  7 | /* Compile with:
  8 | g++ PowerSet.cpp -Wall -Ofast -std=c++14 -Wno-enum-compare -ftemplate-depth=1000000 -frename-registers -march=native -fomit-frame-pointer -fmerge-all-constants -o PowerSet.out
  9 | */
 10 | 
 11 | /****************************************************************/
 12 | /*																*/
 13 | /*							General								*/
 14 | /*																*/
 15 | /****************************************************************/
 16 | 
 17 | 
 18 | //Null type
 19 | class NullType {};
 20 | 
 21 | //A container that converts an int to a distinct type, with a value
 22 | template<int N> struct intc { 
 23 | 	enum { value = N };
 24 | 	
 25 | 	//For printing
 26 | 	static void print() { std::cout << value; }
 27 | };
 28 | 
 29 | //Checks to see if two types are the same
 30 | template <class A, class B> struct SameType {
 31 | 	static const bool result = false;
 32 | };
 33 | template <class A> struct SameType<A, A> {
 34 | 	static const bool result = true;
 35 | };
 36 | 
 37 | //A TMP version of an if statement
 38 | //Result = A if C, otherwise result = B
 39 | template<bool C, class A, class B> struct Select {
 40 | 	typedef A result;	
 41 | };
 42 | template<class A, class B> struct Select<false, A, B> {
 43 | 	typedef B result;
 44 | };
 45 | 
 46 | /****************************************************************/
 47 | /*																*/
 48 | /*							List								*/
 49 | /*																*/
 50 | /****************************************************************/
 51 | 
 52 | 
 53 | //Macro wrapper around List, V is the name of the variable defines
 54 | #define makeList(...) make_list<__VA_ARGS__>::result
 55 | 
 56 | //Macro wrapper around ListGet
 57 | #define get(T, N) ListGet<T,N>::result
 58 | 
 59 | 
 60 | //A list of types
 61 | template <class T, class U> struct List {
 62 | 	typedef U Tail;
 63 | 	typedef T Head;
 64 | 	enum { size = Tail::size + 1 };
 65 | };
 66 | template <class T> struct List<T, NullType> {
 67 | 	typedef NullType Tail;
 68 | 	typedef T Head;
 69 | 	enum { size = 1 };
 70 | };
 71 | 
 72 | //Make a list of types
 73 | template <class T, class... U> struct make_list {
 74 | 	typedef List<T, typename make_list<U...>::result > result;
 75 | };
 76 | template <class T> struct make_list<T> {
 77 | 	typedef List<T, NullType> result;
 78 | };
 79 | 
 80 | //Get the n'th item of the list
 81 | template <class T, int N> struct ListGet {
 82 | 	typedef typename ListGet<typename T::Tail, N-1>::result result;
 83 | };
 84 | template <class T> struct ListGet<T, 0> {
 85 | 	typedef typename T::Head result;
 86 | };
 87 | 
 88 | //Add list B to list A
 89 | template <class A, class B> struct AddList {
 90 | 	typedef List<typename A::Head, typename AddList<typename A::Tail, B>::result > result;
 91 | };
 92 | template <class A> struct AddList<A, NullType> {
 93 | 	typedef A result;
 94 | };
 95 | template <class B> struct AddList<NullType, B> {
 96 | 	typedef B result;
 97 | };
 98 | 
 99 | //Determiens if item A exists in list L
100 | template <class A, class L> struct ItemExists {
101 | 	static const bool result = SameType<A, typename L::Head>::result || ItemExists<A, typename L::Tail>::result;
102 | };
103 | template<class A> struct ItemExists<A, NullType> {
104 | 	static const bool result = false;
105 | };
106 | 
107 | //Remove duplicates
108 | template <class L> class RemoveDuplicates {
109 | 	typedef typename RemoveDuplicates<typename L::Tail>::result NewT;
110 | public:
111 | 	typedef typename Select<ItemExists< typename L::Head, typename L::Tail>::result, 
112 | 						NewT, List<typename L::Head, NewT>
113 | 						>::result result;
114 | };
115 | template <> class RemoveDuplicates<NullType> {
116 | public: typedef NullType result;
117 | };
118 | 
119 | 
120 | 
121 | /****************************************************************/
122 | /*																*/
123 | /*							Power Set							*/
124 | /*																*/
125 | /****************************************************************/
126 | 
127 | 
128 | //Make_power_set wrapper
129 | #define PowerSet(A) make_power_set<A>::result
130 | 
131 | //A struct representing an empty set
132 | struct EmptySet {
133 | 	static void print() {}
134 | };
135 | 
136 | //Prepend P to sublists of L
137 | template<class P, class L> struct PrependToSublists {
138 | 	typedef List<List<P, typename L::Head>, typename PrependToSublists<P, typename L::Tail>::result > result;
139 | };
140 | template<class P> struct PrependToSublists<P, NullType> {
141 | 	typedef NullType result;
142 | };
143 | 
144 | //Make the power set of T
145 | template<class T> class make_power_set {
146 | 	typedef typename make_power_set<typename T::Tail>::result SubPower;
147 | public:
148 | 	typedef typename RemoveDuplicates<
149 | 			typename AddList<
150 | 				typename PrependToSublists<typename T::Head, SubPower>::result,
151 | 				SubPower
152 | 			>::result
153 | 		>::result result;
154 | };
155 | template <> class make_power_set<NullType> {
156 | 	public:	typedef List<List<EmptySet, NullType>, NullType> result;
157 | };
158 | 
159 | 
160 | /****************************************************************/
161 | /*																*/
162 | /*						For vector printing						*/
163 | /*																*/
164 | /****************************************************************/
165 | 
166 | 
167 | //Print wrapper
168 | #define pntV(V) {							\
169 | 	std::cout << #V << " = [ ";				\
170 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<V>();	\
171 | 	std::cout << "]" << std::endl;			\
172 | }
173 | 
174 | 
175 | //Print a vector
176 | template<class V> void printVectorHelper() {
177 | 	get(V, 0)::print(); std::cout << (V::size > 1 ? ", ":" ");
178 | 	printVectorHelper<typename V::Tail>();
179 | }
180 | 
181 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
182 | template<> void printVectorHelper<NullType>() {}
183 | 
184 | 
185 | /****************************************************************/
186 | /*																*/
187 | /*						For PowerSet printing					*/
188 | /*																*/
189 | /****************************************************************/
190 | 
191 | 
192 | //Print wrapper
193 | #define pntM(V) {							\
194 | 	std::cout << #V << ":\n";				\
195 | 	if (V::size) printMatrixHelper<V>();	\
196 | 	std::cout  << std::endl;				\
197 | }
198 | 
199 | //Print a vector
200 | template<class V> void printMatrixHelper() {
201 | 	std::cout << "  [ ";
202 | 	if (V::size) printVectorHelper<typename V::Head>();
203 | 	std::cout << "]\n";
204 | 	printMatrixHelper<typename V::Tail>();
205 | }
206 | 
207 | //Called when there is nothing left to print
208 | template<> void printMatrixHelper<NullType>() {}
209 | 
210 | 
211 | /****************************************************************/
212 | /*																*/
213 | /*							Run-Time							*/
214 | /*																*/
215 | /****************************************************************/
216 | 
217 | 
218 | //Run the program
219 | inline void buildSet(const bool p) {
220 | 
221 | 	//Make list A
222 | 	typedef makeList( intc<0>, intc<1>, intc<2>, intc<3>, intc<4>,
223 | 		intc<5>, intc<6>, intc<7>, intc<8>, intc<9>, intc<10> ) A;
224 | 
225 | 	//Make the power set of A
226 | 	typedef PowerSet(A) B;
227 | 
228 | 	//Print B if requested
229 | 	if (p) pntM(B);
230 | }
231 | 
232 | //Get the current time
233 | static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) auto time() {
234 | 	return std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
235 | }
236 | 
237 | //Print the current time
238 | static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) int getTime(auto t) { 
239 | 	using namespace std; using namespace chrono;
240 | 	return duration_cast<microseconds>(t).count();
241 | }
242 | 
243 | //Main function
244 | int main() {
245 | 
246 | 	//Create time variables
247 | 	auto s = time(), e = time();
248 | 	int time1;
249 | 
250 | 	//Create the set n times, and time it
251 | 	const int n = BUILD_NUM_TIMES; s = time();
252 | 	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) buildSet(false);
253 | 	e = time(); time1 = getTime(e-s);
254 | 	
255 | 	//Build the set, print it, and time it
256 | 	s = time(); buildSet(true); e = time();
257 | 
258 | 	//Print out the time it took
259 | 	printf("Build it n times: \t%d us\n", time1);
260 | 	printf("Built and printed: \t%d us\n", getTime(e-s));
261 | 	printf("Total elapsed time: \t%d us\n", time1 + getTime(e-s));
262 | 
263 | 	//Success
264 | 	return 0;
265 | }
266 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/PowerSet/RunTimePowerSet.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | #include <vector>
 3 | #include <chrono>
 4 | #include <cmath>
 5 | 
 6 | 
 7 | #define BUILD_NUM_TIMES 1000
 8 | 
 9 | /* Compile with:
10 | g++ RunTimePowerSet.cpp -Wall -Ofast -std=c++14 -Wno-enum-compare -ftemplate-depth=1000000 -frename-registers -march=native -fomit-frame-pointer -fmerge-all-constants -o RunTimePowerSet.out
11 | 
12 | computer_power_set by: Toshi Piazza
13 | 
14 | */
15 | 
16 | //Computer the power set
17 | template <typename T> std::vector<T> compute_power_set(const T &power)
18 | {
19 |     std::vector<T> ret;
20 |     unsigned long size = std::pow(2, power.size());
21 |     ret.reserve(size);
22 |     for (unsigned long i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
23 |         T tmp;
24 |         for (unsigned long j = 0; j < power.size(); ++j) {
25 |             if (i & (1 << j))
26 |                 tmp.push_back(power[j]);
27 |         }
28 |         ret.push_back(tmp);
29 |     }
30 |     return ret;
31 | }
32 | 
33 | //Print the matrix
34 | static inline void pntM(auto power) {
35 |     for (auto &v : power) {
36 | 		std::cout << "  [ ";
37 |         for (auto &i : v) std::cout << i << ", ";
38 |         std::cout << "]\n";
39 |     }
40 | 	std::cout << std::endl;
41 | }
42 | 
43 | //Run the program
44 | inline void buildSet(const bool p) {
45 | 
46 | 	//Make the set
47 |     std::vector<int> A = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
48 | 
49 | 	//Make the power set of A
50 |     auto B = compute_power_set(A);
51 | 
52 | 	//Print B if requested
53 | 	if (p) pntM(B);
54 | }
55 | 
56 | //Get the current time
57 | static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) auto time() {
58 | 	return std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
59 | }
60 | 
61 | //Print the current time
62 | static inline __attribute__((always_inline)) int getTime(auto t) { 
63 | 	using namespace std; using namespace chrono;
64 | 	return duration_cast<microseconds>(t).count();
65 | }
66 | 
67 | //Main function
68 | int main() {
69 | 
70 | 	//Create time variables
71 | 	auto s = time(), e = time();
72 | 	int time1;
73 | 
74 | 	//Create the set n times, and time it
75 | 	const int n = BUILD_NUM_TIMES; s = time();
76 | 	for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) buildSet(false);
77 | 	e = time(); time1 = getTime(e-s);
78 | 	
79 | 	//Build the set, print it, and time it
80 | 	s = time(); buildSet(true); e = time();
81 | 
82 | 	//Print out the time it took
83 | 	printf("Build it n times: \t%d us\n", time1);
84 | 	printf("Built and printed: \t%d us\n", getTime(e-s));
85 | 	printf("Total elapsed time: \t%d us\n", time1 + getTime(e-s));
86 | 
87 | 	//Success
88 | 	return 0;
89 | }
90 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Presentation.pdf:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zwimer/Template-Meta-Tutorial/88559d7ff84bc8cd56ea59955968cf32668137c3/Presentation.pdf


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/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # C++ Template Meta Tutorial
 2 | This repository contains a presentation that is an introduction to C++ Template Meta Programming. All of the code in the presentation is in this repository. Much of what is shown in this presentation is no longer required to know with the increased support for template meta programming in C++11, C++14, and C++17. So why learn it? This presentation includes derivations of each of the techniques which will help get you into the mindset of template meta programming. Furthermore, while the actual code may be legacy, all of these techniques are still fundamentals and frequently used for template meta programming.
 3 | 
 4 | ## Links
 5 | A copy of the presentation is hosted [here](https://www.zwimer.com/Template-Meta-Tutorial/Presentation.pdf). The code repository is located on github [here](https://www.github.com/zwimer/Template-Meta-Tutorial/).
 6 | 
 7 | ## Disclaimer
 8 | C++ Template Meta is a huge and very diverse topic. It would be naive to say that this tutorial encompasses even a small portion of this topic. It is just a small introduction to some of techniques used in TMP. Furthermore, this presentation was designed to be given by someone who knows TMP. As such, while the presentation contains all necessary information, explanations may be in bullet points as it was written so that the instructor could explain each point.
 9 | 
10 | ## Texts
11 | This presentation _heavily_ utilizes the following text: [Modern C++ Design](https://www.mimuw.edu.pl/~mrp/cpp/SecretCPP/Addison-Wesley%20-%20Modern%20C++%20Design.%20Generic%20Programming%20and%20Design%20Patterns%20Applied.pdf) by Andrei Alexandrescu. If you are interested in TMP, I highly recommend this book.
12 | 
13 | ## Requirements
14 | The code in this repository is compiled with clang++ version 7.0.2, and gcc 4.9.2. C++99 is required for most of the code, however some of the files require C++14. The reason different compilers and versions of C++ are used is to demonstrate examples where clarity of error messages is helpful and to demonstrate how C++ TMP has evolved from the primitive form you will learn to a more advanced and useful form which includes variadic templates among other amazing features.
15 | 


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/StaticAssert/BestSA.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compile with
 2 | 	clang++ BestSA.cpp -o BestSA.out -std=c++14
 3 | 
 4 | 	Why Clang?
 5 | 	- Clang gives nicer error messages than g++ for this
 6 | */
 7 | 
 8 | //'Catch all' constructor, can take in ANY type
 9 | template <bool> struct CompileTimeChecker {
10 | 	CompileTimeChecker(...);
11 | };
12 | 
13 | //Specialize definition for when bool = false
14 | //There is no (non-implicit) constructor here! Calling it illegal
15 | template <> struct CompileTimeChecker<false> {};
16 | 
17 | // Macro Wrapper
18 | #define STATIC_CHECK(A, msg) {	 								\
19 | 	class ERROR_##msg{};										\
20 | 	(void) sizeof( CompileTimeChecker<A>{ ERROR_##msg() } );	\
21 | }
22 | 
23 | /* How it works:
24 |  *	
25 |  * STATIC_CHECK wrapes everything in a new scope { }
26 |  * It then declares a class called ERROR_ prepended by msg
27 |  * If A is true, sizeof returns the size of CompileTimeChecker<true>,
28 |  *   as the catch all constructor accepts the ERROR_##msg class.
29 |  * If A is false, sizeof attempts to find the return type of
30 |  * the CompileTimeChecker<false> that accepts ERROR_##msg as an
31 |  * argument. Since this constructor however is not defined,
32 |  * The compiler will throw an error about how it cannot find
33 |  * a matching constructor. With any luck, it will complain about
34 |  * CompileTimeChecker not having a matching constructor for ERROR_##msg 
35 |  */
36 | 
37 | //Main function
38 | int main() {
39 | 
40 | 	//Test if 1 + 1 = 20
41 | 	STATIC_CHECK(1 + 1 == 20, Math_Works);
42 | 
43 | 	//Success
44 | 	return 0;
45 | }
46 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StaticAssert/SimplestSA.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with
 2 | 	g++ SimplestSA.cpp -pedantic -Wno-unused-variable -Werror -o SimplestSA.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | //If A is false, char[0] is called, which is illegal
 6 | //If A is true, char[1] is called, then goes out of scope
 7 | #define STATIC_CHECK(A)  {		\
 8 | 	char test[ (A) ? 1 : 0 ];	\
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | //Main function
12 | int main() {
13 | 
14 | 	//Test if 1 + 1 = 20
15 | 	STATIC_CHECK(1 + 1 == 20);
16 | 
17 | 	//Success
18 | 	return 0;
19 | }
20 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/StaticAssert/TrivialTemplateSA.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ TrivialTemplateSA.cpp -o TrivialTemplateSA.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | //Declare the struct
 6 | template <bool> struct CompileTimeError;
 7 | 
 8 | //Define the struct for true
 9 | template <> struct CompileTimeError<true> {};
10 | 
11 | // Wrapper
12 | #define STATIC_CHECK(A)	 CompileTimeError<A>()
13 | 
14 | 
15 | //Main function
16 | int main() {
17 | 
18 | 	//Check to see if 1 + 1 == 20
19 | 	CompileTimeError< 1 + 1 == 20 >();
20 | 
21 | 	//Success
22 | 	return 0;
23 | }
24 | 
25 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TemplateSpecialization/FullTemplateSpec.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ FullTemplateSpec.cpp -Ofast -o FullTemplateSpec.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | 
 8 | //General template
 9 | template <unsigned int N> struct _Factorial {
10 | 	enum { value = N * _Factorial<N - 1>::value };
11 | };
12 | 
13 | //Note that here we have template <>
14 | //This is FULL template specialization
15 | //We then specify what arguments in the class name
16 | template <> struct _Factorial<0> {
17 | 	enum { value = 1 };
18 | };
19 | 
20 | 
21 | // Factorial Wrapper
22 | #define factorial(x) _Factorial<x>::value
23 | 
24 | 
25 | //Main function
26 | int main() {
27 | 
28 | 	//Print out factorial examples
29 | 	std::cout << "Factorial(8) = " << factorial(8) << std::endl;
30 | 
31 | 	//Success
32 | 	return 0;
33 | }
34 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TemplateSpecialization/IsPointer.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ IsPointer.cpp -o IsPointer.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //Macro wrapper
 8 | #define isPtr(T) ((bool) IsPointer<T>::result)
 9 | 
10 | //General template
11 | template <class T> struct IsPointer{
12 | 	enum { result = false };
13 | };
14 |  
15 | //Specified template. You will notice that this 
16 | //still  takes in an argument T, but that the 
17 | //specification is simply that T is a pointer!
18 | template <class T> struct IsPointer<T*> {
19 | 	enum { result = true };
20 | };
21 | 
22 | 
23 | 
24 | //Main function
25 | int main() {
26 | 
27 | 	//Setup
28 | 	std::cout << std::boolalpha;
29 | 
30 | 	//Verify that int * is a pointer and that int is not
31 | 	std::cout << "It is " << isPtr(int) << " that int is a pointer.\n";
32 | 	std::cout << "It is " << isPtr(int *) << " that int * is a pointer.\n";
33 | 
34 | 	//Success
35 | 	return 0;
36 | }
37 | 


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/TemplateSpecialization/PartialTemplateSpec.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ PartialTemplateSpec.cpp -o PartialTemplateSpec.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | #include <climits>
 7 | 
 8 | // Template Meta
 9 | template <int N, int N2> struct Division {
10 | 	enum { value = N / N2 };
11 | };
12 | 
13 | 
14 | //Note that here we have only one int in our template
15 | //This is partial template specialization.
16 | //We then specify what the arguments are below
17 | template <int N> struct Division<N, 0> {
18 | 	enum { value = INT_MAX };
19 | };
20 | 
21 | 
22 | //Main function
23 | int main() {
24 | 
25 | 	//Test division
26 | 	std::cout << "4/2 = " << Division<4,2>::value << std::endl;
27 | 	std::cout << "4/0 = " << Division<4,0>::value << std::endl;
28 | 
29 | 	//Success
30 | 	return 0;
31 | }
32 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TemplateSpecialization/Tuple.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ Tuple.cpp -o Tuple.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //Macro wrapper
 8 | #define isPtr(T) ((bool) IsPointer<T>::result)
 9 | 
10 | //Simple Tuple class
11 | template <class T, class U> struct Tuple {
12 |     typedef T Head;
13 |     typedef U Tail;
14 | };
15 | 
16 | //Declare a CopyTuple class
17 | template <class T> struct CopyTuple;
18 | 
19 | //Add a template to this template specalization
20 | template<> template <class T, class U>
21 | struct CopyTuple< Tuple<T, U> > {
22 | 	typedef Tuple<T, U> result;
23 | };
24 | 
25 | 
26 | //Main function
27 | int main() {
28 | 
29 | 	//Create a tuple of an int and char
30 | 	typedef Tuple<int, char> A;
31 | 
32 | 	//Copy A to B
33 | 	typedef CopyTuple< A >::result B;
34 | 
35 | 	//Compare A and B
36 | 	std::cout << (typename A::Tail) 'A' << " = " << (typename B::Tail) 'A' << std::endl;
37 | 	std::cout << (typename A::Head) 'A' << " = " << (typename B::Head) 'A' << std::endl;
38 | 
39 | 	//Success
40 | 	return 0;
41 | }
42 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeList/BasicTypeList.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ BasicTypeList.cpp -o BasicTypeList.cpp
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | 
 8 | // A simple Type List
 9 | template <class T, class U> struct Typelist {
10 | 	typedef T Head;
11 | 	typedef U Tail; 
12 | };
13 | 
14 | //Main function
15 | int main() {
16 | 
17 | 	//Create a TL with a char and an int
18 | 	typedef Typelist<char, int> TL;
19 | 
20 | 	//Print 'A' as a character and number
21 | 	std::cout << (typename TL::Head) 'A' << std::endl;
22 | 	std::cout << (typename TL::Tail) 'A' << std::endl;
23 | 
24 | 	//Success
25 | 	return 0;
26 | }
27 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeList/TL_Append.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ TL_Append.cpp -o TL_Append.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //A class that denotes the end of a TL
 8 | class NullType {};
 9 | 
10 | // A simple Type List
11 | template <class T, class U> struct Typelist {
12 | 	typedef T Head;
13 | 	typedef U Tail; 
14 | };
15 | 
16 | 
17 | /* Note: The following is for C++98.
18 |  * There is a better way to do this with C++11 !
19 |  * With variatic arguments, we will be able to
20 |  * define a single function that does the job
21 |  * of all of these macros! C++11 also allows for
22 |  * default template arguments!
23 |  */
24 | 
25 | // The C++98 Method ( C++11 is MUCH better for this )
26 | #define TYPELIST_1(T1) Typelist<T1, NullType>
27 | #define TYPELIST_2(T1, T2) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_1(T2) >
28 | #define TYPELIST_3(T1, T2, T3) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_2(T2, T3) >
29 | // ...
30 | // ...
31 | // ...
32 | 
33 | // In C++11, none of this is needed, you can make a struct do it for you
34 | 
35 | 
36 | // Below assumes no errors. If you don't like this, feel free
37 | // to throw in some of the static asserts you learned below!
38 | 
39 | //Declare the Append struct
40 | // U is what is being appended to the typelist T
41 | // If T is Null and U is Null, return Null
42 | // If T is Null and U is not, return a typelist containing only U
43 | // If T is Null and U is a typelist, then return U
44 | // If T is not null, append T::Head to Append<T::Tail, U>
45 | template<class T, class U> struct Append;
46 | 
47 | //Append Null to an empty list
48 | template <> struct Append<NullType, NullType> {
49 | 	typedef NullType Result;
50 | };
51 | 
52 | //Append U to an empty list
53 | template <class U> struct Append<NullType, U> {
54 | 	typedef TYPELIST_1(U) result;
55 | };
56 | 
57 | //Append a typelist to a null list
58 | template <> template <class T, class U>
59 | struct Append<NullType, Typelist<T, U> > {
60 | 	typedef Typelist<T, U> result;
61 | };
62 | 
63 | // If T is not null, append T::Head to Append<T::Tail, U>::result
64 | template<> template<class Head, class Tail, class U>
65 | struct Append<Typelist<Head, Tail>, U> {
66 | 	typedef Typelist<Head, typename Append<Tail, U>::result> result;
67 | };
68 | 
69 | 
70 | //Main function
71 | int main() {
72 | 
73 | 	//Create a typelist of char
74 | 	typedef TYPELIST_2(char, bool) T2;
75 | 
76 | 	//Append an int to the end of T1
77 | 	typedef Append<T2, int>::result T3;
78 | 
79 | 	// Print out booleans as strings
80 | 	std::cout << std::boolalpha;
81 | 
82 | 	//Print out 'A' as an int and a char
83 | 	std::cout << ( T3::Head ) 'A' << std::endl;
84 | 	std::cout << ( T3::Tail::Head ) 'A' << std::endl;
85 | 	std::cout << ( T3::Tail::Tail::Head ) 'A' << std::endl;
86 | 
87 | 	//Success
88 | 	return 0;
89 | }
90 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeList/TL_Index.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ TL_Index.cpp -o TL_Index.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //A class that denotes the end of a TL
 8 | class NullType {};
 9 | 
10 | // A simple Type List
11 | template <class T, class U> struct Typelist {
12 | 	typedef T Head;
13 | 	typedef U Tail; 
14 | };
15 | 
16 | 
17 | /* Note: The following is for C++98.
18 |  * There is a better way to do this with C++11 !
19 |  * With variadic arguments, we will be able to
20 |  * define a single function that does the job
21 |  * of all of these macros! C++11 also allows for
22 |  * default template arguments!
23 |  */
24 | 
25 | // The C++98 Method ( C++11 is MUCH better for this )
26 | #define TYPELIST_1(T1) Typelist<T1, NullType>
27 | #define TYPELIST_2(T1, T2) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_1(T2) >
28 | #define TYPELIST_3(T1, T2, T3) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_2(T2, T3) >
29 | // ...
30 | // ...
31 | // ...
32 | 
33 | // In C++11, none of this is needed, you can make a struct do it for you
34 | 
35 | 
36 | // Below assumes no errors. If you don't like this, feel free
37 | // to throw in some of the static asserts you learned below!
38 | 
39 | //Declare the TypeAt struct
40 | template<class T, unsigned int i> struct TypeAt;
41 | 
42 | // Get the i'th index of a typelist: Base case, i = 0.
43 | template <> template <class T, class U>
44 | struct TypeAt<Typelist<T, U>, 0> {
45 | 	typedef T result;
46 | };
47 | 
48 | // Get the (i-1)'th index of the typelist U
49 | template<> template <class T, class U, unsigned int i>
50 | struct TypeAt<Typelist<T, U>, i> {
51 | 	typedef typename TypeAt<U, i - 1>::result result;
52 | };
53 | 
54 | 
55 | //Main function
56 | int main() {
57 | 
58 | 	//Create a typelist of int, char
59 | 	typedef TYPELIST_2(int, char) TL;
60 | 
61 | 	//Print out 'A' as an int and a char
62 | 	std::cout << ( TypeAt<TL, 0>::result ) 'A' << std::endl;
63 | 	std::cout << ( TypeAt<TL, 1>::result ) 'A' << std::endl;
64 | 
65 | 	//Success
66 | 	return 0;
67 | }
68 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeList/TypeList.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with:
 2 | 	g++ TypeList.cpp -o TypeList.cpp
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //A class that denotes the end of a TL
 8 | class NullType {};
 9 | 
10 | // A simple Type List
11 | template <class T, class U> struct Typelist {
12 | 	typedef T Head;
13 | 	typedef U Tail; 
14 | };
15 | 
16 | 
17 | /* Note: The following is for C++98.
18 |  * There is a better way to do this with C++11 !
19 |  * With variatic arguments, we will be able to
20 |  * define a single function that does the job
21 |  * of all of these macros! C++11 also allows for
22 |  * default template arguments!
23 |  */
24 | 
25 | // The C++98 Method ( C++11 is MUCH better for this )
26 | #define TYPELIST_1(T1) Typelist<T1, NullType>
27 | #define TYPELIST_2(T1, T2) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_1(T2) >
28 | #define TYPELIST_3(T1, T2, T3) Typelist<T1, TYPELIST_2(T2, T3) >
29 | // ...
30 | // ...
31 | // ...
32 | 
33 | // In C++11, none of this is needed, you can make a struct do it for you
34 | 
35 | 
36 | //Main function
37 | int main() {
38 | 
39 | 	//Create a typelist of int and char
40 | 	typedef TYPELIST_2(int, char) TL;
41 | 
42 | 	//Print out 'A' as an int and a char
43 | 	std::cout << (typename TL::Head) 'A' << std::endl;
44 | 	std::cout << (typename TL::Tail::Head) 'A' << std::endl;
45 | 
46 | 	//Success
47 | 	return 0;
48 | }
49 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/TypeSelection/Select.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | /* Compiled with
 2 | 	g++ Select.cpp -O3 -o Select.out
 3 | */
 4 | 
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | 
 7 | //Converts an int to a type
 8 | template<int N> struct Int2Type { enum { value = N }; };
 9 | 
10 | 
11 | //If B is true (general case), then result = T
12 | template<bool B, class T, class U> struct Select {
13 | 	typedef T result;
14 | };
15 | 
16 | //If B is false, then result = U
17 | //Since this is specialized, it takes priority over the general case
18 | template<class T, class U> struct Select<false, T, U> {
19 | 	typedef U result;
20 | };
21 | 
22 | 
23 | //Main function
24 | int main() {
25 | 
26 | 	//Determine what to print
27 | 	const bool flag = true;
28 | 
29 | 	//Set Num to Int2Type<100> if flag = true, Int2Type<0> if false
30 | 	typedef Select< flag, Int2Type<100>, Int2Type<0> >::result Num;
31 | 
32 | 	//Print the result
33 | 	std::cout << "Flag = " << std::boolalpha << flag
34 | 				<< ", thus Num::value = " << Num::value << std::endl;
35 | 
36 | 	//Success
37 | 	return 0;
38 | }
39 | 


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